hen it comes to Internet of Things, connectivity to the internet is the primary area of focus. The sensors on the IoT devices, wearables and electronic devices need to get connected easily – preferably wirelessly. IoT LPWA market is expected to grow at an annual rate of 90 percent. It is expected that in 2021 the market size of about EUR 24.5 billion.
I earlier wrote about Sigfox LPWA system. It was pretty simple story. Now it is time to take a look at the competing technology LoRa. It is a more complicated, and maybe more interesting story.
LoRaWAN tries to bridges the gap between WLAN and cellular networks while allowing low power operations (sensors can work years with batteries). LoRaWAN is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) and allows for Internet of Things connectivity making way for secure bidirectional communication. LoRa offers good .
LoRAWAN and LoRa radio
LoRa system consists of two parts: LoRaWAN media access control and LoRa physical layer technology.
LoRaWAN is a media access control (MAC) layer protocol designed for large-scale public networks with a single operator. It is built using Semtech’s LoRa modulation scheme. LoRaWAN as a protocol is strictly for wide-area networks.
LoRa as a lower-level physical layer technology (PHY) can be used in all sorts of applications outside of wide area. No, you do not need a gateway for applications that don’t need to connect to Internet. You can easily implement simple protocols using LoRa, either with modules or with the chips themselves.
There are two options to use this type of radio technology: LoRa and LoRaWAN
- LoRa contains only the link layer protocol and is perfect to be used in P2P communications between nodes in the 868 and 900MHz bands. LoRa modules are a little cheaper that the LoRaWAN ones. For details Go to the LoRa Tutorial.
- LoRaWAN includes the network layer too so it is possible to send the information to any Base Station already connected to a Cloud platform. LoRaWAN modules may work in the 868/900/433MHz bands. For more details Go to the LoRaWAN Tutorial.
LoRa radio details
LoRa communications systems for IoT consists of LoRa (a chirped modulation format) and LoRaWAN (a MAC-layer protocol) . LoRa is a spread-spectrum technology that uses quite wide band (usually 125 kHz or more). Its frequency-modulated chirp utilizes coding gain for increased receiver sensitivity.
The great performance of LoRa in 3 features (good sensitivity, low path loss, good obstacle penetration) makes LoRa a disruptive technology enabling really long range links. Because LoRa receiver looks at quite wide amount of spectrum (so receiver gets much more noise than narrowband systems like SigFox), it needs to elevate noise due to a larger receiver bandwidth is mitigated by the coding gains. Practical link budgets are about the same for SigFox and LoRaWAN. For example Semtech SX1272 LoRa transceiver IC promises 157 dB maximum link budget. With more realistic sensitivity of -134 dBm and +14 dBm we get 148 dB link budget, that should be able to provide more than 22km (13.6 miles) in LOS links and up to 2km (1.2miles) in NLOS links in urban environment (going through buildings).
LoRaWAN data rates range from 0.3 kbps to 50 kbps (some chips can offer bit rate up to 300 kbps). To maximize both battery life of the end-devices and overall network capacity, the LoRaWAN network server is managing the data rate and RF output for each end-device individually by means of an adaptive data rate (ADR) scheme.
. The Semtech basestation architecture is designed to operate only at 850 MHz to 1 GHz. Most typically LoRa is used in 868 MHz (Europe) and 915 MHz (USA) unlicensed frequency bands. LoRaWAN modules may work in the 868/900/433MHz bands.
In radio communications at license free there are limits on transmitter duty cycles. In Europe, 863 to 870 MHz band has been allocated for license-free operation with transmission duty cycle of 0.1%, 1% or 10% (or other control means like LBT and AFA). At 868 MHz the duty cycle is 1%. For other regions, quite similar limitations apply.
There are also other recommendations, for example TTN Fair Access Policy limits the data each end-device can send, by allowing: An average of 30 seconds uplink time on air, per day, per device. At most 10 downlink messages per day. A good goal is to keep the application payload under 12 bytes, and the interval between messages at least several minutes (application packet size can vary between 51 bytes for the slowest data rate, and 222 bytes for faster rates).
LoRa has so far relied on unlicensed spectrum to provide connectivity for sensors used in smart meters, asset-tracking devices and other “Internet of Things” (IoT) networks, but it is also heading to licensed frequencies as well?. Mobile operators that have made investments in LoRa networks are now looking at using licensed spectrum to support the technology. Running the technology over licensed spectrum could help operators overcome one of the main drawbacks of the technology — the interference and congestion that can occur in unlicensed airwaves.“The only benefit carriers have is that they can guarantee quality of service because it’s a licensed band,” said the mystery mouthpiece. Going to other than ISM bands should not be a big problem, because for example The SX1272 LoRa transceiver covers a frequency range of 860 to 1,020 MHz and SX1276 transceiver spans a frequency range from 137 to 1,020 MHz.
LoRaWAN details
LoRaWAN includes the network layer too so it is possible to send the information to any Base Station already connected to a Cloud platform. LoRaWAN was designed for the centralized architecture of telecom operators.
LoRaWAN network architecture is typically laid out in a star-of-stars topology in which gateways is a transparent bridge relaying messages between end-devices and a central network server in the backend. Gateways are connected to the network server via standard IP connections while end-devices use single-hop wireless communication to one or many gateways. All end-point communication is generally bi-directional, but also supports operation such as multicast enabling software upgrade over the air or other mass distribution messages to reduce the on air communication time. For some more details, read Go to the LoRaWAN Tutorial.
In LoRa system both the endpoint and the basestation are relatively inexpensive. This is primarily because you can use the same radio for a receiver on the basestation and at the endpoint. Typically LoRaWAN basestation tends to be more expensive than the endpoint.
Advantages and disadvantages of LoRaWAN
Following are the advantages of LoRaWAN:
➨It uses 868 MHz/ 915 MHz ISM bands which is available world wide.
➨It has very wide coverage range about 5 km in urban areas and 15 km in suburban areas.
➨It consumes very little power and hence battery will last for long duration.
➨Single LoRa Gateway device is designed to take care of 1000s of end devices or nodes.
➨It is easy to deploy due to its simple architecture
➨It uses Adaptive Data Rate technique to vary output data rate/Rf output of end devices. The data rate can be varied from 0.3 kbps to 27 Kbps for 125 KHz bandwidth.
