Power over Ethernet (PoE) offers convenience, flexibility, and enhanced management capabilities by enabling power to be delivered over the same CAT5 cabling as data. This technology is especially useful for powering IP telephones, wireless LAN access points, cameras with pan tilt and zoom (PTZ), remote Ethernet switches, embedded computers, thin clients and LCDs.
The original IEEE 802.3af-2003 PoE standard provides up to 15.4 W of DC power (minimum 44 V DC and 350 mA) supplied to each device. The IEEE standard for PoE requires Category 5 cable or higher (can operate with category 3 cable for low power levels).
The updated IEEE 802.3at-2009 PoE standard also known as PoE+ or PoE plus, provides up to 25.5 W of power.
Although 2009 standard prohibits a powered device from using all four pairs for power, some vendors have announced products that claim to be compatible with the 802.3at standard and offer up to 51 W of power over a single cable by utilizing all four pairs in the Category 5 cable. The trend for power demands seem to be up.
Compliance to Power-over-Ethernet safety standards is critical when moving beyond 60W (EE Times)and Compliance with POE safety standards is critical when moving beyond 60W (EDN) articles tells that the current generation of standards-based technology enables up to 60 watts of power to be delivered over four pairs of cabling, which also improves efficiency when compared to earlier two-pair solutions. Compliance with POE safety standards is critical when moving beyond 60W.
As the industry moves toward delivering even more power over the CAT5-or-better cabling infrastructure, system designers and network administrators alike, need to understand various emerging technology options. Some new options can bring expensive and cumbersome deployment complications and, potentially, safety risks.
Some manufacturers have touted their own 100W-per-port solutions or even 200W/port solutions that are not safe. The use of a standard Ethernet-cabling infrastructure for a single port delivering greater than 100W is simply not safe under the NEC standard. The only safe approach for powering devices over Ethernet cabling is to follow IEEE802.3at-2009 specifications. Moving beyond the LPS requirement (sub-100W/port LPS requirement of IEC 60950-1:2011) to greater-than-100W/port implementations requires that the cables be protected with special flame-resistant conduit. A metal enclosure is required if the total PD load is greater than 100W for information data equipment, or greater than 15W for TV and audio equipment.
One standardized 100W solution is one used by HDBaseT Alliance. HDBaseT Alliance is develops 100W power specifications for products that transport uncompressed, high-bandwidth multimedia content, 100BaseT Ethernet, power, and various control signals through a single LAN cable. The key differences between the HDBaseT-powering approach and those from other independent manufacturers pursuing higher power levels are that it:
- Complies with the section 33.7.1 of the IEEE802.3at-2009 standard, which mandates that all PSEs conform to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60950-1:2001 specifications including classification as a Limited Power Source (LPS) carrying no more than 100 volt-ampere (VA) – or 100W – per port without the need for special over-current protection devices, and
- Performs Powered Device (PD) detection followed by PD classification to determine a PD’s consumed power level prior to its ignition.
In a typical HDBaseT implementation, the PSE is installed and powered by a 50 to 57-volt DC power supply, and all PDs receive power directly over the HDBaseT link across all four pairs of CAT5-or-better cables. Additionally, core PoE technology has been enhanced for HDBaseT to use a 1 amp current for every two cabling pairs, 3-event classification to identify compliant PSEs, and identify the cable length/resistance (draw more power when required not exceeding 100W, rather than assuming a worst-case cabling infrastructure at all times). This enables HDBaseT technology to transfer of up to 100W of continuous DC power, per port, from one side of the HDBaseT link to the other.
HDBaseT’s ability to deliver up to 100W of power (over 100m, via a single LAN cable, without any additional power source) is actually very nicely aligned with trends in energy usage and demand. The power level is more than adequate for supporting today’s typical 40-inch LED TV, which requires 70W of power. It is expected that both LCD and LED TV monitors will soon be averaging approximately one watt of power consumption per inch of screen size. Regardless of screen size EnergyStar™ 6.0 is targeting a cap of 85 W for all screen sizes.
PoE continues to evolve and offer an even wider variety of high-value power-delivery and management capabilities.
265 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
Valens Takes to Untangling and Untwisting Connected Cars
http://www.electronicdesign.com/automotive/valens-takes-untangling-and-untwisting-connected-cars?NL=ED-004&Issue=ED-004_20171128_ED-004_93&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_2_b&utm_rid=CPG05000002750211&utm_campaign=14284&utm_medium=email&elq2=70a54d92bdb04de39283151dc6bb68b5
High-end cars are some of the most complex machines in the world, with miles of wires linking more than a hundred electronic control units powering everything from windshield wipers to digital speedometers. This is all programmed with millions more lines of code than a fighter jet.
Valens started out over a decade ago selling networking chips for professional audio and visual devices. But now it is trying to use the same technology to recreate the car’s connective tissue. Its chips encode data so that they can traverse the car’s network over a single unshielded twisted pair cable, replacing many others to reduce cost and weight.
“The car is becoming like an advanced data center,” said Micha Risling, vice president of Valens’ automotive business, only two years old but already selling a series of chipsets. The comparison works because the cameras, radar, and other sensors in a fully driverless vehicle could discharge more than four terabytes of data every hour and a half of driving.
To handle it all, Valens is betting on HDBaseT, a standard it invented to transmit uncompressed audio and video, control, Ethernet, USB, and a hundred watts of power simultaneously. It can do this over a single copper cable, which does not have the thick, expensive insulation of traditional cables. That way, it can be tucked into tight spaces in cars.
Along with Samsung and Sony, the chipmaker turned HDBaseT into a standard in 2010.
over a copper cable up to 328 feet
But last year, Daimler said that it would use HDBaseT to connect its infotainment, telematics, and advanced driver assistance systems. Valens’ chief executive, Dror Jerushalmi, said that Daimler would start using it in production cars by 2020. GM, which sits on the alliance’s board, declined to comment on whether it planned to use HDBaseT.
With the money, Valens can expand its product line to compete with bigger rivals like Marvell and Broadcom, which makes networking chips for Ethernet that – like HDBaseT – work with a single unshielded copper cable.
“The automotive industry will not have a choice but to move to a centralized approach, simply given that so much processing power is needed. And again, the raw data will have to be processed differently to be used in different clusters,” said Risling in a recent interview. “The sensors really should be as dumb as possible.”
“Moreover, HDBaseT is not limited to point-to-point topologies and can also support daisy-chaining as well as multi-hop switching and [in that way] reduces the connectivity bottlenecks towards the main ECUs,” he said. “Our ability to support multi-streams over a single channel opens the door for advanced cost-effective interfacing options with other chips in the system.”
Valens can also deal with electromagnetic interference that leaks out of cables and can cripple performance. The company’s chips can monitor and cancel noise. It also shorted the range of HDBaseT to 50 feet so that cables could transmit at lower frequencies, which can better resist interference.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Next Ethernet Alliance PoE Plugfest to provide critical support for Power over Ethernet certification program
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/pt/2017/12/poe-feb-plugfest.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2017-12-14
The Ethernet Alliance, a global consortium dedicated to the continued success and advancement of Ethernet technologies, has announced details of its next plugfest. Dedicated to pre-standard testing of Power over Ethernet (PoE) technologies against Draft 3.2 of the IEEE P802.3bt standard, the event will be held the week of February 12, 2018, at the University of New Hampshire InterOperability Laboratory (UNH-IOL) in Durham, N.H. Open to Ethernet Alliance members, component developers, system providers, and test equipment manufactures will benefit from participation in this PoE plugfest. Test results will be important to both the ongoing development of the IEEE’s PoE standard and the second generation of the Ethernet Alliance’s PoE Certification Program.
