hen it comes to Internet of Things, connectivity to the internet is the primary area of focus. The sensors on the IoT devices, wearables and electronic devices need to get connected easily – preferably wirelessly. IoT LPWA market is expected to grow at an annual rate of 90 percent. It is expected that in 2021 the market size of about EUR 24.5 billion.
I earlier wrote about Sigfox LPWA system. It was pretty simple story. Now it is time to take a look at the competing technology LoRa. It is a more complicated, and maybe more interesting story.
LoRaWAN tries to bridges the gap between WLAN and cellular networks while allowing low power operations (sensors can work years with batteries). LoRaWAN is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) and allows for Internet of Things connectivity making way for secure bidirectional communication. LoRa offers good .
LoRAWAN and LoRa radio
LoRa system consists of two parts: LoRaWAN media access control and LoRa physical layer technology.
LoRaWAN is a media access control (MAC) layer protocol designed for large-scale public networks with a single operator. It is built using Semtech’s LoRa modulation scheme. LoRaWAN as a protocol is strictly for wide-area networks.
LoRa as a lower-level physical layer technology (PHY) can be used in all sorts of applications outside of wide area. No, you do not need a gateway for applications that don’t need to connect to Internet. You can easily implement simple protocols using LoRa, either with modules or with the chips themselves.
There are two options to use this type of radio technology: LoRa and LoRaWAN
- LoRa contains only the link layer protocol and is perfect to be used in P2P communications between nodes in the 868 and 900MHz bands. LoRa modules are a little cheaper that the LoRaWAN ones. For details Go to the LoRa Tutorial.
- LoRaWAN includes the network layer too so it is possible to send the information to any Base Station already connected to a Cloud platform. LoRaWAN modules may work in the 868/900/433MHz bands. For more details Go to the LoRaWAN Tutorial.
LoRa radio details
LoRa communications systems for IoT consists of LoRa (a chirped modulation format) and LoRaWAN (a MAC-layer protocol) . LoRa is a spread-spectrum technology that uses quite wide band (usually 125 kHz or more). Its frequency-modulated chirp utilizes coding gain for increased receiver sensitivity.
The great performance of LoRa in 3 features (good sensitivity, low path loss, good obstacle penetration) makes LoRa a disruptive technology enabling really long range links. Because LoRa receiver looks at quite wide amount of spectrum (so receiver gets much more noise than narrowband systems like SigFox), it needs to elevate noise due to a larger receiver bandwidth is mitigated by the coding gains. Practical link budgets are about the same for SigFox and LoRaWAN. For example Semtech SX1272 LoRa transceiver IC promises 157 dB maximum link budget. With more realistic sensitivity of -134 dBm and +14 dBm we get 148 dB link budget, that should be able to provide more than 22km (13.6 miles) in LOS links and up to 2km (1.2miles) in NLOS links in urban environment (going through buildings).
LoRaWAN data rates range from 0.3 kbps to 50 kbps (some chips can offer bit rate up to 300 kbps). To maximize both battery life of the end-devices and overall network capacity, the LoRaWAN network server is managing the data rate and RF output for each end-device individually by means of an adaptive data rate (ADR) scheme.
. The Semtech basestation architecture is designed to operate only at 850 MHz to 1 GHz. Most typically LoRa is used in 868 MHz (Europe) and 915 MHz (USA) unlicensed frequency bands. LoRaWAN modules may work in the 868/900/433MHz bands.
In radio communications at license free there are limits on transmitter duty cycles. In Europe, 863 to 870 MHz band has been allocated for license-free operation with transmission duty cycle of 0.1%, 1% or 10% (or other control means like LBT and AFA). At 868 MHz the duty cycle is 1%. For other regions, quite similar limitations apply.
There are also other recommendations, for example TTN Fair Access Policy limits the data each end-device can send, by allowing: An average of 30 seconds uplink time on air, per day, per device. At most 10 downlink messages per day. A good goal is to keep the application payload under 12 bytes, and the interval between messages at least several minutes (application packet size can vary between 51 bytes for the slowest data rate, and 222 bytes for faster rates).
LoRa has so far relied on unlicensed spectrum to provide connectivity for sensors used in smart meters, asset-tracking devices and other “Internet of Things” (IoT) networks, but it is also heading to licensed frequencies as well?. Mobile operators that have made investments in LoRa networks are now looking at using licensed spectrum to support the technology. Running the technology over licensed spectrum could help operators overcome one of the main drawbacks of the technology — the interference and congestion that can occur in unlicensed airwaves.“The only benefit carriers have is that they can guarantee quality of service because it’s a licensed band,” said the mystery mouthpiece. Going to other than ISM bands should not be a big problem, because for example The SX1272 LoRa transceiver covers a frequency range of 860 to 1,020 MHz and SX1276 transceiver spans a frequency range from 137 to 1,020 MHz.