➨The physical layer uses robust CSS modulation (Chirp Spread Spectrum). It uses 6 SF (spreading factors) from SF 7 to 12. This delivers orthogonal transmissions at different data rates. Moreover it provides processing gain. LoRa modulation has constant envelope modulation similar to FSK modulation (easy for PA design)
➨LoRaWAN supports three different types of devices viz. class-A, class-B and class-C.
Following are the disadvantages of LoRaWAN:
➨It can be used for applications requiring low data rate i.e. upto about 27 Kbps.
➨LoRaWAN network size is limited based on parameter called as duty cycle. This parameter arises from the regulation as key limiting factor for traffic served in the LoRaWAN network.
➨It is not ideal candidate to be used for real time applications requiring lower latency and bounded jitter requirements.
Security is important. National wide networks targeting internet of things such as critical infrastructure, confidential personal data or critical functions for the society has a special need for secure communication. This has been solved in LoRaWAN system by several layer of encryption as detailed in this picture from LoRa Alliance.
The security model uses several keys: Unique Network key (EUI64) and ensure security on network level, Unique Application key (EUI64) ensure end to end security on application level and Device specific key (EUI128). Some discussion on LoRaWAN security can be found at Security of an IoT network using AES (LoRaWAN) web page:MIC (Message Integrity Code) for each message and the end-to-end (application to application) ciphering of the payload both use AES 128 bits key.
Pictures of some LoRa products
Here is LoRa dev board by Espotel.
Here is Jaakko Ala-Paavola from Espotel showing LoRa demo that uses their LoRa dev board and commercial LoRa gateway (also uses Node-RED to implement control logic).
The Things Network
The Things Network is a global, crowdsourced, open, free and decentralized internet of things network. The Things Network (TTN) comprises a number of internet connected LoRaWAN gateways deployed by enthusiastic supporters in a growing number of areas around the world.
Because the costs of LoRa technology are very low, the idea is that we do not have to rely on large telco corporations to build such a network. For example the city of Amsterdam was covered with only 10 gateways at the cost of 1200 dollars each – a single Gateway can serve thousands of devices. If you don’t already have local coverage, then you can deploy your own gateway and connect it to TTN. While gateways are expensive at around $500 each, many local funding opportunities exist.
Although the goal of The Things Network is to support for any protocol that can be useful for the community, the focus is currently on LoRaWAN. LoRaWAN is perfect for the Internet of Things as it is low battery, long range, and low bandwidth.
The Things Network is about enabling low power Devices to use long range Gateways to connect to an open-source, decentralized Network to exchange data with Applications and Platforms.
Gateways form the bridge between devices and The Things Network. Devices use low power networks like LoRaWAN to connect to the Gateway, while the Gateway uses high bandwidth networks like WiFi, Ethernet or Cellular to connect to The Things Network. All Gateways within reach of a device will receive its messages and forward them to The Things Network.
The network will deduplicate the messages. The Backend handles the received data.The aim is make the different backend components as decoupled as possible, so there is a clear separation of the responsibilities of each component. The Things Network’s different routing service components:
Gateway, Router, Broker, NetworkServer, Handler and Application
LoRaWAN is a “network-intensive” protocol, intensive in the sense that due to the simple and minimalistic approach for devices, the backend systems are responsible for most of the logic. Firstly, there are some Gateway-related functions such as scheduling and managing the utilization of the gateways. Scheduling is needed because a gateway can only do one transmission at the same time. The utilization information is used to evenly distribute load over different gateways and to be compliant with the European duty cycles. Another important feature is monitoring the status of each gateway. We also need device-related functions that manage the state of devices in the network: Addressing is such that device address are non-unique, so the network has to keep track of which addresses are used by which devices in order to map a message to the correct device and application). Other things the network must keep track of are the security keys and frame counters. The Handlers need to know how to interpret binary data, and bridge to higher-layer protocols, such as AMQP and MQTT. As The Things Network will be a distributed network, there has to be functionality that supports this distribution.
The default Handler implementation simply publishes a JSON representation of uplink messages to a topic <app_eui>/devices/<dev_eui>/up on an MQTT broker. This allows applications to simply subscribe to the same MQTT topic and process the data in any way.
EXAMPLE: From the following message, the application could for example see that the temperature measured by device 001122334455667788 was 12.86 degrees:
Topic: 0102030405060708/devices/001122334455667788/up
{ payload: 'BQY=',
fields:{temperature: 12.86 },
port: 14,
counter: 1234,
metadata:
[ { frequency: 868.1,
datarate: 'SF7BW125',
codingrate: '4/5',
...
longitude: 6.55738,
latitude: 53.18977 } ] }The public community network will probably stick with this API and format, but this behaviour can be easily adapted to other use cases. After publishing the uplink message to MQTT, the Handler will determine whether it is necessary to reply to the device with a downlink message.
In an open network with many different end-devices (nodes), which are not connected but just start sending when they need to (ALOHA-like protocol), and all have a different data need and connection quality, there are many limiting factors to keep things working.
The data rate and maximum packet size roughly depend on the distance to the nearest gateway and the type of data to be sent. For the European 863-870MHz band, the application packet size varies between 51 bytes for the slowest data rate, and 222 bytes for faster rates (LoRaWAN protocol adds at least 13 bytes to the application payload). When an end-device is far away from a gateway, it needs to use a low data rate to ensure at least one gateway receives its data. But a lower data rate implies a longer air time for each byte. For the European EU 863-870MHz ISM Band limits the duty cycle to 1% for data. For other regions, quite similar limitations apply. For 1000 nodes per gateway and dutu cycle limitations, we end up approximately 30 seconds per node per day. With this Fair Access Policy for 10 bytes of payload, this translates in (approx.): 20 messages per day at SF12 or 500 messages per day at SF7.
By default, gateways transmit with maximum allowed TX power (14 for EU-868). Every device has the same transmit duty cycle, gateways are no exception, so gateway must have less than 1% transmit duty cycle.
APIs
IoT device end: Semtech SX1272 LoRa transceiver IC provides SPI interface to communicate with it. RN2483LoRa module from Microchip connects over a serial interface.
The Things Network backend: The default Handler implementation simply publishes a JSON representation of uplink messages to a topic <app_eui>/devices/<dev_eui>/up on an MQTT broker. This allows applications to simply subscribe to the same MQTT topic and process the data in any way.