Per an Ethernet Alliance statement, “As the range of PoE-enabled devices and applications expands and diversifies, the need for additional power is becoming more urgent. With emerging devices and applications requiring increased amounts of power, the IEEE P802.3bt standard is being developed to allow delivery of up to 90 watts of power via existing Ethernet cabling. With the specification’s ratification expected in September of 2018, the Ethernet Alliance is hosting a members-only interoperability plugfest to test equipment to perform pre-standard testing against the IEEE P802.3bt draft standard. Findings will be shared with the IEEE P802.3bt Task Force, providing the group with valuable insight; data gathered during the event will also be leveraged for the second generation of the Ethernet Alliance’s PoE Certification program. This Ethernet Alliance plugfest will allow the industry to get ahead of intensifying interest in advanced PoE solutions, opening the door to new market opportunities.”
Tomi Engdahl says:
PoE, PoE+ and Passive POE
http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/poe-poe-and-passive-poe?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+linuxjournalcom+%28Linux+Journal+-+The+Original+Magazine+of+the+Linux+Community%29
802.3af or Active PoE:
This is the oldest standard for providing power over Ethernet cables. It allows a maximum of 15.4 watts of power to be transmitted, and the devices (switch and peripheral) negotiate the amount of power and the wires on which the power is transmitted. If a device says it is PoE-compliant, that compliance is usually referring to 802.3.af.
802.3at or PoE+:
The main difference between PoE and PoE+ is the amount of power that can be transmitted. There is still negotiation to determine the amount of power and what wires it’s transmitted on, but PoE+ supports up to 25.5 watts of power.
Passive PoE:
This provides power over the Ethernet lines, but it doesn’t negotiate the amount of power or the wires on which the power is sent. Many devices use Passive PoE (notably, the Ubiquiti line of network hardware often uses 24v Passive PoE) to provide power to remote devices. With Passive PoE, the proprietary nature of the power specifics means that it’s often wise to use only power injectors or switches specifically designed for the devices that require Passive PoE. The power is “always on”, so it’s possible to burn out devices if they’re not prepared for electrified Ethernet wires, or if the CAT5 cabling is wired incorrectly.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Product Bulletin
Power over Ethernet (PoE) Injector
Industrial PoE/PoE+ Injector with Optional Power Supply Capabilities
http://belden.picturepark.com/Website/Download.aspx?DownloadToken=628b333e-b0cb-4860-86ec-8ea9ee9af93e&Purpose=AssetManager&mime-type=application/pdf
Tomi Engdahl says:
37 products certified in Ethernet Alliance’s PoE Certification program
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2018/01/initial-poe-certified-products.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-01-22&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=1980618
The Ethernet Alliance recently announced that 37 products have been certified through the alliance’s Power over Ethernet Certification Program. “Products from multiple Ethernet industry leaders were tested at the University of New Hampshire InterOperability Laboratory [UNH-IOL] in Durham, NH,” the alliance said. “Newly certified products range from component-level evaluation boards, to power sourcing equipment [PSE] enterprise switches, to midspan PoE power sources.”
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2017/09/poe-certification-program-ethernet-alliance-public.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
PoE circuit surge protectors install for Cat5e, Cat6 and Cat6A cabling infrastructure
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2018/01/ditek-poe-surge.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-01-25&pwhid=e8db06ed14609698465f1047e5984b63cb4378bd1778b17304d68673fe5cbd2798aa8300d050a73d96d04d9ea94e73adc417b4d6e8392599eabc952675516bc0&eid=293591077&bid=1984307
DITEK has announced the debut of the company’s DTK- MRJEXTS surge protector, designed to be installed on the outputs of PoE extender devices.
“In the event of a power surge, installing this product will ensure your PoE extender devices are not damaged or destroyed and your system will maintain operational.”
As stated by DITEK, “The DTK-MRJEXTS is designed to handle data speeds up to 10GbE without signal degradation and is ready for high-wattage applications with PoE+ and Hi-PoE. It contains shielded RJ45 connections with external grounding screw and complies with IEEE standards 802.3af and 802.3at for PoE.
http://www.diteksurgeprotection.com/
Tomi Engdahl says:
37 products certified in Ethernet Alliance’s PoE Certification program
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2018/01/initial-poe-certified-products.html
The Ethernet Alliance recently announced that 37 products have been certified through the alliance’s Power over Ethernet Certification Program. “Products from multiple Ethernet industry leaders were tested at the University of New Hampshire InterOperability Laboratory [UNH-IOL] in Durham, NH,” the alliance said. “Newly certified products range from component-level evaluation boards, to power sourcing equipment [PSE] enterprise switches, to midspan PoE power sources.”
Tam Dell’Oro, founder and chief executive officer of research and analyst firm Dell’Oro Group, observed, “Multivendor interoperability is Ethernet’s hallmark and an important consideration. Consumers want to know their products will just work, while industry players need a way to find new partnership opportunities with companies offering certified equipment. The global Ethernet PoE switch market is surging, with 750 million PoE-enabled switches and hundreds of millions of devices expected to be delivered over the next five years.
http://ethernetalliance.org/poecert/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Certified Products
https://ea-poe-cert.iol.unh.edu/
Tomi Engdahl says:
TestPro 100 validates copper links for 2.5G, 5G, 10G, and 90W PoE
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2018/02/aem-testpro-100-5g-10-90w-poe-tester.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-02-05&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=1994108
https://www.aem.com.sg/test-and-measurement-solutions
Tomi Engdahl says:
5 tips to make the most of your HDBase-T devices
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/print/volume-26/issue-1/features/standards/5-tips-to-make-the-most-of-your-hdbase-t-devices.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-02-05&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=1994108
As we enter into the Internet of Things (IoT) era, HDBase-T is an essential communication channel for smart home technology, because many IoT devices cannot deliver quality content over standard or high-speed WiFi broadband without compression. Where standard VGA and HDMI are either a partial, or ineffectual, answer for IoT needs, HDBase-T supplies an efficient, comprehensive solution.
HDBase-T is playing a leading role in almost every conceivable technological venue. Even in the field of smart vehicles and autonomic cars, which are dependent on quality high-definition visual and data content transmission, HDBase-T is playing a major role. HDBase-T is leading the IoT revolution to new innovative phases, implementing complex technology using simple standard Category X cable. The revolution accrued not only in the residential arena, but also in the business world with skyscraper office buildings, smart factories, and smart shopping experiences. All these environments are demanding high-quality experience, and because most of the Ethernet infrastructures in business cabling architectures already exist, upscaling to HDBase-T is both easy and intuitive.
Every HDBase-T port has its own specification, which professional installers and integrators must be aware of. The HDBase-T protocol supports 5Play features: power, Ethernet, A/V, USB, and control. Each of these can be operated in various configurations.
Many professional installers and integrators do not know how to evaluate the performance of HDBase-T connections (it is particularly difficult in 4K resolution), and are unaware of possible compatibility/interoperability issues when connecting different HDBase-T ports. These problems can affect the overall functionality and system quality.
The days of HD are behind us. Today, demand is for instantaneous communication, higher and faster data transfer, with maximum quality and no tolerance for errors. HDBase-T technology is becoming much more popular and prevalent in the AV industry, and in smart homes. In the near future, the devices all around us will both import and export data and content, from and to outside sources.
Tomi Engdahl says:
In-ceiling PoE switch supports digital lighting and other building applications
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2018/02/microsemi-in-ceiling-poe-switch-pds-208g.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-02-19&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=2008194
Microsemi recently introduced the PDS-208G Power over Ethernet swtich that the company said offers “an optimal and cost-effective solution designed specifically for digital ceiling installations.” It is compatible with any IEEE 802.3af or 802.3at PoE lighting fixture. When the 802.3bt standard is completed—which is expected to happen later in 2018—Microsemi will offer a compliant PDS-208G, the company added.
The 240-watt fanless switch supports full-power mode by providing 30 watts for eight ports simultaneously. Any individual port can operate at up to 72 watts.
“There are hundreds of models of PoE switches in the market,” Ronen continued. “Few are suitable for ceiling installation.” The PDS-208G fanless switch operates silently, he pointed out, which avoids distraction in the workspace from noisy fans in the ceiling. The fanless product is also highly reliable, Ronen added, with a highly efficient power supply.