LoRaWAN details
LoRaWAN includes the network layer too so it is possible to send the information to any Base Station already connected to a Cloud platform. LoRaWAN was designed for the centralized architecture of telecom operators.
LoRaWAN network architecture is typically laid out in a star-of-stars topology in which gateways is a transparent bridge relaying messages between end-devices and a central network server in the backend. Gateways are connected to the network server via standard IP connections while end-devices use single-hop wireless communication to one or many gateways. All end-point communication is generally bi-directional, but also supports operation such as multicast enabling software upgrade over the air or other mass distribution messages to reduce the on air communication time. For some more details, read Go to the LoRaWAN Tutorial.
In LoRa system both the endpoint and the basestation are relatively inexpensive. This is primarily because you can use the same radio for a receiver on the basestation and at the endpoint. Typically LoRaWAN basestation tends to be more expensive than the endpoint.
Advantages and disadvantages of LoRaWAN
Following are the advantages of LoRaWAN:
➨It uses 868 MHz/ 915 MHz ISM bands which is available world wide.
➨It has very wide coverage range about 5 km in urban areas and 15 km in suburban areas.
➨It consumes very little power and hence battery will last for long duration.
➨Single LoRa Gateway device is designed to take care of 1000s of end devices or nodes.
➨It is easy to deploy due to its simple architecture
➨It uses Adaptive Data Rate technique to vary output data rate/Rf output of end devices. The data rate can be varied from 0.3 kbps to 27 Kbps for 125 KHz bandwidth.
➨The physical layer uses robust CSS modulation (Chirp Spread Spectrum). It uses 6 SF (spreading factors) from SF 7 to 12. This delivers orthogonal transmissions at different data rates. Moreover it provides processing gain. LoRa modulation has constant envelope modulation similar to FSK modulation (easy for PA design)
➨LoRaWAN supports three different types of devices viz. class-A, class-B and class-C.
Following are the disadvantages of LoRaWAN:
➨It can be used for applications requiring low data rate i.e. upto about 27 Kbps.
➨LoRaWAN network size is limited based on parameter called as duty cycle. This parameter arises from the regulation as key limiting factor for traffic served in the LoRaWAN network.
➨It is not ideal candidate to be used for real time applications requiring lower latency and bounded jitter requirements.
Security is important. National wide networks targeting internet of things such as critical infrastructure, confidential personal data or critical functions for the society has a special need for secure communication. This has been solved in LoRaWAN system by several layer of encryption as detailed in this picture from LoRa Alliance.
The security model uses several keys: Unique Network key (EUI64) and ensure security on network level, Unique Application key (EUI64) ensure end to end security on application level and Device specific key (EUI128). Some discussion on LoRaWAN security can be found at Security of an IoT network using AES (LoRaWAN) web page:MIC (Message Integrity Code) for each message and the end-to-end (application to application) ciphering of the payload both use AES 128 bits key.
Pictures of some LoRa products
Here is LoRa dev board by Espotel.
Here is Jaakko Ala-Paavola from Espotel showing LoRa demo that uses their LoRa dev board and commercial LoRa gateway (also uses Node-RED to implement control logic).
The Things Network
The Things Network is a global, crowdsourced, open, free and decentralized internet of things network. The Things Network (TTN) comprises a number of internet connected LoRaWAN gateways deployed by enthusiastic supporters in a growing number of areas around the world.
Because the costs of LoRa technology are very low, the idea is that we do not have to rely on large telco corporations to build such a network. For example the city of Amsterdam was covered with only 10 gateways at the cost of 1200 dollars each – a single Gateway can serve thousands of devices. If you don’t already have local coverage, then you can deploy your own gateway and connect it to TTN. While gateways are expensive at around $500 each, many local funding opportunities exist.
Although the goal of The Things Network is to support for any protocol that can be useful for the community, the focus is currently on LoRaWAN. LoRaWAN is perfect for the Internet of Things as it is low battery, long range, and low bandwidth.
The Things Network is about enabling low power Devices to use long range Gateways to connect to an open-source, decentralized Network to exchange data with Applications and Platforms.
Gateways form the bridge between devices and The Things Network. Devices use low power networks like LoRaWAN to connect to the Gateway, while the Gateway uses high bandwidth networks like WiFi, Ethernet or Cellular to connect to The Things Network. All Gateways within reach of a device will receive its messages and forward them to The Things Network.
The network will deduplicate the messages. The Backend handles the received data.The aim is make the different backend components as decoupled as possible, so there is a clear separation of the responsibilities of each component. The Things Network’s different routing service components:
Gateway, Router, Broker, NetworkServer, Handler and Application
LoRaWAN is a “network-intensive” protocol, intensive in the sense that due to the simple and minimalistic approach for devices, the backend systems are responsible for most of the logic. Firstly, there are some Gateway-related functions such as scheduling and managing the utilization of the gateways. Scheduling is needed because a gateway can only do one transmission at the same time. The utilization information is used to evenly distribute load over different gateways and to be compliant with the European duty cycles. Another important feature is monitoring the status of each gateway. We also need device-related functions that manage the state of devices in the network: Addressing is such that device address are non-unique, so the network has to keep track of which addresses are used by which devices in order to map a message to the correct device and application). Other things the network must keep track of are the security keys and frame counters. The Handlers need to know how to interpret binary data, and bridge to higher-layer protocols, such as AMQP and MQTT. As The Things Network will be a distributed network, there has to be functionality that supports this distribution.
