No matter how efficient we make our transistors and memory cells, they will always consume a fixed but tiny amount of energy set by the second law of thermodynamics, a new study suggests. Now the question is how close our real-world devices can get to this fundamental value.
“At the end of the day, it confirms that Landauer’s theory seems to be correct, that there is a minimum amount of energy that one can’t get below,” says Bokor. Still, he adds, we’re nowhere close to zeptojoule switches: “The computers that we have today operate far far from this Landauer limit, probably on the order of a million times more energy per operation than what Landauer showed.”
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