In addition to supporting LED lighting, the switch can support building applications including presence sensors, building automation, HVAC, IP cameras, and WiFi access points.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Fluke Networks’ Versiv cabling certification system adds support for Legrand Clarity, Superior Essex PowerWise PoE products
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2018/02/fluke-legrand-se.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-02-19&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=2008194
Fluke Networks announced that its Versiv cabling certification system now supports Legrand’s family of Clarity cords and high density jacks and Superior Essex Communications’ LP PowerWise cabling products. The combined PowerWise and Clarity system is designed to provide superior performance for Power over Ethernet (PoE), including the IEEE 802.3bt draft 3.0 standard.
Per a press release, “This new capability extends Fluke Networks as the only provider of certification products and services in the structured cabling industry with the capability to test and certify all IEEE standards and requirements for 802.3bt PoE installations worldwide.”
“PowerWise + Clarity is the ultimate solution for 4PPoE applications, offering enhanced reliability and energy efficiency,” asserts Gary Hess, VP Innovation, Legrand. “With support built into Fluke Networks Versiv testers, contractors and installers can expand their service offerings immediately. This will be key as the number of PoE installations continues to increase in 2018,” adds Will Byran, vice president, marketing and technology, Superior Essex.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Transition Networks integrates managed PoE+ switches with Milestone Systems’ XProtect VMS
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2018/02/transition-milestone-integrate.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-02-26&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=2015464
Transition Networks announced that it has partnered with Milestone Systems, a provider of open platform video management software (VMS), to integrate its Smart Managed PoE+ Switches with Device Management System (DMS) software into the Milestone Systems XProtect VMS platform.
According to the companies, “Through this integration, XProtect VMS security integrators and end users will have improved control and better management of security cameras and other connected devices. Users will be able to access management and diagnostic capabilities through the Milestone XProtect VMS for all devices connected to the Smart Managed PoE+ Switches.”
Transition Networks’ Smart Managed PoE+ Switches provide Layer 2 PoE+ connectivity that power devices including IP cameras, wireless access points, and VoIP phones. The built-in DMS capability provides time-saving installation features that enable security integrators or network administrators to establish and document a baseline deployment, and automatically discover and remotely configure attached IP-addressable powered devices (PDs).
DMS also features Auto Power Reset (APR) to monitor and automatically restart edge devices, saving on truck rolls to remote locations for simple rebooting of the attached PDs.
Tomi Engdahl says:
USB-C kit for power over Ethernet
http://www.eenewspower.com/news/usb-c-kit-power-over-ethernet
The AT-USBC-Kit includes a custom 802.3af/PoE+ splitter that supports 25 watts PoE+ (both active and passive) using a 25W, 24V paassive PoE design to control both the Power Supplying Equipment (PSE) and the Powered Device (PD). With the uPoE (IEEE 802.3bt) standard coming in 2018, PoE Texas has developed 60 watt PoE PSE’s with upcoming designs for 60 watt PoE splitters to support full capacity USB-C PD.
http://www.poetexas.com
Tomi Engdahl says:
Microsemi Announces Digital Ceiling Power-Over-Ethernet Switch Offering Optimal and Cost-Effective Solution for PoE Lighting and Other Digital Ceiling Applications
Unique Switch Compatible to Any IEEE802.3af/at Lighting Fixture Provides New Features and Power Savings
https://investor.microsemi.com/2018-01-30-Microsemi-Announces-Digital-Ceiling-Power-Over-Ethernet-Switch-Offering-Optimal-and-Cost-Effective-Solution-for-PoE-Lighting-and-Other-Digital-Ceiling-Applications
Tomi Engdahl says:
Smart Lighting Solutions
https://www.microsemi.com/applications/illumination/smart-lighting-control
Energy expenses can skyrocket due to over-illumination of smart buildings, city street lights and home lighting fixtures. This has created a challenge for enterprises increasingly connecting everything into a vast Internet of Things (IoT), as well as cities attempting to create an inviting and safe environment for residents. The low cost and high performance of Microsemi’s smart lighting solutions provide a more cost-effective energy output, ultimately improving lighting infrastructure and decreasing the total cost of ownership (TCO) over time.
Microsemi PoE solutions reduce the parameter to 10 mW consumed to keep the port alive, which is 10 times better than current competitor solutions. With its ability to deliver power and data over a single cable, using PoE in smart lighting applications greatly simplifies deployment and management over a unified infrastructure.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Si3402B PoE Powered Devices Isolated Evaluation Kit
https://www.silabs.com/products/development-tools/power-over-ethernet/si3402b-isolated-evaluation-kit
Tomi Engdahl says:
PoE Lighting Convergence: LED Meets IT
http://www.lightshowwest.com/poe-lighting-convergence-led-meets-it
Power over Ethernet (PoE) could disrupt the lighting industry more than the LED ever has. By powering lighting with Ethernet switches and inexpensive Cat 5 or 6 cable, instead of hazardous 120V electrical systems, PoE threatens to move lighting from the electrician’s realm into IT. Lighting is everywhere in a building, and major IT players are poised to exploit the lighting layout and collect information for multiple building systems onto a single IP network. Beyond sensors and switches informing a standalone lighting control system, a network of security, phone, and other building systems coordinate to make buildings truly connected. PoE lighting can leverage investments in IT infrastructure and deliver greater energy efficiency, particularly in HVAC, plus a more personalized experience for the occupant.
Adding wattage
The IEEE 802.3af and 802.3at standards made low-power PoE devices like IP phones, Wi-Fi access points and security cameras possible. Today, more than 25W of 48V dc power brings LED lighting into the field. The upcoming approval of IEEE 802.3bt (or PoE++, expected to be ratified in 2016 or 2017) will allow up to 100W (minus losses) of plug-and-play networking without the strict conduit regulations required for line-voltage installations. IEEE 802.3bt is designed specifically for the IoT, transmitting data and power over all four pairs with a 10 Giabit Ethernet protocol (10GBASE-T).
“PoE is progressively getting cheaper, and with PoE++ you’re talking about 72 watts: that really changes things,”
In February, IT powerhouse Cisco launched the Digital Ceiling alliance, along with Philips Lighting, Cree and Eaton, among others. NuLEDs partnered with Cisco in 2012 and has numerous PoE lighting installations across the country. “It’s been a long process, but a very interesting and fun process, to watch this whole ecosystem emerge through the combination of the efficiency increases of LED lighting and the power increases of Ethernet-delivered Cat 5 cabling power,” said Lisa L. Isaacson, chief business development officer at NuLEDs. “There’s even fixtures being developed that are 200 lumens per watt.
Isaacson explained that NuLEDs often uses four-channel control of RGBW LED arrays to provide tunable white light. “We can tie in with an astronomical timeclock, so we can have an office space or a school space go through a Kelvin shift throughout the day to mimic the circadian rhythm of the outdoor daylight.”
In addition, networked PoE lighting enables
Demand side management/load shedding
Personal controls to set preferred settings, enhancing user satisfaction
More granular occupancy controls and daylight harvesting
Highly flexible scheduling
Positions and connections for a myriad of sensors: temperature, CO2, humidity, seismic, vacancy, methane, video, etc., etc.
The ability to monitor luminaires to detect outages and operational anomalies
Measurement and verification (M&V) of energy savings for each luminaire and sensor on the system
The use of colored light for wayfinding
The use of colored light to influence purchasing or other behavior
Visible light communication (VLC) for personalized communications to the occupant (uses a smart device with camera), including wayfinding
VLC for occupant control of the immediate environment using a smart device
The use of telemetry and analytics to save energy and optimize space utilization
Lighting as a service
Tomi Engdahl says:
An Introduction to NuLEDs PoE Intelligent Lighting
http://www.nuleds.com/introduction-to-nuleds-poe-intelligent-lighting/
http://www.nuleds.com/about/
NuLEDs, Inc. was formed in 2011 by founders with a rich background in low voltage LED lighting and control technology. After debuting in the home automation industry with established partners like Crestron, Savant and Control 4, NuLEDs quickly expanded its control capabilities to include Power-over- Ethernet (PoE).