The default Handler implementation simply publishes a JSON representation of uplink messages to a topic <app_eui>/devices/<dev_eui>/up on an MQTT broker. This allows applications to simply subscribe to the same MQTT topic and process the data in any way.
EXAMPLE: From the following message, the application could for example see that the temperature measured by device 001122334455667788 was 12.86 degrees:
Topic: 0102030405060708/devices/001122334455667788/up
{ payload: 'BQY=',
fields:{temperature: 12.86 },
port: 14,
counter: 1234,
metadata:
[ { frequency: 868.1,
datarate: 'SF7BW125',
codingrate: '4/5',
...
longitude: 6.55738,
latitude: 53.18977 } ] }The public community network will probably stick with this API and format, but this behaviour can be easily adapted to other use cases. After publishing the uplink message to MQTT, the Handler will determine whether it is necessary to reply to the device with a downlink message.
In an open network with many different end-devices (nodes), which are not connected but just start sending when they need to (ALOHA-like protocol), and all have a different data need and connection quality, there are many limiting factors to keep things working.
The data rate and maximum packet size roughly depend on the distance to the nearest gateway and the type of data to be sent. For the European 863-870MHz band, the application packet size varies between 51 bytes for the slowest data rate, and 222 bytes for faster rates (LoRaWAN protocol adds at least 13 bytes to the application payload). When an end-device is far away from a gateway, it needs to use a low data rate to ensure at least one gateway receives its data. But a lower data rate implies a longer air time for each byte. For the European EU 863-870MHz ISM Band limits the duty cycle to 1% for data. For other regions, quite similar limitations apply. For 1000 nodes per gateway and dutu cycle limitations, we end up approximately 30 seconds per node per day. With this Fair Access Policy for 10 bytes of payload, this translates in (approx.): 20 messages per day at SF12 or 500 messages per day at SF7.
By default, gateways transmit with maximum allowed TX power (14 for EU-868). Every device has the same transmit duty cycle, gateways are no exception, so gateway must have less than 1% transmit duty cycle.
APIs
IoT device end: Semtech SX1272 LoRa transceiver IC provides SPI interface to communicate with it. RN2483LoRa module from Microchip connects over a serial interface.
The Things Network backend: The default Handler implementation simply publishes a JSON representation of uplink messages to a topic <app_eui>/devices/<dev_eui>/up on an MQTT broker. This allows applications to simply subscribe to the same MQTT topic and process the data in any way.
385 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
GitHub repository for code: https://github.com/akarsh98/Dragino-GPS-Tracker
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/electronichobycircuits/permalink/3823910684300279/
Hey everyone!
I came across LoRaWAN based GPS Tracker from Dragino. I program and Arduino to make the LoRa GPS tracker as well. All the data gets transmitted to The Things Network, I made a detailed video on this: https://youtu.be/eMcJaa_6CEM
LoRa removes the dependency of connecting the GPS tracker to the internet directly with a range of up to 10Kms!
Do take a look at the video and let me know your suggestions.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Build a Two-Way Pager With LoRa
https://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-life/hands-on/build-a-twoway-pager-with-lora
When you need to send data wirelessly, you have a lot of choices these days. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and cellular connections are some of the more common options, but a relatively new protocol is growing in popularity. LoRa provides low-power, low-bandwidth communications over medium ranges—between 2 and 15 kilometers, depending on how cluttered the environment is.
LoRa was created for the burgeoning Internet of Things, linking remote sensors and embedded devices back to centralized nodes using spread-spectrum transmissions. Data rates normally vary between 0.3 and 27 kilobits per second, with up to 50 kb/s possible: Slower data rates correspond to longer ranges. The original vision for LoRa was focused tightly on machine-to-machine communication, but its parsimonious power demands have made it attractive to tinkerers for other applications.
Of course, you can’t take a breadboarded circuit out into the world for field testing, so I designed a prototype printed circuit board that duplicated my breadboard design along with a battery and some control buttons.
The next step was to create a more refined design. The most obvious improvement was the screen, which I upgraded to a 128-by-64-pixel LCD. I also upgraded the microcontroller: I needed more computing power but wanted to stay within the Arduino-compatible ecosystem, so I went with an Atmel SAMD21 Cortex M0[PDF], which is used by a number of “post-AVR” Arduino microcontrollers. I also swapped out the AI-Thinker modules for easier-to-obtain RFM95W transceivers. The final design also includes a pager motor for silent operation, a 3-way navigation switch for operation, and an SD card adapter.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/electronichobycircuits/permalink/3932559523435394/
Full video: https://youtu.be/H07p6zvBavg
I made this video where I show the BLE and LoRa based indoor location tracker without internet or GPS. We look at the circuit and the working of this BLE tracker along with BLE beacons.