385 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
Open IoT Network
http://embeddedexperience.blogspot.fi/2016/06/open-iot-network.html
Free and open wireless IoT network is under construction at Helsinki area and selected other cities in Finland. The purpose is to promote the technology and boost innovations and help companies entering in new digital businesses.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Campus radio
http://embeddedexperience.blogspot.fi/2017/01/campus-radio.html
As of Today, LoRa is good candidate for many LPWA solutions like meter reading, as well as for Factory Area Networks when no high data rate is needed. LoRa ecosystem is growing fast
customer reference with LoRa is IoTkey designed for SKS Automaatio. It’s high-end industrial LoRa transmitter for temperature and other measurement needs in process industry. LoRa makes it easy to make retro-fit sensor network installation, as separate site-specific network planning project is not needed, unlike in case of WiFi, Bluetooth, or similar technologies.
Tomi Engdahl says:
New Module Meets LoRa Challenges
To meet the needs of LoRa applications, one company decided to develop its own unique solution.
http://mwrf.com/components/new-module-meets-lora-challenges?NL=MWRF-001&Issue=MWRF-001_20170323_MWRF-001_840&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_2_b&utm_rid=CPG05000002750211&utm_campaign=10251&utm_medium=email&elq2=44db245241fd4dcc9c886143fd12f0cc
The ETH-LORA-M-AX-0110 is a plug-and-play LoRa module that enables low-power-wide-area-network (LPWAN) connectivity. It operates in the unlicensed 868- and 915-MHz frequency bands. The module combines Semtech’s SX1272 LoRa transceiver with Ethertronics’ Active Steering and impedance matching solutions. Ethertronics’ EC686 chipset, which is a single-pole, four-throw (SP4T) for antenna tuning applications, is utilized in the module’s architecture
Ethertronics’ motivation, essentially, is to deliver a complete LoRa device solution. This solution includes a LoRa module, antennas, testing, software integration support, and pre-certification. “We want to be a one-stop shop to allow customers to bring a LoRa application to market,”
One key feature of the ETH-LORA-M-AX-0110 module is its impedance matching capability. This capability allows power transfer between the radio and antenna to be maximized. The company maintains that this impedance-matching capability helps to overcome potential antenna detuning caused by the surrounding environment.
This technology essentially enables a communication link to be optimized dynamically. IoT/M2M applications can benefit from real-time adjustments, which are made possible by Active Steering technology.
In terms of performance, the ETH-LORA-M-AX-0110 module has a performance range in excess of nine miles. It also has an expected battery lifetime of 2 to 10 years—depending on the application.
Tomi Engdahl says:
LoRaNeT32
WiFi/BLE –> LoRa bridge
https://hackaday.io/project/21067-loranet32
LoRaNeT32 aims to fill several roles, from the impending IoT network needs to it’s primary focus of providing a emergency backup network. Self contained solar powered nodes will be distributed as cheaply as possible attending to be run unmaintained for their lifetime.
From the user prospective it will be as simple as connecting to the AP provided by the ESP32. From the captive portal users will be able to send messages across the Mesh Network.
Messages will be cached on device for as long as possible (memory permitting) allowing time for the receiving user to accept. Alternatively if the message finds it’s way to an exit node the message can be delivered through a primary internet backbone*.
* depending on security settings, network availability
Tomi Engdahl says:
Should I Choose Cellular or LoRa for my IoT?
http://intelligentsystemssource.com/should-i-choose-cellular-or-lora-for-my-iot/
At a fundamental level, LoRa is a low level, so called “Physical Layer” technology, whereas cellular IoT are systems made up of many different technologies and deployments. Some European and Asian carriers are experimenting with using LoRa with a system called LoRaWAN, as an alternative way to connect simple IoT devices to a network. However, most companies, Link Labs included, use LoRa more like Wi-Fi, where a large facility (factory, hospital, several city blocks) needs connectivity to IoT devices using wireless infrastructure.
Whether to use a mobile network for connectivity comes down to a few considerations like: mobility, power consumption, battery life and cost. If a device needs to “just connect” wherever it goes, then a mobile network is the only option. Technologies like LoRaWAN are deployed to make that connection more power efficient and inexpensive. The drawback is that LoRaWAN messages are mostly unidirectional and limited to a handful of bytes and deployments are very limited to date. Applications that need to send more data or have requirements for firmware over-the-air, for example, would not be able to use LoRaWAN.
The newest cellular IoT to appear in deployed networks is LTE Cat-M1. M1 is a 3GPP based 4G standard that narrows the bandwidth of the LTE signal, making chips less expensive and power hungry.
Tomi Engdahl says:
New Whitepaper: LoRa Technology – Ecosystem, Applications and Benefits
https://www.mobileworldlive.com/new-whitepaper-lora-technology-ecosystem-applications-and-benefits/?utm_campaign=MWL%20Semtech%20WP%20Mar%202017%202nd%20send&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Eloqua
The Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) market is often viewed as a technology battleground from which one solution will emerge as the winner and de facto standard.
But LPWAN use cases are so varied that no one technology will meet all requirements, as some LPWAN technologies are better suited for certain applications than others.
Given the size of the LPWAN market and varied nature of applications, there is room and, in fact, a place for multiple complementary options.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Mouser – Compact LoRa module ideal for smart metering, wearables, tracking, M2M and IoT edge nodes (Murata CMWX1ZZABZ-078)
http://www.electropages.com/2017/04/mouser-compact-lora-module-ideal-smart-metering-wearables-tracking-m2m-iot-edge-nodes/?utm_campaign=2017-04-12-Electropages&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_term=article&utm_content=Mouser+-+Compact+LoRa+module+ideal+for+smart+metering%2C+wearables%2C+tracking%2C+…
Murata Type ABZ LoRa module, available now from Mouser, is a compact low power wide area network (LPWAN) wireless module that supports the LoRaWAN long range wireless protocol. The module measures just 12.5×11.6×1.76mm and is housed in a metal shielded package. The module includes a Semtech SX1276 ultralong range spread spectrum wireless transceiver and an STMicro STM32L0 series ARM Cortex M0+ 32 bit MCU.