In January of 2012, NuLEDs delivered the first PoE lighting system to Cisco that both powered and controlled from the IT network. In a small lab, with a skunk-works team from Cisco, NuLEDs presented a 4-channel PoE lighting system that forever changed the lighting industry.
Tomi Engdahl says:
U.S. DoE tests concerns about PoE wiring resistance
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/pt/2018/02/u-s-doe-tests-concerns-about-poe-wiring-resistance.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-03-05&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=2022539
One complication that arises out of using Ethernet lines for power is that the cabling must be treated more like conventional power-carrying wire than like data lines. That means the cable dc resistance factors into the installation design more so than if the wires handled just ordinary 5 Gbit/sec Ethernet.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Connected Lighting Systems
Efficiency Study
— PoE Cable
Energy Losses, Part 1
https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/01/f47/cls_poe-cable-pt1_nov2017_0.pdf
DoE researchers concluded that energy lost in the cable stays below 5% of the total load in PoE lighting applications so long as the average cable length doesn’t exceed 50 m.
Tomi Engdahl says:
IoT could owe further advances to Power-over-Ethernet cabling
https://www.designworldonline.com/iot-owe-advances-power-ethernet-cabling/
By Lee Teschler | February 27, 2018
Updated PoE specs let significant amounts of power flow down networking cables, so much that Ethernet wiring now can double as a power delivery system.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Virgin Media samples standard electrical wires for IoT lighting at technical center
http://www.ledsmagazine.com/articles/2018/03/virgin-media-samples-standard-electrical-wires-for-iot-lighting-at-technical-center.html?eid=293591077&bid=2033630
The pilot powerline communications deployment by enModus serves a strong reminder that existing cables can serve double duty and slash energy costs.
British broadband and cable provider Virgin Media is sampling the use of standard electrical wires to transport data to and from luminaires in order to control lux levels and collect information about facility usage at a technical center. The small powerline communications (PLC) trial has cut lighting-related energy costs by 99%, according the PLC provider, enModus.
Chepstow, Wales-based enModus replaced a number of fluorescent lights with LED luminaires from Thorn and tied them into enModus’ Wattwave control system that delivers commands from a central hub to the lights, each of which is outfitted with an enModus node.
The hub also connects via the Internet to an enModus cloud computing system based on Microsoft Azure, which helps to analyze lighting use and which sends back adjustments to the controls. In addition to lighting information, the lights deliver occupancy information — picked up from embedded PIR sensors — which the cloud system examines to help facility operators make better use of their space.
Virgin switched on the new system in July in a small retrofit which could lead to a complete retrofit of the facility and others in the Virgin orbit. The job was led by electrical contractor Richardson Electrical of Leeds, England.
Unlike another wired form of smart lighting, Power over Ethernet (PoE), PLC makes use of the existing electrical wiring that supplies the lights. PoE runs both data and electricity over the Ethernet cables that are traditionally associated with data. The common wisdom is that PoE makes more financial sense in new builds, which by definition call for new wiring of some sort, than it does in retrofits.
Both PLC and PoE technology can also deliver data to devices other than lights, providing rounded Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity. They are both competing with a variety of wireless approaches, such as Bluetooth Mesh.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Growing the IoT means higher power to PoE
https://www.edn.com/electronics-products/electronic-product-reviews/apec–the-applied-power-electronics-conference/4460389/Growing-the-IoT-means-higher-power-to-PoE
At APEC today, Silicon Labs showed off their two new power over Ethernet (PoE) powered device (PD) families, Si3406x and Si3404. These devices are designed with high integration and efficiency to serve a broad range of IoT applications.
These families have all necessary high-voltage discrete components on a single PD chip; the solutions support IEEE 802.3 at PoE+ power capabilities, have flexible power conversion options with more than 90 % efficiency, sleep/wake/LED support modes, and excellent EMI immunity.
I spoke to John Wilson, senior manager of PoE Products at Silicon Labs, about the new PD developments that are being demonstrated at APEC this year. 2018 will be a big year for PoE because the next generation of the standard is expected to be ratified by the IEEE committee around June or July. This new standard will raise the power levels to 100W, which will be paramount for the lighting market.
Cameras, in security and surveillance, are growing more than 20% year-on-year; wireless access points at 15% year-on-year (feature-rich video IP phones, public hot spots, advanced 802.11 wireless access points, and smart home appliances)
Design engineers like more integrated solutions of such devices with good power conversion efficiency and Silicon Labs excels in those areas. Legacy products have high voltage on chip like transient voltage suppressors, input diode bridges, and power MOSFETs enabling direct connection to an Ethernet RJ-45 connector. Along with this, the company has raised their power conversion efficiency from a legacy 70% to 90% with these new ICs, which also support isolation. EMI has also been vastly improved to allow quicker time-to-market.
https://www.silabs.com/products/power-over-ethernet/powered-devices
Tomi Engdahl says:
HDBaseT
https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/58215/Filpus_Antti-Juhani.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Tomi Engdahl says:
AAEON’s VPC-5600S opens up new horizons for NVR technology
https://www.eeweb.com/profile/eeweb/news/aaeons-vpc-5600s-opens-up-new-horizons-for-nvr-technology
AAEON launches the VPC-5600S, a network video recorder (NVR) with a possible eight PoE ports, each supported by their own LAN chips.
The VPC-5600S recently picked up coveted COMPUTEX d&i and Taiwan Excellence Awards, and AAEON network security division product manager Josh Chen has labelled it “the perfect surveillance system.” AAEON is currently the only company to offer NVRs featuring eight PoE ports with individual LAN chips. With this hardware specification and the device’s 7th Generation Intel® Core™ processor, users will receive the highest quality images from multiple sources without any danger of data loss. With an additional four USB3.0 ports and two LAN ports, the VPC-5600S can support up to 14 high-grade surveillance cameras.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Long reach 2- or 4-pair UTP PoE extender kits boast robust design
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/pt/2018/04/long-reach-2-or-4-pair-utp-poe-extender-kits-boast-robust-design.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-04-09&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=2060775
The FLEX-Base unit is connected to the downlink port of any standard PoE switch and can extend Ethernet (100Mbps) and PoE (up to 50W) over 2- or 4-pair UTP with 2,000ft (610m) reach. At the endpoint location, users connect the FLEX-Link or FLEX4 Adapter to the extended cable run and 1 to 4 IP endpoints on the other end making long reach PoE quick, easy and cost-effective.
http://www.securityinfowatch.com/product/12400027/nvt-phybridge-flex-extender-kits
Tomi Engdahl says:
Distance, wattage considerations drive power decisions
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/print/volume-26/issue-3/features/installation/distance-wattage-considerations-drive-power-decisions.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-04-09&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=2060775
By definition, Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a system that passes electric power along with data over cabling. Traditionally, this has been done over an unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cabling system. It may seem simple in concept, but the execution has not been without challenges.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Improving the Power over Ethernet experience
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2018/04/ethernet-alliance-power-over-ethernet-certification.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-04-19&pwhid=e8db06ed14609698465f1047e5984b63cb4378bd1778b17304d68673fe5cbd2798aa8300d050a73d96d04d9ea94e73adc417b4d6e8392599eabc952675516bc0&eid=293591077&bid=2073559
Multi-vendor interoperability is the hallmark of Ethernet. Some may talk about Ethernet’s plug-and-play capability, or low cost, but the simple reality is that neither of these happens without multi-vendor interoperability.
PoE is truly more than a common marketing term. It is more than simply hooking up two devices, where one device, referred to as the power source equipment (PSE) provides power over the Ethernet cable to another device, known as the powered device (PD), which uses the provided power. These devices must be designed to talk to each other using the right power levels in order to interoperate. And when these devices aren’t designed to the same specification, interoperability issues occur and everyone pays the price. Users become frustrated, and the solution providers must spend time and resources troubleshooting the problem. Everyone loses. The use of the terminology “Power-over-Ethernet” or “PoE,” is simply insufficient to distinguish products based on the PoE specifications in the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard from proprietary (AKA “non-standard”) power delivery implementations.