#LoRa #LoRaWAN #BLE
Instructables for the same: instructables.com/BLE-LoRa-Based-Indoor-Location-Tracker-Without-GPS/
GitHub repo: https://github.com/akarsh98/BLE-LoRa-Dragino-indoor-tracker
Tomi Engdahl says:
SparkFun Announces Cryptocurrency Move, Opens Pre-Orders for Nebra HNT Hotspot Miner Hardware
https://www.hackster.io/news/sparkfun-announces-cryptocurrency-move-opens-pre-orders-for-nebra-hnt-hotspot-miner-hardware-92194db5c2d3
New devices earn HNT cryptocurrency through “proof-of-coverage” in extending The People’s Network LoRaWAN infrastructure.
Tomi Engdahl says:
LoRa Technology Enables IoT
https://www.eeweb.com/lora-technology-enables-iot/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_campaign=link&utm_medium=EEWebEngInsp-20210211
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://forum.edgeimpulse.com/t/lora-lorawan-edge-devices-opinions/1294
Tomi Engdahl says:
Why LoRa Technology Should Be the DNA of IoT
https://www.mwrf.com/technologies/systems/article/21153865/semtech-why-lora-technology-should-be-the-dna-of-iot?utm_source=RF+MWRF+Today&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS210204037&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
This article explains how LoRa technology—a long-range, low-power wireless RF platform—is the solution to meeting the demand for an estimated 27 billion IoT connections by 2025.
Tomi Engdahl says:
IoT Hub’s LoRaWAN Button Packs GPS, BLE, and an Accelerometer Into a Compact Panic Button
Designed for locating the unit in an emergency, the LoRaWAN Button can run for up to a month at five-minute reporting intervals.
https://www.hackster.io/news/iot-hub-s-lorawan-button-packs-gps-ble-and-an-accelerometer-into-a-compact-panic-button-7e511dc53e59
Tomi Engdahl says:
Active analysis with the LoRaPWN utility showed a range of issues, “particularly dangerous [for] major infrastructure projects.”
Trend Micro Finds LoRaWAN Security Lacking, Develops LoRaPWN Python Utility
https://www.hackster.io/news/trend-micro-finds-lorawan-security-lacking-develops-lorapwn-python-utility-bba60c27d57a
Active analysis with the LoRaPWN utility showed a range of issues, “particularly dangerous [for] major infrastructure projects.”
Security researchers at Trend Micro have turned their attentions to devices operating on the LoRaWAN protocol, publishing their results along with a software defined radio (SDR) tool dubbed LoRaPWN designed to simplify the decoding of LoRaWAN packets.
Built atop the LoRa long-range low-power radio network standard, LoRaWAN is an increasingly popular communication system for distributed sensor networks and other Internet of Things applications. Its increasing popularity, however, comes with a downside: As its use grows, so too does its interest to ne’er-do-wells looking to break through its security.
“As it stands, these [LoRaWAN] devices do not have comprehensive security structures protecting them or the data they pass along. And unfortunately, LoRaWAN devices have been hacking targets for some time,” Trend Micro’s Sébastien Dudek explains. “Because businesses and local governments rely on this technology, a serious security risk can affect the bottom line of businesses or even the safety of citizens in a smart city.”
As part of its analysis into LoRaWAN devices, Trend Micro has created a tool dubbed LoRaPWN. Written in Python and designed for use with any GNU Radio-compliant software-defined radio (SDR) device, the tool offers the ability to parse and generate uplink and downlink packets complaint with the LoRa PHY, LoRaWAN 1.0, and LoRaWAN 1.1 specifications, brute-force the Over-The-Air Authentication (OTAA) procedure, decrypt and encrypt join-accept payloads, decrypt FRMPayload fields, capture packets, and more.
During its analysis, Trend Micro found a range of issues with LoRaWAN: “The LoRaWAN communication environment,” Dudek concludes, “is subject to bugs and vulnerabilities (memory corruptions, generally). The results of our investigation revealed that these types of vulnerabilities put data at risk, allow for unreliable reporting, expose companies to denial-of-service attacks, and enable arbitrary code injection.”
Trend Micro has not made LoRaPWN public, but LoRa Craft, the project on which it is based, is available on GitHub. Dudek’s write-up, meanwhile, can be found on the Trend Micro website, along with a link to a more detailed white-paper
https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/b/gauging-lorawan-communication-security-with-lorapwn.html
https://github.com/PentHertz/LoRa_Craft
Tomi Engdahl says:
A winner in Microchip Makes’ Smart Medical Design Challenge, Eivind Holt designed a LoRaWAN pill organizer that enables remote monitoring and reminders.