Typical applications for this module include smart metering, wearables, tracking, M2M and IoT edge nodes. Accommodating a wide range of temperatures, the module can operate from – 40C to + 85C.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Whitepaper
LoRa Technology: Ecosystem, Applications and Benefitss
https://www.mobileworldlive.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Semtech_Whitepaper.pdf
Tomi Engdahl says:
A LORA HOME ENVIRONMENT MONITORING GATEWAY
https://blog.arduino.cc/2017/04/28/a-lora-home-environment-monitoring-gateway/
Rod Gatehouse decided to build his own LoRa environment monitoring system using an Arduino Mega.
To keep an eye on things, Gatehouse (aka “RodNewHampshire” on Instructables) came up with an excellent LoRa IoT gateway that can be controlled via four push buttons and an LCD screen. This device can take input from remote stations wirelessly, and can put this data online or push it to a user as a text message.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Simple Range Testing for LoRa Modules
http://hackaday.com/2017/04/29/simple-range-testing-for-lora-modules/
WiFi and Bluetooth have their use cases, but both have certain demands on things like battery life and authentication that make them unsuitable for a lot of low-power use cases. They’re also quite limited in range. There are other standards out there more suitable for low-power and wide area work, and thankfully, LoRa is one of them. Having created some LoRa pagers, [Moser] decided to head out and test their range.
Lora Range Test
https://reibot.org/2017/04/23/lora-range-test/
some cheap SX1276 chinese modules bought off ebay. How far can they really go?
Tomi Engdahl says:
New Whitepaper: LoRa Technology – Ecosystem, Applications and Benefits
https://www.mobileworldlive.com/new-whitepaper-lora-technology-ecosystem-applications-and-benefits/?utm_campaign=MWL%20Semtech%20WP%20Mar%202017%202nd%20send&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Eloqua
The Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) market is often viewed as a technology battleground from which one solution will emerge as the winner and de facto standard.
But LPWAN use cases are so varied that no one technology will meet all requirements, as some LPWAN technologies are better suited for certain applications than others.
Tomi Engdahl says:
LoPy LoRaWAN Nano-Gateway using MicroPython and TTN
https://www.hackster.io/bucknalla/lopy-lorawan-nano-gateway-using-micropython-and-ttn-a9fb19
Can’t afford an expensive LoRa gateway to test your projects? Use a Pycom LoPy as a nano-gateway and connect up to the Things Network!
Tomi Engdahl says:
Some news on LoRa in Finnish:
http://www.etn.fi/index.php/13-news/6257-lora-laitetta-ei-voi-kaapata
http://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2017/05/04/ecf2017-uusimmat-iot-verkot-esille/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Mouser – Ultra-compact, cost-effective LoRaWAN module capable of supporting a wide range of sensors (Murata Electronics CMWX1ZZABZ-078)
http://www.electropages.com/2017/05/mouser-ultra-compact-cost-effective-lorawan-module-capable-supporting-wide-range-sensors/?utm_campaign=2017-05-02-Electropages&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_term=article&utm_content=Mouser+-+Ultra-compact%2C+cost-effective+LoRaWAN+module+capable+of+supporting+…
Mouser is now stocking the Type ABZ LoRa module from Murata. The innovative Type ABZ LoRa module is a compact low-power wide area network (LPWAN) wireless module that supports the LoRaWAN long-range wireless protocol and is designed to help increase the adoption of the LoRaWAN platform and make it the standard for LPWANs that support low-power IoT applications.
The module is a small, cost-effective LoRaWAN module capable of supporting a wide range of sensors through 18 GPIOs. The module includes a Semtech SX1276 ultralong range spread spectrum wireless transceiver and a STMicro STM32L0 series ARM Cortex-M0+ 32 bit microcontroller, with communication via UART, SPI, or I2C interfaces. The microcontroller includes 192kBytes of flash and 20kBytes of RAM, offering enough memory to embed customer applications and host other modulation stacks. The microcontroller also offers an optional STSAFE secure element to enhance the network security capabilities.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Murata’s Ultra-Compact Standalone Type ABZ LoRa Module
https://www.eeweb.com/news/muratas-ultra-compact-standalone-type-abz-lora-module
Mouser Electronics, Inc. announced its new product distribution from Murata, the Type ABZ LoRa module. The innovative Type ABZ LoRa module is a compact low-power wide area network (LPWAN) wireless module that supports the LoRaWAN™ long-range wireless protocol and is designed to help increase the adoption of the LoRaWAN platform and make it the standard for LPWANs that support low-power Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
The module includes a Semtech SX1276 ultralong range spread spectrum wireless transceiver and a STMicro STM32L0 series ARM® Cortex®-M0+ 32 bit microcontroller, with communication via UART, SPI, or I2C interfaces. The STM32L0 microcontroller includes 192 kBytes of flash and 20 kBytes of RAM
The Type ABZ module features pre-certified radio regulatory approvals for operating in the 868 MHz and 915 MHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) spectrum in most geographical regions of the world. The device’s normal output power is +14dBm but a PA boost function can be selected to increase radio frequency (RF) output to + 20dBm for long-range applications.
Tomi Engdahl says:
An Expanded IoT Role for RDK-B?
http://www.btreport.net/articles/2017/05/an-expanded-iot-role-for-rdk-b.html?cmpid=enl_btr_weekly_2017-05-04
The cable industry’s RDK-B software platform may soon underpin Internet of Things (IoT) and smart city networks. pureIntegration is working with semiconductor vendor Semtech (NASDAQ:SMTC) to develop a commercial integration of a LoRaWAN-based solution on RDK-B.
The LoRaWAN specification, from the LoRa Alliance, is a global, open standard low power wide area network (LPWAN) solution for Internet of Things (IoT) and smart city initiatives. It is intended to enable battery operated sensors and devices to communicate updates at very low data rates over long ranges and periods of time.
RDK-B is the cable industry’s Reference Design Kit software platform specifically for broadband services. The original RDK focused on video platforms such as set-top boxes; RDK-B, the broadband version, was introduced last May.
The LoRaWAN specification is one of several wireless technologies we are working with to deliver IoT and smart city solutions,
http://www.btreport.net/articles/2016/05/rdk-b-debuts-at-intx.html
LoRa Technology is a two-way wireless RF platform designed to enable LPWANs for IoT applications. Use cases include agriculture monitoring, public safety, building and infrastructure management, smart cities, asset tracking and others.
RDK Management has a new software solution available for broadband gateways, dubbed RDK-B. The original version for video set-tops is now called RDK-V.