How big of a problem is this? According to industry analyst Dell’Oro, over the next five years, 800 million PoE-enabled PSE switch ports will be deployed with hundreds of millions of powered PD devices being sold. In the past PoE was used for IP phones, cameras, and wireless access points. However, with the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), the potential applications for PoE are only limited by the imagination of the engineer. We are seeing lighting, digital signage, point of sale/card readers, whiteboards, smoke detection, and other types of sensors and controls as potential PoE applications. Given the myriad of applications and devices, as well as the current 4 different power classes available, it has become imperative for the Ethernet industry to provide end-users with a simple tool to distinguish PoE products based on the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard from those products that use proprietary power-delivery implementations.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Transition Networks adds hardened Gigabit Ethernet PoE++ managed switch with multi-wireless capabilities, targeting surveillance, lighting, digital signage systems
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2018/04/transition-hardened-switch.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-04-19&pwhid=e8db06ed14609698465f1047e5984b63cb4378bd1778b17304d68673fe5cbd2798aa8300d050a73d96d04d9ea94e73adc417b4d6e8392599eabc952675516bc0&eid=293591077&bid=2073559
Transition Networks, Inc. this month announced its new 4+1 port Managed Hardened Gigabit Ethernet Power-over-Ethernet ++ (PoE++) IEEE 802.3bt (Draft) compliant Switch (SESPM1040-541LT-xx Series) with wireless capabilities for network extension and simplified network installations. The new managed switch is self-enclosed in a NEMA 4X/IP-66 rated enclosure for use in harsh outdoor environments and can be mounted directly on a wall, pole, or the side of a building. “This self-contained switch and enclosure reduces the time, expense, and other challenges associated with city permit requirements, approvals, installation and access to equipment in traditional cabinet applications,” asserts the company.
According to Transition Networks: “The SESPM1040-541-LT-xx Series is a Layer 2 switch with (4) 10/100/1000Base-T PoE++ ports and (1) combination 10/100/1000Base-T RJ-45 or 100/1000Base-X SFP port (additional port options available). Each port offers 6KV surge protection against lightning or other surges in current, and additional fuse protection safeguards against unintentional intrusion from outside power lines eliminating the need for external circuit cross protection. The SESPM1040-541-LT-xx Series also includes Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) connectivity to allow remote access for configuring, monitoring, or troubleshooting switches that are installed in high places where access would require a ladder or lift.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Cable and connector technology for supporting remote powering
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/print/volume-26/issue-4/features/technology/cable-and-connector-technology-for-supporting-remote-powering.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-05-14&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=2102065
It takes more than just thicker wire to support next-generation Power over Ethernet.
The combination of standards, codes, and best practices for remotely powering network devices presents significant challenges for user organizations as well as system specifiers, designers, and installers. Recently developed standards and codes have sought to address the means of most-effectively and most-safely deploying twisted-pair cabling to support remote powering. At the same time, manufacturers of cable and connectivity have done their own development, to offer cabling components that are up to the task.
Today, the material composition of a twisted-pair cable intended to support remote powering is different in several ways from the material composition of components solely intended to support 10/100/1000Base-T. Similarly, the design and composition of a connector—particularly a jack—that will support remote powering incorporates engineering that did not need to be considered for gig-speed support.
In a technical paper published in 2015 titled “Power over Ethernet with Panduit Copper Cabling,” Panduit explained, “Cables and connectors, by themselves, can handle the 960 mA current and 71W of power [anticipated to be specified in IEEE 802.3bt]. The concerns with running PoE in cables has to do with heat and temperature rise that occur when the cables are bundled, and the concern with connectors is arcing that occurs when a plug is removed from a connector with live PoE.”
The paper also explains, “An electrical arc (spark) naturally occurs most times when removing a plug from a jack with PoE running. The arc poses no danger to the user, and it is often difficult to notice. However, it can damage the points on the jack and plug contacts where it occurs. Connectors must be designed so the location damaged by the arc is not where the plug and jack mate. The IEC developed test methods IEC 60512-9-3 and IEC 60512-99-001 to address this particular issue.” The paper stated that Panduit’s plugs and jacks are designed to pass both test methods “to ensure that when arcing occurs, it will not damage the critical plug and jack mating point.”
While the level of current associated with the arc poses no risk to humans, the arcing creates an electrical breakdown of gases in the surrounding environment that erodes the plated jack-plug contact surfaces at the arcing location.
“When spark gap erosion occurs in the area of the fully mated position on an RJ-45 connector, the result is an unreliable connection due to the contact surface damage. This can cause degraded network performance and increase bit error rates.
TSB-184-A also explains that thermal dissipation—the dissipation of heat in cable bundles—can be improved if users select cables with several physical characteristics, including: improved thermal conductivity, improved heat transfer coefficient between cable materials, improved heat transfer coefficient between cable jacket and air, metallic elements such as a shield or screen, and a larger diameter.
Over the course of a year, Superior Essex introduced two cables that were engineered to support high levels of remote powering. It debuted the PowerWise Category 5e Cable, for PoE applications in September 2015 and the PowerWise I/O 1 Gigabit 4PPoE CRM/CMX Cables for indoor/outdoor PoE applications in September 2016. At the time of the 2015 introduction, the company explained the PowerWise Category 5e achieves 88-percent power efficiency for 802.3at and future 802.3bt applications. “This improved power efficiency is due to the fact that 22-gauge copper wires are 59 percent larger than the 24-gauge copper wires typically used in Category 5e cables.”
Deploying a balanced twisted-pair copper cabling system that will be able to support the delivery of remote power at IEEE 802.3bt-specified levels requires thoughtful preparation at every step. It involves the product design and engineering steps taken by manufacturers, the specification of appropriate products with sufficient capabilities, the design and installation of cable runs including bundling considerations, testing of the installed circuits—and that’s not to mention user-specific needs and preferences.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Increasing penetration of PoE a major driver of industrial communication cables market: Analyst
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/print/volume-26/issue-5/departments/infrastructure-insights/increasing-penetration-of-poe-a-major-driver-of-industrial-communication-cables-market-analyst.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-06-14&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=2139492
Technavio’s latest market research report on the global industrial communication cables market provides an analysis of the most important emerging trends expected to impact the market’s outlook from 2018-2022. The firm defines an “emerging trend” as a factor that has the potential to significantly impact the market and contribute to its growth or decline. According to Technavio’s analysts, the global industrial communication cables market will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of more than 12 percent during the forecast period.
The increasing penetration of Power over Ethernet (PoE) is cited as a major factor driving the market’s growth. Per the report, “Power over Ethernet enables a single 8-wire cable to transmit data and direct current. PoE is used as an essential power feature of a network switch, or via peripheral devices, installed between the switch and the physical devices in the network. The adoption of PoE in industrial facilities has proven to be economical for the end-user while increasing the connectivity strength. PoE also allows physical devices to be easily configured within a network.”
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2018/06/27/lisaa-tehoa-ethernetin-poe-ratkaisuihin/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Analog Devices – Isolated PoE PSE controller passes IEEE 802.3bt conformance tests (Linear LTC4291/92)
https://www.electropages.com/2018/07/analog-devices-isolated-poe-pse-controller-passes-ieee-802-3bt-conformance-tests/?utm_campaign=2018-07-25-Electropages&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_term=article&utm_content=Analog+Devices+-+Isolated+PoE+PSE+controller+passes+IEEE+802.3bt+conformance+…
Analog Devices announces the Power by Linear LTC4291/92 isolated four-port PSE controller chipset, claimed to be the first of its kind to pass a series of IEEE 802.3bt (PoE++) PoE conformance tests administered by Sifos Technologies. PoE typically gives system and network engineers PSE evaluation challenges. PSEs are multichannel, intelligent DC power sources that are activated and deactivated through standardised processes with no disruption in traditional Ethernet data transmission. At the same time, compliance testing is complicated by demands to work over several delivery and polarity configurations.