Microchip Digital Dosette
https://www.hackster.io/eivholt/microchip-digital-dosette-e6a8c8
A LoRaWAN pill organizer integrated with medical health record that enables care givers to monitor usage.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Swarm Takes LoRa Sky-High
https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/wireless/swarm-takes-lora-skyhigh
Traditionally, there hasn’t been a good option for connecting low-power, low-data devices to the Internet en masse when they’re in an area without good coverage. Satellite services tend to be expensive: Most cost on the order of US $1 to send the amount of data roughly equivalent to that in a text message. Hundreds of IoT devices sending equivalent amounts of data as status updates, multiple times per day or even multiple times per hour, would break the bank.
Swarm, a satellite start-up that uses CubeSats about the size of a grilled cheese sandwich to provide IoT coverage, has instead developed a satellite network specifically for IoT networks that would otherwise struggle to connect to the Internet. To do so, the company has adapted the popular IoT wireless standard LoRa, turning the terrestrial technology into a high-flying—and even longer-ranging—solution.
Swarm’s tiny satellites previously placed the company in hot water with the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) when Swarm launched four initial satellites without the agency’s permission. The FCC had denied Swarm the right to launch the satellites because of the agency’s concerns that the satellites were too small to be effectively tracked—but still large enough to cause serious damage if they collided with another object in orbit. As IEEE Spectrum reported at the time, the FCC gave the company the dubious distinction of being behind the first illegal satellite launch in history. After a US $900,000 fine and a compliance plan to make its satellites safer and easier to track, Swarm has begun to realize its LoRa-based satellite network.
Tomi Engdahl says:
IoT Devices Launches Low-Power Arduino-Compatible ATmega1284P LoRa Node Board
This $15 gadget boasts better specs than its ATmega328P equivalents, and comes with an on-board watchdog timer for ultra-low power sleep.
https://www.hackster.io/news/iot-devices-launches-low-power-arduino-compatible-atmega1284p-lora-node-board-1f775243e3f8
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12158-digi-laajensi-lora-verkkoihin
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/majordomo/permalink/10161843629564522/
Hi everyone!
I created a radio teletype Arduino sketch for LilyGo TTGO ESP32 platforms, using a custom encryption scheme (where each letter, as you type, is turned into five letters, and upon receipt, the five letters are again turned into one; this is done by way of a key which you should generate prior to using the system and which should be changed regularly). – This is nothing PARTICULARLY strong, yet for short texts it might be useful if you do not want to use LoRaWAN and do not want your traffic to be TOTALLY unencrypted, either. Enjoy, and for those many of you much more skilled than I could ever hope to be – kindly feel free to improve this humble contribution!
GitHub:
https://github.com/KedalionDaimon/LoRaESP32RTTY
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2021/06/26/lora-messenger-in-nokias-shell/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Off the Grid Messenger Provides LoRa-Based Communication in Remote Areas
Trevor Attema’s device packs an STMicroelectronics STM32H7 and Semtech SX1276 LoRa module inside an old Nokia E63 case.
https://www.hackster.io/news/off-the-grid-messenger-provides-lora-based-communication-in-remote-areas-1bbb8d45b497
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2021/06/06/qmesh-lora-mesh-networked-voice-communications/
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Features of the LPS8 LoRaWAN Gateway and the step-by-step approach to register the gateway on The Things Network have been discussed here. Have a look if you are looking to start your journey with LoRaWAN.
https://youtu.be/RSdvsrd7-v4
#LoRa #LoRaWAN #loraalliance #LPWAN #Dragino #lora #lorawan #lpwan #thethingsneetwork #iotsolutions #iotdevices #iottechnology #iotsecurity #iotconnectivity #iotdata #iotjobs #iotdevelopment #iotapplications #iot #security #cloudsecurity #aws #azure #cloud #electeonicsinnovation #veerusubbuami #Arduino #Arduinoprojects #ESP8266 #ESP32 #DIYProjects #Electronics #Electronicsengineer #embeddedsystem #microcontroller #Nodemcu #micropython #Power #india #data #network #cybersecurity #cloudcomputing #microsoft #devops #infosec
Tomi Engdahl says:
Run The Things Stack Network Server on a Raspberry Pi
Run your private LoRaWAN The Things Stack network server on a Raspberry Pi with balena
https://www.hackster.io/418437/run-the-things-stack-network-server-on-a-raspberry-pi-2dd613
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12537-iot-data-loralla-suoraan-pilveen
Digi International on esitellyt LoRaWAN-ratkaisun, joka on käyttövalmis tekniikka siirtää data IoT-laitteesta pilveen. Se tarjoaa liitännät, laitehallinnan ja datan muodostuksen skaalautuvalla Digi X-ON IoT -alustalla ja laitevalmistajalle nopeasti kasvavan LPWAN-tekniikan edut.