Tomi Engdahl says:
A LoRa home environment monitoring gateway
https://blog.arduino.cc/2017/04/28/a-lora-home-environment-monitoring-gateway/
When you’re away from your home, perhaps you’d like to know what is going on there. A camera system is one solution, but is fairly data-intensive and might not be the right method if you’d like to monitor information such as temperature and humidity in several zones. For this, Rod Gatehouse decided to build his own LoRa environment monitoring system using an Arduino Mega.
To keep an eye on things, Gatehouse (aka “RodNewHampshire” on Instructables) came up with an excellent LoRa IoT gateway that can be controlled via four push buttons and an LCD screen. This device can take input from remote stations wirelessly, and can put this data online or push it to a user as a text message.
LoRa IOT Home Environment Monitoring System
http://www.instructables.com/id/LoRa-IOT-Home-Environment-Monitoring-System/
Tomi Engdahl says:
A LoRaWAN “The Things Network” Gateway for Windows IoT Core
https://www.hackster.io/laserbrain/a-lorawan-the-things-network-gateway-for-windows-iot-core-441210
Build your own LoRaWAN “The Things Network” packet-forwarding gateway on Windows 10 IoT Core in native .NET code.
This tutorial describes how to build, install and run a packet-forwarding LoRaWAN gateway running on a Raspberry Pi with a Dragino LoRa extension board, forwarding received radio packets to The Things Network backend. The gateway is implemented in C# (having no external dependencies) and runs on the Windows IoT Core platform.
Tomi Engdahl says:
VEHICLE ENVIRONMENT MONITOR HELPS KEEP YOUR DOG SAFE
https://blog.arduino.cc/2017/05/15/arduino-devices-help-keep-dogs-safe-from-overheating/
The car unit consists of an Arduino Mega, along with a temperature sensor and LoRa transciever. The receiver takes this wireless information, which can be reliably read at a range of 250 meters (820 feet) in an urban environment, and gives the user a series of blinks to assure Max’s (the dog) human that he’s safe and comfortable.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Arduino shows off LoRa gateway and node shields
http://linuxgizmos.com/arduino-shows-off-lora-gateway-and-node-shields/
At the Maker Faire Bay Area, Arduino showcased its new Arduino LoRa Gateway and LoRa Node shields that run on Arduino boards. Due to arrive later this year, the boards will be offered in a LoRa Gateway Shield Kit for the Linino Linux-enabled Arduino Tian, and a LoRa Node Shield Kit designed for the Arduino Primo or other Arduinos with at least 32KB of flash.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.hackster.io/pycom
Tomi Engdahl says:
LoRaWAN implementation in python
https://github.com/jeroennijhof/LoRaWAN
This is a LoRaWAN v1.0 implementation in python.
It uses https://github.com/mayeranalytics/pySX127x and it’s currently being tested with a RFM95 attached to a Raspberry PI.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Getting started with LoRaWAN and Python using Zerynth and The Things Network
https://www.zerynth.com/blog/getting-started-with-lorawan-and-python-using-zerynth-and-the-things-network/
The TTN (The Things Network), a global community of people over 84 countries, is building a global Internet of Things data network based on LoraWAN.
In this tutorial, we’ll see how to create a LoraWAN network programmed in Python using Zerynth and connected to The Things Network. In particular, we’ll see how to:
Configure a Link Labs Gateway.
Program a Node in Python using Zerynth. In this case, the node is a Flip&Click by Mikroelektronika (based on the microcontroller SAM3X by Microchip). The LoRa module is a “LoRa Click” by Mikroelektronika (based on the RN2483 chip by Microchip).
Connect the node to TTN (The Things Network) Console.
Zerynth is the middleware for smart devices, IoT and Industry 4.0 applications
https://www.zerynth.com/
With Zerynth you can design embedded applications and IoT connected devices using any 32 bit microcontrollers and connecting to any cloud infrastructure.
Tomi Engdahl says:
LoRa+BLE Puts IoT Everywhere on the Map
http://www.mwrf.com/systems/lorable-puts-iot-everywhere-map
Thanks to the blend of LoRa technology and Bluetooth Low Energy, the Internet of Things can reach locations without telecommunications infrastructure.
When it comes to the Internet of Things (IoT), far-flung is also fun because it’s about where the future of IoT lies: Way out on the edge of where sensor device-to-cloud wireless connectivity has ever been able to go geographically.
IoT has been anything but far-flung up until now. Yes, it is already being deployed in lots of locations. The analyst reports that come out each month say that billions upon billions of wireless sensors and devices will be deployed in the next few years.
But if you fling a dart at a map, chances are you would hit a geographic location where IoT was once likely to be difficult or challenging to achieve—either technically or economically. That’s because the vast majority of wireless IoT deployments today are done within arm’s reach of telecommunications infrastructure, whether in the form of wired infrastructure or wireless towers.
Infrastructure Dependency
There’s a good reason why IoT has stuck close to that infrastructure, which typically means close to cities and towns and the routes that connect them. IoT deployments rely on Ethernet, fiber, and cellular infrastructure as the conduit for data sent to and received from those wireless devices. That provides the backhaul for an engineer in Chicago to receive packets of data from a set of sensors in Peoria, and to send instructions and other information to the wireless IoT devices remotely.
Typically, that backhaul is provided via fiber through something like a Wi-Fi or cellular connection from a gateway.
when you combine a new technology, LoRa, with one that is already a fundamental element of so many IoT deployments: Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).
IoT networks that utilize BLE (also known as Bluetooth Smart) can be deployed in nearly any physical space, given its small footprint and energy-miser architecture that enable small wireless sensors and controls to operate on a battery charge for years. With BLE, these small devices can be placed nearly anywhere within a given location
But without backhaul, those BLE devices are simply talking to one another in an echo chamber—they lack two-way communication back to the people who want to get that data and send instructions. As a result, the majority of BLE-based IoT applications use the mobile phone as a gateway back to the cloud via its cellular connection. But in absence of a cellular or mobile phone, what do you do? This is where LoRa comes in.
Together, BLE and LoRa provide the combination of short-range, inter-device communications and long-haul backhaul over distance to allow the implementation of IoT networks in a much broader geographic area.