The Sifos 24-port PSA-3000 PowerSync analyser equipped with multiple two-port PSA-3202 test blades gives total automated testing and analysis of LTC4291/92-based PSEs.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Cisco UPOE
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/enterprise-networks/upoe/index.html
Deliver network power to a range of devices
Cisco Universal Power Over Ethernet (UPOE) extends the IEEE Power over Ethernet Plus (PoE+) standard to double the power per port to 60 watts. It can extend resilient network power to a broad range of devices, including virtual desktop terminals, IP turrets, compact switches, building management gateways, LED lights, wireless access points, and IP phones.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Raspberry Pi Trading is offering a Power-over-Ethernet HAT board for the RPi 3 Model B+ for $20 that ships with a small fan. Linux Gizmos notes that the “802.3af-compliant ‘Raspberry Pi PoE HAT’ allows delivery of up to 15W over the RPi 3 B+’s USB-based GbE port without reducing the port’s up to 300Mbps bandwidth.” To purchase, visit here.
https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/poe-hat/
Raspberry Pi’s PoE HAT ships for $20, tosses in a free fan
http://linuxgizmos.com/raspberry-pis-poe-hat-ships-for-20-tosses-in-a-free-fan/
Raspberry Pi Trading has launched a $20 Power-over-Ethernet HAT board for the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ that delivers up to 15W and ships with a small fan.
The Power-over-Ethernet HAT that was promised with the release of the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ SBC has arrived. The $20, 802.3af-compliant “Raspberry Pi PoE HAT” allows delivery of up to 15W over the RPi 3 B+’s USB-based GbE port without reducing the port’s up to 300Mbps bandwidth.
Tomi Engdahl says:
With IEEE 802.3bt, PoE Meets the Smart Building and IoT
https://www.electronicdesign.com/power/ieee-8023bt-poe-meets-smart-building-and-iot?NL=ED-003&Issue=ED-003_20180831_ED-003_408&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_1_b&utm_rid=CPG05000002750211&utm_campaign=19617&utm_medium=email&elq2=a33cf759f8dd4fe1983323f348804e23
Sponsored by Digi-Key and Analog Devices: By enabling 90 W max power transfer for Power over Ethernet, the standard opens the door to a vast new range of applications. Are the controllers available to handle the power increase?
Facilitating the Smart Building
One of the key target markets for 802.3bt is the so-called “smart” building, as it incorporates a significant portion of the devices that can be PoE-powered. It also offers the added benefit of allowing every one of them to have its own IP address. The latter will be enormously important in these buildings, which will incorporate hundreds or even thousands of sensors and all must be monitored and controlled from a single management system, either locally or virtually anywhere via the internet.
For several years, the gold standard in such buildings has been The Edge in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Fig. 1). The 430,500 ft.2 building is considered the smartest and greenest building in the world and a true engineering marvel. The building has more than 28,000 sensors of every imaginable type—all managed by a single system—and has the highest BREEAM score ever achieved of 98.36% BREEAM, or the Building Research Establishment Environment Assessment Methodology, is the world’s longest established method of assessing, rating, and certifying the sustainability of buildings.
The Edge uses 70% less electricity than a typical office building, producing more energy than it consumes.
Controllers for High-Power Apps
Of course, the ability to handle higher power requires device controllers that can meet this requirement, and in this regard the electronics industry is far ahead of the standard itself. For example, Linear Technology (now part of Analog Devices) created its LTPoE++ technology (Fig. 2) nearly a decade ago; it uses proprietary signaling techniques to achieve a maximum power level of 90 W. LTPoE++ has been used in the company’s controllers since then, and it was one of the key drivers of 802.3bt standard development.
The LT4295 is a good example of an LTPoE++-based PD controller designed to meet the needs of high-power applications such as wireless data systems, outdoor security cameras, public information displays, and any other system drawing up to 71 W.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Drilling down on the ANSI/TIA-568.2-D cabling standard
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2018/08/belden-ansi-tia-568-d-cabling.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-09-04&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=2225763
We’ve been talking about the changes that ANSI/TIA-568.2-D will bring to twisted-pair cabling – and those changes are finally here! The ANSI/TIA-568.2-D standard has been approved to replace ANSI/TIA-568-C.2, and is currently being published. To make sure you understand the latest updates the new standard brings, we’ll here go over the most impactful changes.
The addition of the Modular Plug Terminated Link (MPTL) configuration
The addition of the Modular Plug Terminated Link (MPTL) configuration
As we first reported here, ANSI/TIA-568.2-D will support the use of MPTL, a configuration where a horizontal cable run connects directly to a device when it terminates on one end to an RJ45 plug. In the past, MPTL wasn’t recognized. In this update, however, it is acceptable to connect a device in this fashion when deploying an outlet, faceplate and equipment cord isn’t practical.
We like to refer to the MPTL configuration as “direct connect.” This method efficiently connects IP devices to the network.
The addition of 28 AWG patch cords
ANSI/TIA-568.2-D will now support the use of 28 AWG patch cords in certain applications as well. Previously, the standard’s stance was that the cables shouldn’t be used since they didn’t meet requirements. Instead, the standard had recommended four balanced twisted-pair cables — 22 AWG to 26 AWG.
The addition of 28 AWG guidance is good news for high-density applications where congestion, airflow and sharp bend radius are important considerations.
When it comes to using 28 AWG patch cords with Power over Ethernet (PoE), the standard will also include an addendum at some point that maps out special considerations that need to be made. For example, the short answer to: “Can I use 28 AWG patch cords for PoE?” is “yes.” But there are some limitations for applications that demand more than 30W. (To play it safe, Belden recommends keeping 28 AWG PoE patch cords in bundles of 12 or less to minimize cable temperature rise.)
Other notable additions
One of them being the inclusion of Category 8 cabling. The standard will add the Category 8 cabling addendum originally included in ANSI/TIA-568-C.2-1 and incorporate it into the standard.
Also called out will be TSB-184-A, Guidelines for Supporting Power Delivery Over Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling, which provides recommendations for twisted-pair cables that support IEEE 802.3bt PoE. One of the main testing parameters included in TSB-184-A will also be part of ANSI/TIA-568.2-D: DC resistance unbalance within and between pairs
Tomi Engdahl says:
Rasberry Pi PoE Hat Released
https://hackaday.com/2018/08/26/rasberry-pi-poe-hat-released/
Rasberry Pi PoE Hat Released
https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/introducing-power-over-ethernet-poe-hat/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Next Generation Power Over Ethernet
http://www.analog.com/en/education/education-library/videos/5824440342001.html?ADICID=EMAL_NA_P72150_EXT-NL-PN_316_electronicdesign-customnl-1×1-PoEvid
Analog Devices offers a comprehensive solution set for systems based on the new IEEE 802.3bt (PoE++) Power over Ethernet (PoE) standard. This video highlights Power by Linear solutions for PD, PSE and bridge implementations.
Tomi Engdahl says:
EEVblog #1122 – Raspberry Pi 3 PoE Hat FAIL Investigation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tpvjo6wDFUA
The new official Power Over Ethernet (PoE) hat for the Raspberry Pi 3 B+ has been reported to fail with an overcurrent error when powering USB devices.
Dave investigates and narrows it down until, well, something goes horribly wrong…
Tomi Engdahl says:
Teardown: Powerline networking plus PoE
https://www.edn.com/5G/4461179/Teardown–Powerline-networking-plus-PoE?utm_source=newsletter&utm_campaign=link&utm_medium=EDNFunFriday-20181012
Tomi Engdahl says:
Vital tips about wires, cabling
https://www.csemag.com/single-article/vital-tips-about-wires-cabling/57dfffeafabbf0df9ee02e434abc5412.html?OCVALIDATE=
Ethernet cable not only can be used to transmit data and communication, but also power for low-power-usage devices. This article discusses design considerations and relevant codes and standards.
Category cable
Category (Cat) cable is a classification of a varying number of twisted pairs of insulated conductors used for telecommunications. There are shielded and non-shielded varieties, depending on the environment and application. Most common types have unshielded twisted pairs (UTP).