Kyse on samalla Digin ensimmäisestä LoRA-tuotelinjasta. Se perustuu yhtiön keväällä ostaman Haxiotin kehittämään tekniikkaan.
https://www.mespek.fi/digi-laajensi-lora-verkkoihin/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Penguino’s Latest STM32WL Feather Is a GPIO-Rich LoRa Dev Board
https://www.hackster.io/news/penguino-s-latest-stm32wl-feather-is-a-gpio-rich-lora-dev-board-33f8c1b27cf2
The board is based on Move Solutions’ MAMWLE SoM, which combines an STMicroelectronics STM32WL and Semtech SX1262
Tomi Engdahl says:
How to Build or Migrate Sensors and Gateways on TTN LoRaWAN V3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFprG2UuHrA
LoRa and LoRaWAN are remarkable technologies, they have a long-range and low power consumption and therefore are ideal for our sensor projects. Today I will show you how to build a LoRaWAN sensor and connect it to the open The Things Network in the new version 3. I will also show how you can migrate your infrastructure if you are already a user of the V2 network, where the deadline is this December. In the end, you even will get a surprise. A lot of exciting stuff!
Tomi Engdahl says:
RAKwireless Adopts the Raspberry Pi RP2040 in New WisDuo LPWAN LoRa Module, WisBlock Module
RAKwireless becomes the latest to throw its lot behind Raspberry Pi’s first in-house microcontroller, the dual-core RP2040.
https://www.hackster.io/news/rakwireless-adopts-the-raspberry-pi-rp2040-in-new-wisduo-lpwan-lora-module-wisblock-module-845c4469fa89
Tomi Engdahl says:
Raspberry Pi Silicon at the Heart of Long Range Communication Card
By Ian Evenden 4 days ago
Low power networking with the RP2040
https://www.tomshardware.com/news/rp2040-in-lorawan-module
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2021/10/26/add-mycelium-to-your-mesh-networks/
https://mycelium-mesh.net/category/mycelium.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
ESP32 LoRa Gateway
ESP32 with dual LoRa modules
https://hackaday.io/project/180766-esp32-lora-gateway
Hardware test platform for SX1276 driver development with the specific focus of supporting multiple radios from a single MCU.
Tomi Engdahl says:
The 4 Building Blocks for LoRa Networks
Nov. 9, 2021
This article introduces the four main elements of LoRa network architecture and discusses some of the most common challenges faced by designers while developing LoRa end-nodes. How can regulatory certified LoRa modules help overcome such challenges?
https://www.mwrf.com/technologies/systems/article/21180802/microchip-technology-the-4-building-blocks-for-lora-networks?utm_source=RF%20MWRF%20Today&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS211112080&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
What you’ll learn:
The four main elements of LoRa network architecture.
Some of the common challenges faced by designers while developing LoRa end nodes and how to work around them.
How regulatory certified LoRa modules helps overcome these challenges and reduces time to market
The LoRa network has four elements (Fig. 1):
1. End-nodes are elements of the LoRa ecosystem that gather sensor data and transmit/receive the data. They’re generally remotely connected and are battery-powered.
2. The gateway is a transparent bridge between the end-nodes and network server. Typically, end-nodes use LoRaWAN to connect to the gateway, while the gateway uses high-bandwidth networks such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, or cellular to connect to the networks.
3. A network serverconnects to multiple gateways. It gathers data from the gateways and filters out duplicate messages, decides which gateway should respond to end-node messages, and adapts data rates to extend battery life of end-nodes.
4. The application server collects data from end-nodes and controls the actions of the end-node devices.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2021/12/03/moon-bouncing-and-radar-imaging-with-lora/
Tomi Engdahl says:
LoRa-verkossa nyt mahdollista globaali verkkovierailu
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12960-lora-verkossa-nyt-mahdollista-globaali-verkkovierailu
LoRaWan on amerikkalaisen Semtechin alun perin kehittämä IoT-laitteiden radiotekniikka. Nyt tekniikkaa hallinnoiva LoRa Alliance ilmoittaa, että verkossa toimivien laitteiden NetID-ohjelmaa on laajennettu. Tämä tarkoittaa käytännössä globaalia roamingia eli verkkovierailua. NetID on LoRa Alliancen laitteille myöntämä 24-bittinen tunnus, jonka perusteella laitteen lähettämä liikenne voidaan tunnistaa. Tunnus on erityisen tärkeä roamingin osalta, koska kotiverkkonsa jättävä laite vaatii tunnisteen, jotta operaattorit tunnistavat omat laitteensa.
Kun NetID-tunnus toimii globaalisti, LoRa-verkkoja hyödyntävät IoT-toimijat voivat laajentaa verkkonsa, periaatteessa globaaliksi asti. Allianssin jäsenet saavat jatkossa NetID-tunnuksia jäsenyytensä perusteella. Ei-jäsenet voivat halutessaan ostaa lisenssin rajatulle määrälle NetID-tunnuksia.