With that said, some exciting applications await LoRa in metro areas: A few LoRa gateways can create an IoT network for a large urban area, connecting a large number of devices with their own low-power network that need not rely on traditional telecom infrastructure. Those applications include environmental monitoring, to city management, to utility-meter measurements among dozens of others.
The LoRa gateway on-site would relay data packets to and from the cloud via a series of small nodes every 10 miles, each of which utilize the ultra-low-power LoRa to stay running for long periods on a small battery. That backhaul can extend as far as necessary until a connection is able to be made to traditional telecom infrastructure.
LoRaWAN data rates range from 0.3 to 50 kb/s. To maximize battery life of the end devices as well as overall network capacity, the LoRaWAN network server manages the data rate and RF output for each end device individually by means of an adaptive-data-rate (ADR) scheme.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Using BLE and LoRa with the RM1xx
https://assets.lairdtech.com/home/brandworld/files/Using%20BLE%20and%20LoRa%20-%20RM1xx%20Series.pdf
The RM1xx modules simplify bridging BLE sensor devices with a LoRaWAN network. This application note demonstrates the simplicity of this effort by collecting temperature data from a BLE sensor and forwarding it over the LoRaWAN network to be processed.
Tomi Engdahl says:
http://www.matolog.fi/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Real-Time Data Plotting of LoRa Nodes Using Python
https://www.hackster.io/luigifcerfeda/real-time-data-plotting-of-lora-nodes-using-python-184630?ref=explore&ref_id=recent___&offset=7
In this article, we’ll see how to get and visualize sensor data of LoRa nodes using Zerynth, The Things Network, and Matplotlib.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Open Source LoRa CSS PHY Implementation
https://n0where.net/open-source-lora-css-phy-implementation-gr-lora/
LoRa is a wireless LPWAN PHY that is developed and maintained by Semtech. It is designed to provide long range, low data rate connectivity to IoT-focused devices. A reasonable analogy is that LoRa is like cellular data service, but optimized for embedded devices.
LoRa uses a unique CSS modulation that modulates data onto chirps. For resiliency it uses a multi-stage encoding pipeline that includes Hamming FEC, interleaving, data whitening, and gray encoding of symbols.
Since LoRa is closed-source, developers and security researchers have been limited to interacting with it via Layer 2+ protocols and APIs exposed through integrated circuits.
The modulator and demodulator blocks do not resample or channelize input/output IQ streams; they expect to be provided a stream that is channelized to the bandwidth of the modulation.
Modulation and encoding stages are modeled as separate blocks to allow for modularity. The asynchronous PDU interface is used to pass messages to/from the encoder/decoder and between encoding and modulating stages. A good way to interface with the blocks is to use a Socket PDU block configured as a UDP Server, which can be written to like any other socket
Tomi Engdahl says:
Comcast Shares IoT, LoRa Insights
Thin expertise in big, fragmented markets
http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1331907
Six months into leading a new Internet of Things initiative for Comcast, Alex Khorram is trying to get his arms around an opportunity he is convinced will be huge. Like others attacking IoT, the general manager of the MachineQ service finds the market complex and diverse.
Comcast announced in October it will use the LoRa unlicensed narrowband network to address a dozen broad business opportunities from asset tracking and smart parking to waste management. So far it has a network up in Philadelphia where it has tens of field trials with small and large customers and plans to deploy nets in Chicago and San Francisco later this year.
Khorram found many companies are interested in IoT but few have the breadth of technical expertise to easily deploy a large project. “You can get to a prototype quickly, but it’s tough to find hardware, network and software engineering resources all in the same company,” he said.
“The top of the funnel is huge where people are interested in creating proof-of-concepts, but [the trouble is in] getting to the next 10,000 [units]—the industry is working on foundry or OEM partnerships, [but deployments] are very individualized,” he said.
While systems integrators may play a role filling the gaps, new business models are still opening up for companies that enable IoT. Thus Khorram is still investigating what roles Comcast will play with its MachineQ service.
Unlike its much smaller rival Senet, Comcast does not aim to create a national LoRa network. Instead it will focus on regional and metro use cases where it has an existing footprint that covers about half the U.S. population.
Some of the initial use cases that look promising include infrastructure metering, asset tracking and monitoring temperature for products required to stay cold. Long term, Comcast even has hopes of serving IoT in agriculture.
Comcast is one of the largest of about 30 service providers that have joined the LoRa Alliance including Orange, SK Telecom and Softbank. The group is approaching 500 members, about four dozen certified products and a board that now includes Khorram of Comcast along with representatives of Cisco, IBM and ZTE.
“The ecosystem is big…I think the alliance has reached critical mass,” Khorram said.
“We were very happy with propagation in rural, suburban and urban settings at 12-20 Kbits/s for up or down links, and in harsh environments it performed as expected,”
Now that pre-IoT concept has a name with a class of so-called LPWA (low power wide area) networks such as LoRa, Sigfox and Ingenu as well as up-and-coming cellular rivals. But just how it will play out remains to be seen.
Tomi Engdahl says:
SLoRa – Wireless weather station for agriculture
https://hackaday.io/project/25336-slora-wireless-weather-station-for-agriculture
Low power, Long range wireless weather sensor system to detect potential frosting and alert the farmer to take action.
The goal of the project is to create a system that can be deployed anywhere(even in the more remote orchards and fields) that regularly monitors weather conditions and notifies the farmer when immediate action is required to prevent crop loss.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Turn an Arduino Into a Quick and Easy LoRa Packet Sniffer
https://www.hackster.io/greg-loouq/turn-an-arduino-into-a-quick-and-easy-lora-packet-sniffer-01f536?ref=explore&ref_id=recent___&offset=16
LoRa is a radio technology to network IoT devices. But, what if things don’t work as expected? This simple project can help you debug LoRa
That is what this project is all about, turning an Arduino into a LoRa radio packet sniffer. With this in your toolbox you will be able to see the traffic between two or more LoRa radio nodes, which will help you troubleshoot the applications your developing as they communicate across a LoRa network.
For the system I wish to test, I am using a Raspberry PI 3 running gateway software and an Adafruit Feather M0 with RFM95 LoRa Radio (900MHz for North America) as the “end-node” sensor device.
LoRa packet sniffer allows me to see timing (using millis()) and contents of LoRa packets traversing the network.