Examples include Cat-1, Cat-2, Cat-3, Cat-4, Cat-5, Cat-5e, Cat-6, Cat-6a, Cat-7, and Cat-8. The construction of these cables is described in the American National Standards Institute/Telecommunications Industry Association (ANSI/TIA)-568 (2017 Revision D) standard, which is maintained and published by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA).
Systems using UTP of the Cat-1 and Cat-2 variety are typically not governed by these boards because they do not handle high-speed data transfers and are intended for simple voice communication. This standard does, however, recognize Cat-5, Cat-5e, Cat-6, Cat-6a, and Cat-8 variations of communications cable.
A key difference in the category rating of a cable is the number of twisted pairs in the communication channel. By increasing the number of pairs and the quality of the conductors, the cable can be used to communicate within a more complex system for transmission of information, such as networking, data transfer, cable television, and power over Ethernet (PoE) applications.
Cat-5e cable is today’s most abundantly used cable for networking and data-transfer systems, containing four twisted pairs for a total of eight conductors. Cat-5e provides a bandwidth of 100 MHz and is compatible with 10Base-T, 100Base-T, 1000Base-T, audio/video (A/V) systems, and telephony applications.
Cat-6 cable is a more robust cable that exceeds many of the parameters of its Cat-5e cousin. Typically selected with a larger-gauge wire, this cable provides higher bandwidth, higher frequency, less attenuation, and less delay skew. Cat-6 cable is capable of handling up to 10 GB Ethernet for applications such as large organizations, universities, and high-speed.
Cat-8 cables are further enhanced cables, but they are not in wide use yet.
Complex applications, such as those requiring Ethernet connections, employ a Cat-5 cable or above. Ethernet cabling can be used to control various electronic elements through an internet connection based at the A/V source switch. Examples such as security cameras, LED lighting fixtures, and fire alarm equipment can all be connected through the Ethernet-connection cable.
Power-limited circuits
NEC Article 725 categorizes power-limited circuits into three classes: Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3.The power limitation for a Class 1 circuit is 1,000 VA (volt-amperes) and not more than 30 V.
The power and voltage limitations for Class 2 and Class 3 circuits are defined in NEC Chapter 9, Tables 11(A) and 11(B). The volt-amperes allowed do not exceed 250 VA and have several other parameters based upon whether the system is ac or dc, whether overcurrent protection is required, and what the circuit voltage is (never exceeding 150 V).
Power-limited cable classifications
Class 2 and Class 3 cables have various power, location, and support requirements specific to their application. Power regulations are specified in NEC 840.160 regarding power-limited PoE systems. Any device requiring less than 60 W is typically unrestricted; however, once the 60-W threshold has been exceeded, the additional requirements of Article 725 govern the system.
A common application for these cables is a Class 2 power supply operating at 24 V with a load of less than 100 VA, typically found in many LED lighting power supplies.
For PoE systems, the category cable is typically the chosen method of power delivery. These cables generally are supplied with between 22- and 26-AWG copper conductors in the twisted pairs.
It is also notable that in PoE circuits of more than 60 W, the ampacity determination of the conductor varies significantly from that of NEC Article 310. The number of bundled cables, size of the copper conductor, temperature rating, and conductor use are still the predominant factors, but they are scaled down for maximum ampacities up to 3 amps.
Heat generation
When determining the required ampacity of the cables, the higher-numbered category cables will generally provide a lower internal resistance; for example, Cat-5e is typically more resistive than Cat-6a.
Joule heating is responsible for a majority of all power dissipation in resistive cables and can be detrimental to a communication circuit’s functionality. Every incremental increase in internal resistance provides equal incremental power losses in the system.
In a situation where high power dissipation is unavoidable, it is imperative to select cables capable of performing under warmer conditions. Higher cable-temperature ratings will ensure that the cable can withstand the combined heating of internal current flow and ambient temperature.
Cable length and voltage drop
As with all current-carrying conductors, there is some maximum allowable distance before the resistance of the wire causes an excessive voltage drop. While not a mandatory requirement in all jurisdictions, the NEC recommends limiting voltage drop to an overall 5% from the point of service to the final outlet or device.
In general, it is recommended to limit the voltage drop to 2% for feeders and 3% for final branch circuiting. For Ethernet category cables, this distance is limited to 100 m (328 ft), with 90 m (295 ft) allowed from the patch panel and 10 m (33 ft) from the wall jack to the device. When the powered device (PD) is attached to the power-sourcing equipment (PSE), the PD sends a signal to the PSE requesting the amount of power it requires to operate.
At more than 300 ft, the camera’s operation may be compromised
If a longer run is desired in a location without sufficient 120-V connections, then a media converter can be substituted into the system. At or near the PSE, the category cable can be connected to the media converter and the signal will be passed along via fiber-optic cables for up to 900 ft.
Typical applications of power over Ethernet (PoE) cabling include:
Daylight sensing.
LED lighting.
Motion detection.
Security cameras.
Security sensors (touchpads).
Speakers/audio equipment.
Wi-fi routers.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Online calculator determines Power over Ethernet distance and voltage
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2016/03/commscope-power-over-ethernet-calculator.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-10-22&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=2276368
CommScope offers an online Power over Ethernet distance and voltage calculator, which allows users to determine the maximum distance and/or input voltages with PoE and PoE Plus devices. It is a tool that can be used in conjunction with CommScope’s Powered Fiber Cable System.
When the calculator is set to find maximum distance, the user increases or decreases the power source (in volts) and device power (in watts). The calculator states the max distance, at those voltages and wattages, when using 16-AWG and 12-AWG current-carrying conductors
PoE Distance and Voltage Calculator
https://www.commscope.com/calculators/powered-fiber-calculator/
To determine the maximum distance or input voltages configurable with your PoE and PoE+ devices, move the slider with your mouse or type in the variables in the boxes on the right.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Teardown: Powerline networking plus PoE
https://www.edn.com/5G/4461179/Teardown–Powerline-networking-plus-PoE?utm_source=newsletter&utm_campaign=link&utm_medium=EDNConsumerElectronics-20181024
Tomi Engdahl says:
Rankempaa virtaa Ethernet-liittimestä
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2017/07/19/rankempaa-virtaa-ethernet-liittimesta/
The Ethernet Alliance pre-standard 802.3bt PoE Plugfest
Date:
February 12, 2018 to February 16, 2018
https://www.iol.unh.edu/event/2018/02/ethernet-alliance-pre-standard-8023bt-poe-plugfest
802.3bt use cases
https://www.slideshare.net/PlanetechUSA/8023bt-use-cases
https://www.slideshare.net/PlanetechUSA/3-ways-to-keep-your-poe-cable-bundles-cool
37 products certified in Ethernet Alliance’s PoE Certification program
http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2018/01/initial-poe-certified-products.html
The 37 certified products are from the following companies.
Analog Devices Inc.
Cisco Systems Inc.
Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co.
Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.
Microsemi Corporation
Philips Lighting NV
Sifos Technologies Inc.
Texas Instruments
The Ethernet Alliance PoE Certification Program
http://ethernetalliance.org/poecert/
Certified Products
https://ea-poe-cert.iol.unh.edu/
- linkiksi
Paperi
https://www.microsemi.com/document-portal/doc_view/136209-next-generation-poe-ieee-802-3bt-white-paper
- kuvia
http://cds.linear.com/docs/en/article/M131_EN_-IEEE_802.3.pdf
. kuva sivulla 2
https://www.bicsi.org/uploadedfiles/bicsi_conferences/fall/2015/presentations/deploying_the_next_generation_poe.pdf
•
PSE initially applies a low voltage on the wires
•
A valid PD will present a specific signature to the PSE
•
If no valid signature detected, the PSE will NOT send power
–But WILL still pass data
•
If valid signature detected, PD may optionally present
classification signature
•
Upon completion of detection process, power
is supplied by the PSE
http://ecatalog.hubbell-premise.com/LiteraturePDFs/PLTPC001.pdf
IEEE 802.3af
1 current loop over 2 pairs, 15.4W injected, 13.5W
delivered (0.35A@37V)
IEEE 802.3at
1 current loop over 2 pairs, 30W injected, 25.5W
delivered ([email protected])
IEEE 802.3bt
2 current loops over 4 pairs, 100W injected (50W per
pair
‑set), 80W
‑85W delivered (2 x 1A @ 40V
‑42.5V)
TIA TSB
‑184
Category dependent, 600mA given 100 cable bundle
orientation, 10°C maximum cable temperature rise on
Category 5e
TIA TSB
‑184
‑ A
1A maximum per pair, smaller cable bundles required,
higher cable temperature rise allowed
NFPA 70 (NEC)
Limited Power Supply (LPS), Table 11(B), page 70
‑725
maximum currents for LPS and 30V
‑60V max
(150/Vmax = 2.5A).