Tomi Engdahl says:
LoRa expansion boards work with Raspberry Pi SBC and Raspberry Pi Pico board (Crowdfunding)
https://www.cnx-software.com/2021/12/08/lora-expansion-raspberry-pi-sbc-raspberry-pi-pico-board/
We’ve covered a number of LoRa solutions based on Raspberry Pi boards, and SB Components is now offering another with the LoRa HAT for Raspberry Pi equipped with an Ebyte E22 LoRa module operating in either the 433 MHz, or 868 and 915 MHz bands.
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Arduino Guide to LoRa® and LoRaWAN®
Learn the basics of LoRa® and LoRaWAN® and how to use them with Arduino hardware and software.
https://docs.arduino.cc/learn/communication/lorawan-101
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/13032-lora-laajenee-iot-dataa-satelliitin-kautta
Tomi Engdahl says:
James Bowman’s Chicken Coop Gets an IoT Upgrade From a Raspberry Pi Pico and LoRa Module
https://www.hackster.io/news/james-bowman-s-chicken-coop-gets-an-iot-upgrade-from-a-raspberry-pi-pico-and-lora-module-4b0dad0974c6
Solar-powered monitoring system tracks lighting battery level, temperature, and whether the door is open or shut.
Tomi Engdahl says:
LONG RANGE BURGLAR ALARM RELIES ON LORA MODULES
https://hackaday.com/2022/01/28/long-range-burglar-alarm-relies-on-lora-modules/
[Elite Worm] had a problem; there had been two minor burglaries from a storage unit. The unit had thick concrete walls, cellular signal was poor down there, and permanent wiring wasn’t possible. He thus set about working on a burglar alarm that would fit his unique requirements.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Wireless, Off-Grid, No-License Communication For $27.99 (LoRa Meshtastic)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DumgHz56IjI
The LoRa Meshtastic T-BEAM device are small battery powered devices that will mesh with other T-BEAM and send messages and other data from your phones, tablets and computers.
LoRa Meshtastic Range Test, Portable Relay & Your Questions – Off-Grid Communication
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwTy_-Y-A5o
Tomi Engdahl says:
If you missed Arduino’s interaction designer Sebastian Romero’s talk at The Things Network Conference, you can take a look at the recording and get some great insights into predictive maintenance with #LoRa tech.
https://youtu.be/lzwh-miU7pU
Tomi Engdahl says:
Give Your ESP32-CAM Board a Major Range Upgrade with This Low-Cost LoRa Add-on Module
https://www.hackster.io/news/give-your-esp32-cam-board-a-major-range-upgrade-with-this-low-cost-lora-add-on-module-d6a7f56a6650
Tomi Engdahl says:
Designed for use with the Helium network, but compatible with other LoRa and LoRaWAN connections, this universal logger packs in features.
ThingsLog’s Low-Power LPMDL-110X Data Logger Comes Helium-Ready, Offers 10-Year Battery Life
https://www.hackster.io/news/thingslog-s-low-power-lpmdl-110x-data-logger-comes-helium-ready-offers-10-year-battery-life-ccf1a2b50e83
Designed for use with the Helium network, but compatible with other LoRa and LoRaWAN connections, this universal logger packs in features.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Low-Power Snow Depth Sensor Monitoring for IoT Smart City Based On LoRa-E5 Applied in Norway
https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2022/02/18/low-power-snow-depth-sensor-monitoring-for-iot-smart-city-based-on-lora-e5-applied-in-norway/
Tomi Engdahl says:
These Arduino-compatible handheld kits transmit chat messages and GIFs over long ranges, encrypted for privacy.
CircuitMess’ Chatter Is a Build-It-Yourself Arduino-Compatible Encrypted LoRa Messaging Gadget
https://www.hackster.io/news/circuitmess-chatter-is-a-build-it-yourself-arduino-compatible-encrypted-lora-messaging-gadget-4745ed97ebcf
These Arduino-compatible handheld kits transmit chat messages and GIFs over long ranges, encrypted for privacy.
Croatian educational electronics firm CircuitMess has launched a do-it-yourself kit to build a private wireless communicator, capable of sending and receiving encrypted messages over a LoRa connection: Chatter.
“Chatter is a free, private, security-first texting device,” explains CircuitMess founder Albert Gajšak of his latest creation. “The main purpose of Chatter is education and showing people that you can communicate free and remotely without big corporations and the internet. Unlike your regular phone, this device does not need a cellular network or a SIM card to work because it creates its own wireless network and communicates with other Chatter devices you’ve paired it with.”
Tomi Engdahl says:
Globaalit LoRa-verkot ulottuvat Suomeen Digitan verkon kautta
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/13223-globaalit-lora-verkot-ulottuvat-suomeen-digitan-verkon-kautta
The Things Industries on maailmanlaajuinen LoRaWAN-verkkojen toimittaja. Nyt yritys on aloittanut yhteistyön Suomen LoRa-verkkoa operoivan Digitan kanssa kansainvälisten verkkovierailupalvelujen toimittamiseksi verkkojensa välillä. Kumppanuuden ansiosta The Things Industriesin asiakkaat voivat laajentaa IoT-palveluiden toiminta-alueensa Suomeen.
