Use right ground symbol in your electronics schematics and other drawings.
Earth-ground symbol represents a real connection to earth. That connection could be for example 10-foot-high copper-clad steel bar driven into the earth (at your premises or nearby provided by power company) or metal water lines. That earth ground is wired to the neutral of your house wiring at the breaker panel. You can reasonably use the earth-ground symbol for the ground pin on the electrical outlet. Your electronics equipment schematic should use the earth-ground symbol to indicate connection to the electrical outlet ground pin on equipment plugged to wall outlet.
It is bad practice to use earth-ground symbols for chassis common. You an use the chassis common wherever a power supply or circuit card connects to the chassis. In a circuit board schematic you can use chassis symbol when a standoff screws the PCB to the chassis.
Signal-ground symbols are most suitable for most circuitry on a PCB. A design can have several of these symbols, with notations to identify them.
Information source: EDN magazine article Draw the line: Isolation shields systems from shocking surprises
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asdfgh says:
what is a difference b/w chassis, signal and system common???
tomi says:
In some circuits, the ground returns for analog signals are kept separate from the ground returns for digital signals to limit the possibility for coupling noise from the digital signals into the analog signals. Additionally, in some circuits the chassis, or enclosure, ground may be connected to the electrical system ground in your home or office for electrical safety reasons. Each of these different grounds may be represented by a different ground symbol.
It is useful to think of some of the different functions of a ground:
1. A ground provides a return path for current
2. A ground provides a reference point for measuring other potentials or signals
3. A ground provides a safety connection for metal enclosures
4. A ground provides a shield to screen out electromagnetic noise, as in a coaxial cable or Faraday cage
5. A ground plane is needed for an antenna to function properly
6. In electronic circuits, the ground is often used as a heat sink to dissipate heat from components
It is often a good idea to use different “grounds” for different functions. For example in electrical wiring both the neutral and protective ground wires are ground connections, but one serves as a current return path and the other is a safety connection. There are very good practical reasons to have these implemented as two different wires.
Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_different_types_of_grounds_in_electronic_circuits
Many electronics designs split 3 ground: Power GND, AGND, and DGND.
Power ground only for power converter system ground such as regulator gnd, capacitor gnd etc.
AGND is an analog signal ground for sensor, amplifier, analog part of ADC, etc.
DGND is the diginal ground for digital signal like MCU, communication IC, memory, etc.
The primary concern in real-world grounding is considering current flow and current paths. For example in a PC board, power returns and high-speed clock signals usually use different copper ground traces than low-level audio or sensor signal reference grounds, so that the transient current from switching does not affect the ground reference for tiny signals. The grounds are tied together at one point, so that there is no circuit path for current to travel between the paths, but they are at the same potential voltage.
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Stevve says:
I’m confused. I’ve always known chassis ground to be a horizontal line with FOUR diagonal lines extending downward and to the left with not one in line with or connected to the vertical line. Example: http://www.nasa.gov/offices/oce/llis/llis_lib/images/1009233main1_0774-3.jpg
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