UL 1863,
UL 60950
Limited Power Supply (LPS) <100 VA
Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) < 60V
Table 1: Power Delivery Requirements
Piiri
http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tps2372.pdf
- sivulla 1 kuva LED valosta
Linear Technology/Analog Devices LT4295
IEEE 802.3bt PD Interfaces
https://www.mouser.in/new/Analog-Devices/adi-lt4295-pd-interfaces/
PoE5 (IEEE 802.3bt) 90W/100W Power-over-Ethernet Tester
https://www.reachtech.com/poe-tester/poe5/
Powering more, and bigger, with the new PoE standard: 802.3bt
https://www.broadbandbuyer.com/features/4009-powering-more-and-bigger-with-the-new-poe-standard-802-3bt/
https://www.versatek.com/blog/double-power-with-ieee-802-3bt-power-over-ethernet/
https://www.versatek.com/product-category/power-over-ethernet/poe-injectors
https://planetechusa.com/blog/how-802-3bt-will-introduce-50-watts-of-power-over-ethernet-poe-power/
https://planetechusa.com/blog/poe-lighting-how-poe-is-revolutionizing-led-lights-in-smart-homes-and-offices//
https://planetechusa.com/blog/discover-our-full-suite-of-802-3bt-ultra-poe-60w-products/
These ultra PoE injector hubs have selectable PoE power output modes to increase compatibility with your existing hardware.
■ 60W UPOE PoE Power Output Mode (Pin 1, 2, 3, 6 + Pin 4, 5, 7, 8)
■ 30W End-span PoE Power Output Mode (Pin 1, 2, 3, 6)
■ 30W Mid-span PoE Power Output Mode (Pin 4, 5, 7, 8)
http://www.electronicdesign.com/power/poe-targets-more-applications-higher-power-ieee-8023bt
http://www.electronicdesign.com/sites/electronicdesign.com/files/uploads/2014/01/0214_ieee_table_1.gif
- kaapelilaskelmia
Using the conservative estimate of 100 million deployed nodes and the data from Table 2, average cable loss per year worldwide with a two-wire PoE solution is 121.7 million kWh. With the four-wire PoE solution, the cable loss is 60.8 million kWh. In addition to reducing the environmental impact of PoE, a four-wire solution offers operators of large Ethernet-based installations with PoE systems considerable utility cost savings.
Some form of power budgeting is necessary for these kinds of power-forwarding applications to be successful. As previously noted, the current standard allows a PD to “negotiate” its power mode in 100-mW steps using the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP). The standard also specifies five power levels, one default and four optional, that can be handled in hardware. Class 0 (the default) ranges between 0.44 and 12.95 W; Class 1 (very low power), 0.44 to 3.84 W; Class 2 (low power), 3.84 to 6.49 W; Class 3 (mid-power), 6.49 to 12.95 W; and Class 4 (high power), 12.95 to 25.50 W. Only IEEE 802.3at (Type 2) devices can use Class 4.
http://blog.siemon.com/standards/category/ieee/802-3bt-4ppoe
https://www.belden.com/blog/digital-building/poe-types-what-they-mean-and-how-they-re-used
Type 3
Also known as: 4-pair PoE, 4P PoE, PoE++, UPOE
Related standard: IEEE 802.3bt
Maximum power to port: 60W
PoE Type 3 uses all four pairs in a copper cable. Currently in development with IEEE 802.3bt Type 3 Work Group, it is projected to be ratified in early 2017. It provides 60W of DC power to each PoE port (up to 51W of power for each device). PoE Type 3 can support devices such as videoconferencing system components and building management devices.
Type 4
Also known as: higher-power PoE
Related standard: IEEE 802.3bt
Maximum power to port: 100W
Growing power requirements of network devices are pushing the need for higher power delivered through network cabling – which is where PoE Type 4 comes into play. It provides up to 100W of DC power to each PoE port (up to 71W of power for each device). PoE Type 4 can support devices such as laptops and TVs. The standard is currently under development, and scheduled to be ratified in 2017.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Next Generation Power Over Ethernet
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFTal2-hbfg&index=59&list=PLDglzuv1g_h-Ch5QlzRzj_cRTY-zWnNr1
Analog Devices offers a comprehensive solution set for systems based on the new IEEE 802.3bt (PoE++) Power over Ethernet (PoE) standard. This video highlights Power by Linear solutions for PD, PSE and bridge implementations.
Tomi Engdahl says:
ANATOMY OF A PRODUCT QUALITY ISSUE: POE HAT
https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/poe-hat-revision/
One of the neat new features of the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ is its support for IEEE 802.3af Power-over-Ethernet (PoE).
The Raspberry Pi board itself provides a PoE-capable Ethernet jack and circuit protection components; the power regulation electronics, which would be too costly and bulky to include on the main board, live on a separate HAT.
When we announced the 3B+, we revealed that an official Raspberry Pi PoE HAT was in the works and, after a few unforeseen production delays, we we released this HAT at the end of August.
If it’s not been tested, it’s broken
It’s a truism that if you don’t test an aspect of a design, it will certainly be broken. Those of us with a Broadcom background sometimes refer to this as Alan Morgan’s rule, after its most enthusiastic proponent.
Extensive testing over all configurations, operating parameters, and use cases is the only way to minimise the likelihood of releasing a product with a hardware issue. Even relatively simple hardware can end up catching you out by throwing up some unexpected bug or issue.
We made several mistakes with the first version of the PoE HAT
Fortunately, this bug turned out to be easy to fix
Once we had confirmed that there was a problem with the PoE HAT, we took the product off sale, and recalled and reworked the outstanding units.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Pulse Electronics intros HDBaseT industrial temperature transformer
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2018/11/pulse-intros-hdbaset-transformer.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2018-11-12&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=2297054
Pulse Electronics’ Networking Business Unit, a provider of electronic networking and communications components, has introduced its new “HDBaseT Industrial Temperature -40 degrees C to +85 degrees C Transformer and Common Mode Choke” series. Designed to improve EMI performance and support power over HDBaseT (PoH) applications, the HDBaseT Industrial Transformer and Common Mode Choke components round out the Pulse HDBaseT product line.
Compatible with Valens chipsets, the Pulse Electronics HDBaseT technology enables the 5Play feature set, which includes ultra-high definition 4k video, audio, 100BASE-TX Ethernet, various control signals, and up to 100W of power.
https://www.power.pulseelectronics.com/
Tomi Engdahl says:
UL launches cable certification program for Power over HDBaseT cables
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2017/02/power-over-hdbase-t-certification-program-ul-4299.html
The HDBaseT Alliance and Underwriters Laboratories (UL) jointly announced the Certification Program for Power over HDBaseT (PoH) Cables. In a statement, the organizations said, “This program, targeted at cable manufacturers, addresses the increased performance and safety requirements related to heating due to current levels being carried under PoH of audiovisual installations. With increasingly complex installations and the proliferation of Power over HDBaseT equipment, AV vendors, manufacturers and professionals have indicated the need for standardization and consistency for high performance, regardless of the size of cable bundles. The new certification program evaluates the cable’s ability to carry DC [direct current] power of up to 100 watts over the four pairs of the cable and to maintain HDBaseT data transmission performance.”