Digita on yksi Pohjois-Euroopan LoRa-yhteyksien toimittajista. Yhdessä Digitan kanssa The Things Industries laajentaa IoT LoRaWAN -verkon peittoa ja palvelutoimintaa kansainvälisesti. The Things Industriesin LoRaWAN-verkkopalvelun laajaan ekosysteemiin kuuluu satoja verkkoja ja satoja tuhansia laitteita eri puolilla maailmaa. Yhteistyön ansiosta tämä ekosysteemi voi hyödyntää luotettavaa operaattoritasoista verkkoa Suomessa.
Tomi Engdahl says:
An Off-Grid Makeshift Cell Network
https://hackaday.com/2022/02/21/an-off-grid-makeshift-cell-network/
When traveling into the wilderness with a group of people, it’s good to have a method of communications set up both for safety and practicality. In the past people often relied on radios like FRS, CB, or ham bands if they had licenses, but nowadays almost everyone has a built-in communications device in their pocket that’s ready to use. Rather than have all of his friends grab a CB to put in their vehicle for their adventures together, [Keegan] built an off-grid network which allows any Android phone to communicate with text even if a cell network isn’t available.
https://hackaday.io/project/183966-off-grid-lora-communicator
Tomi Engdahl says:
Invector Labs Launches a Long-Range Dev Board: The Challenger RP2040 LoRa
Designed for projects where Wi-Fi simply won’t reach, the Challenger RP2040 LoRa offers long-range connectivity.
https://www.hackster.io/news/invector-labs-launches-a-long-range-dev-board-the-challenger-rp2040-lora-91beb1fd3124
Tomi Engdahl says:
Digita kertoi kuukausi sitten LoraWan-pohjaisen IoT-verkkonsa laajentumisesta verkkovierailuominaiuuksin hollantilaisen The Things Industriesin kanssa. Nyt Digita on sopinut samasta asiasta ruotsalaistaustaisen Netmoren kanssa, jolla on toimintaa Ruotsin lisäksi Britanniassa ja Irlannissa.
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2022/03/16/langattomiin-iot-verkkoihin-lisaa-roamingia/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/13361-lora-anturi-valvomaan-suomen-saehkoelinjojen-kuntoa
Tomi Engdahl says:
LoRa-anturi valvomaan Suomen sähkölinjojen kuntoa
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/13361-lora-anturi-valvomaan-suomen-saehkoelinjojen-kuntoa
LoRaWAN-verkko-operaattori ja IoT-ratkaisujen toimittaja Digita ja GPS- ja IoT-laitekehityksen johtava toimija Digital Matter julkistivat tänään uuden LoRaWAN-verkoille suunnitellun IoT-asentoanturin. Industrial Guppy -mokkulalla voidaan valvoa sähkölinjojen kuntoa ja näin tehdä ennakoivaa kunnonvalvontaa.
Industrial Guppya on parhaillaan ottamassa käyttöön suomalainen sähköverkkojakelija Caruna, joka on ollut edelläkävijä tehokkaamman verkon ylläpidon kehittämisessä IoT-ratkaisujen avulla.
Kuvassa Digital Matterin Industrial Guppy, joka esiteltiin Yhdysvaltain LoRa-markkinoille jo vuosi sitten. Moduuliin on nyt tuotu tuki Euroopan LoRa-taajuuksille (868 MHz). Industrial Guppya voidaan käyttää kallistuksen havaitsemiseen myös monissa muissa kohteissa
Industrial Guppy voidaan integroida mihin tahansa IoT-alustaan, ERP- tai SAP-järjestelmään.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Meshtastic Mesh Device Nano Edition
https://hackaday.io/project/184664-meshtastic-mesh-device-nano-edition
A compact Lora device with high efficiency internal compact Lora PCB Antenna, ultra-low noise figure amplifier and internal GPS module. This
Tomi Engdahl says:
LoRa-Powered Birdhouses Enable Wireless Networking When The Internet’s Down
https://hackaday.com/2022/04/09/lora-powered-birdhouses-enable-wireless-networking-when-the-internets-down/
https://github.com/brucemack/WARS-Birdhouse
Tomi Engdahl says:
Semtech’s LoRa Edge LR1120 Packs Sub-GHz, Wi-Fi, and Satellite Connectivity Into a Tiny Tracker Chip
Offering cloud-powered geolocation from GNSS or Wi-Fi, this triple-band QFN32 chip offers a range of features for low-power asset tracking.
https://www.hackster.io/news/semtech-s-lora-edge-lr1120-packs-sub-ghz-wi-fi-and-satellite-connectivity-into-a-tiny-tracker-chip-61f7e0140f23