I am using the Adafruit Feather M0 with RFM95 LoRa Radio as the basis for my packet sniffer. I choose this device for the project because everything I needed are on one circuit board. But, this project can be built with other Arduino\Arduino-like development boards.
You will need two pieces of code from the Internet to build this project, both are open-source and free.
RadioHead RF Library (AirSpacye Ltd.)
The INO for the packet sniffer application.
With your LoRa network running, start the sniffer sketch and start collecting.
For save to disk, you can use any terminal application you like, but not the Arduino IDE Serial Monitor.
If you are using delimited, you can view your network trace offline using Microsoft Excel, Apache OpenOffice or Google Sheets.
Tomi Engdahl says:
The reindeer got their own IoT transmitters
Digita is piloting reindeer herding with the reindeer herding lake through the LoRa network in Finland. Tracking is important for the reindeer industry, as most of the reindeer in the forest remains unpublished. The IoT network allows you to track more and more reindeer and also find the missing individuals.
IoT network based on digital masts and bi-directional LoRa technology enables the operation of extensive network-connected devices. Also, the life of the portable devices connected to the IoT network is much better than the older technologies.
“Compared to earlier reindeer tracking devices, Digita’s IoT network solutions enable even lighter and longer-lasting tracking devices,”
Source: http://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2017/06/22/porot-saivat-omat-iot-lahettimet/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Arduino Announces IoT Kit for LoRa Developers
http://www.engineering.com/IOT/ArticleID/15144/Arduino-Announces-IoT-Kit-for-LoRa-Developers.aspx
Tomi Engdahl says:
The LoRa Alliance said it now has more 500 ecosystem members. The LoRaWAN protocol is being used by at least 42 network operators, and there are more than 250 ongoing trials and city deployments, it was said.
Source: https://semiengineering.com/week-review-iot-4/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Chirppp, Internet over LORA
https://hackaday.io/project/25677-chirppp-internet-over-lora
Use LORA along with the point to point protocol (PPP) to create a TCP/IP connection for extended range use.
I decided to snag myself a pair of low cost LORA transceivers with the intent of piping a serial connection over them, and in turn, piggybacking PPP off of that serial connection to allow for TCP/IP traffic to flow between the two devices.
The LORA radios I purchased are based off the UART protocol and a few supporting pins. A crude flow of how to send data out of one of these devices is: check ready to send -> send serial data -> check ready to send, rinse and repeat. I chose these particular modems because almost all portable computing platforms have a built in UART of some sort, so I could make use of that.
However… there are a number of supporting pins (used to set mode, check status, etc) that must also be controlled in order for the radio to function correctly.
This portion of the code will make use of the device drivers explained above to emulate a full duplex serial connection over packet based protocol LORA uses (which is by nature half-duplex).
Project Source: https://github.com/ddemarco5/chirppp
Tomi Engdahl says:
13 Views of Sensors Expo 2017
LPWA v. cellular in wireless IoT
http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1331965&page_number=4
Microchip showed a startup’s electronic mousetrap embedded with its LoRa module (above) as well as the ATA8520 module for the Sigfox network (below) it acquired with Atmel. In the next booth, STMicroelectronics showed Murata boards for LoRa and Sigfox networks powered by its silicon.
The exhibits showed vendors are still spreading out their bets in the low power wide area (LPWA) sector. Volumes are said to still be low — in the low thousands — but interest is high in the emerging field, with tire kickers talking about plans to deploy millions. Indeed, a Sigfox rep at the STM booth said it has 19 million bookings but would not comment on actual deployments.
The Sigfox network claims lower interference and thus higher capacity than LoRa, the Sigfox rep said. In addition, its broadcast model is also more robust than LoRa’s approach that depends on point-to-point links.
For its part, LoRa claims a bigger ecosystem and more open business model with several network providers deploying the technology. With Sigfox operating as a managed network it’s a classic cellular vs. Wi-Fi kind of battle.
Speaking of cellular, a Verizon rep here said the operator has deployed thousands of LTE-M modules so far. Module prices are closing in on the “high teens.” The follow-on Narrowband IoT modules it hopes to start serving in late 2018 could fall to the low teens, just above the $10 LoRa/Sigfox modules.
Cellular operators are being aggressive on data pricing, too,
A tech executive from Orange that is deploying LoRa nets in France and elsewhere agreed
Tomi Engdahl says:
Chirppp, Internet over LORA
https://hackaday.io/project/25677-chirppp-internet-over-lora
Use LORA along with the point to point protocol (PPP) to create a TCP/IP connection for extended range use.
After a couple hours of boredom-browsing electronics blogs and product websites I stumbled across the world of LPWAN. That is, Low Power Wide Area Network… essentially a class of devices created much to appease the IoT trend. These are essentially low powered wireless data modems capable of transmitting data multiple kilometers, instead of a couple hundred feet.
I decided to snag myself a pair of low cost LORA transceivers with the intent of piping a serial connection over them, and in turn, piggybacking PPP off of that serial connection to allow for TCP/IP traffic to flow between the two devices.
Tomi Engdahl says:
ISM Communications for Arduino
http://hackaday.com/2017/07/09/ism-communications-for-arduino/
If you want to wirelessly communicate between devices, WiFi and Bluetooth are obvious choices. But there’s also the ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) band that you use. There are inexpensive modules like the SX1278 that can handle this for you using LoRa modulation, but they haven’t been handy to use with an Arduino. [Jan] noticed the same thing and set out to build a shield that allowed an Arduino to communicate using LoRa. You can find the design data on GitHub. [Jan] calls it the LoRenz shield.
According to [Jan], the boards cost about $20 to $30 each to make, and most of that cost was in having PC boards shipped. LoRa lets you trade data rate for bandwidth, but typical data rates are fairly modest. As for range, that depends on a lot of factors, too, but we’ve seen ranges quoted in terms of miles.
Depending on where you live, there may be legal restrictions on how you use a radio like the SX1278. You should understand your local laws before you buy into using the ISM bands.
Arduino Long Range Communication Tutorial – LoRenz shield
http://www.deviceplus.com/how-tos/arduino-guide/arduino-long-range-communication-tutorial-lorenz-shield/
Tomi Engdahl says:
LoRaCatKitty Build IoT Applications with LoRaWAN in 3 steps
https://www.hackster.io/51082/loracatkitty-build-iot-applications-with-lorawan-in-3-steps-6eb82e?ref=explore&ref_id=recent___&offset=0
Hi Hackster.io friends this time we will show you the easiest way to connect a device to The Things Network a LoRaWan network with the LoRACatKitty a device capable of connect infinity of sensor and actuators without welding or breadboard because of its grove connectors
Tomi Engdahl says:
LoRa and Sigfox are two of today’s most popular techniques for connecting IoT cells to the network. But what if the company does not know which technology should be chosen? No worries. Murata plans with STMicroelectronics to add a Sigfox connection to its LoRa module.
According to Muratas, the solution provides a module that provides the “best of both worlds”. When the same workflow supports both technologies, the customer can decide which technology best supports its application for service requirements and costs.
The Muratan module enables a hardware manufacturer to develop a solution that works on both networks, which can be used globally for the same firmware software.
The Murata ABX-type module is based on the STM32 controller and Semtech’s SX1276 radio network. Its nominal transmit power is +14 dBm, but can be increased to +20 dBm for better coverage.
Source: http://www.etn.fi/index.php/13-news/6577-kaksi-suosittua-iot-tekniikkaa-samaan-moduuliin
Tomi Engdahl says:
High bandwith, low-power, and long range. If you’re doing RF, you may pick two. LoRa is the RF solution that picked low power and long range. There are quite a few companies behind it, but we really haven’t seen many products using LoRa here in the states yet (then again, products that would use LoRa shouldn’t be very visible…). Now there’s an Open Source LoRa backend server. This is somewhat significant; LoRa isn’t a completely Open protocol, and all licensing goes through Semtech and the LoRa Alliance.
Source: http://hackaday.com/2017/07/30/hackaday-links-july-30-2017/
More:
CableLabs Announces an Open Source LoRaWAN Network Solution
http://www.cablelabs.com/cablelabs-announces-open-source-lorawan-network-solution
LP-WAN networks are designed to cover large geographical areas and minimize the amount of power required for sensors to interact with the network. There are many solutions available to enable this network, including Ingenu, Sigfox, LoRaWAN, 3GPP and Weightless.
CableLabs is pleased to announce an open-source LoRaWAN solution. LoRa is a semi-proprietary solution as it is owned and licensed by Semtech, and a closed consortium (i.e. LoRa Alliance) develops the LoRaWAN specification around the Semtech solution architecture.
Once the consortium concludes a revision of this effort, they make it publicly available. Ingenu and Sigfox are examples of fully proprietary solutions with closed development and ecosystems.
LoRaWAN is a long range, low power wireless protocol that is intended for use in building IoT LP-WAN networks.
CableLabs chose to develop a LoRaWAN open-source solution because we believe it is a good compromise between proprietary and open solutions, and it provides many of our members an opportunity to compete in the low power wide area (LPWA) space.
Tomi Engdahl says:
More information on the CableLabs LoRa server, including documentation and code repository can be found here:
LoRa Server, open-source LoRaWAN network-server
https://www.loraserver.io/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Chirppp, Internet over LORA
https://hackaday.io/project/25677-chirppp-internet-over-lora
Use LORA along with the point to point protocol (PPP) to create a TCP/IP connection for extended range use.
After a couple hours of boredom-browsing electronics blogs and product websites I stumbled across the world of LPWAN. That is, Low Power Wide Area Network… essentially a class of devices created much to appease the IoT trend. These are low powered wireless data modems capable of transmitting data multiple kilometers, instead of a couple hundred feet.
I decided to snag myself a pair of low cost LORA transceivers with the intent of piping a serial connection over them, and in turn, piggybacking PPP off of that serial connection to allow for TCP/IP traffic to flow between the two devices. The LORA protocol is a spread spectrum sweep device, this technique of data transmission is often times colloquially known as a “chirp”, because of what the transmission actually sounds like to the human ear. That combined with the “point to point protocol” abbreviation is what gave the project its name.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Visuino Tutorial: Long Distance Remote Light Sensor with RFM95W/RFM98W Makerfabs LoRa Shields
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqlOELdh7jE
Video tutorial on how to transmit and receive data from Light Sensor over long distance with LoRa modules connected to Visuino – https://www.visuino.com programmed Arduino UNO boards.
Tomi Engdahl says:
#134 15$ LoRa Gateway with ESP8266 and a RFM95
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZV_ZY-0Q1lo
In this video
- We will build a very small LoRa gateway using a RFM95 / RFM95W
- It even supports downlink and OTAA
- And all parts together do not cost more than about 15$
- Because it works with a ESP8266, we even have a wireless connection to the internet
- It is only single channel. But, because it is so cheap, why not build two or three on different frequencies?
- The build is very easy, because we can use a ready-made PCB, which is compatible with the Wemos shields.
- The optional Neopixels and the OLED display show us the traffic
https://github.com/SensorsIot/ESP-1ch-Gateway
Tomi Engdahl says:
Long Range Wireless Data Communicatoin using LoRa (Up to 10km Line of Sight)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=395EIYx3xdU
Wireless Module: LoRa – SX1278 UART Interface
Microcontroller: Arduino Mini Pro
Voltage used: 3.7V
Tomi Engdahl says:
LoRa on batteries: How long does it last? // Technology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nzej8lzwsY
Julkaistu 2.4.2017
LoRa is the best thing since sliced bread, but how long can it last on battery? Is this new long range technology just a massive current drain?
Find out in this video.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Build low-cost LoRa IoT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsKbJeeav_M
Tutorial video for WAZIUP european project
How to build a low-cost LoRa IoT device. Much more information on the github:
Low-cost LoRa IoT & gateway with SX1272/76, Raspberry and Arduino
https://github.com/CongducPham/LowCostLoRaGw
Tomi Engdahl says:
#118 LoRa / LoraWAN: How far does it really reach? How far the “normal” RFM69HW?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qcghiz246E
In this video I drive my car and test the range of LoRa and a RFM69HW module. How far do they reach?
Dragino Shield:
RFM69HW:
Whisper Nodes:
Tomi Engdahl says:
LoraWAN for Raspberry Pi with Worldwide Frequency Support
https://www.hackster.io/glovebox/lorawan-for-raspberry-pi-with-worldwide-frequency-support-e327d2
LoRaWAN LMIC 1.6 for Raspberry Pi with Dragino LoRA/GPS HAT or standalone RFM95W LoRa Module.