5G? IoT? Fiber Deep? 600G? We Are ready for networking at 2019!
For years we have all been talking about the emergence of 5G services, the Internet of Things (IoT) and the new high-capacity, low-latency network architectures that will be needed to support the resulting onslaught of bandwidth. Higher-speed data rates are critical to electronic evolution and revolution.
Here are some of my collection of newest trends and predictions for year 2018. have picked and mixed here quotations from many articles (linked to source) with some of my own additions to make this posting.
5G: The most newsworthy stories in wireless today are all about 5G. In 2019, we enter a cautious, early-adoption phase of this next generation of wireless technology. 2019 will be the year when we see the first commercial networks turning on and first handsets arriving in the market. Only a small number of users will get a first taste of 5G in specific geographic locations, using specific applications, none of which are ubiquitous or cost-optimized. For more details read my 5G trends for 2019 posting.
Deep fiber: Deep deployment of fiber optics into national network infrastructure might not be as glamorous as the eagerly anticipated launch of fifth-generation mobile networks (5G); however, it is just as important—maybe even more important. Wired broadband access supports as much as 90 percent of all internet traffic even though the majority of traffic ultimately terminates on a wireless device. Wireline and wireless networks are driving new architectures to support the move from 4G LTE to 5G infrastructure. In fact, 5G relies heavily on fiber infrastructure. Service providers in the access market are talking about the evolution of their plants to a Fiber Deep (FD) Architecture. FD architectures move the optical node (the optical-to-electrical conversion point) deeper into the network and closer to the subscriber. This means shorter copper, faster speed, more capacity and reduction in maintenance cost for both cable TV network and telephone line based access networks.
Ethernet: Faster Ethernet speeds are taken to use. These transitions are driven by the increasing global IP traffic. Hyper-scalers and service providers are moving from 100GbE to 400GbE Ethernet rates and beyond. In this speed development 56Gb/s And 112Gb/s SerDes Matter.
TSN: Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a set of standards under development by the Time-Sensitive Networking task group of the IEEE 802.1 working group. TSN standards documents that are specified by IEEE 802.1 can be grouped into three basic key component categories that are time synchronization; scheduling and traffic shaping; selection of communication paths, path reservations and fault-tolerance. Industrial Ethernet networks embrace time-sensitive networking (TSN) technology to integrate operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT).
SDN: Software-defined networking (SDN) technology is an approach to cloud computing that facilitates network management and enables programmatically efficient network configuration in order to improve network performance and monitoring. SD-WAN applies similar technology to a wide area network (WAN). SD-WAN allows companies to build higher-performance WANs using lower-cost and commercially available Internet access, enabling businesses to partially or wholly replace more expensive private WAN connection technologies such as MPLS.
IPv6: IPv4 and IPv6 are the two Protocols Run the Internet in 2019. The long-forecasted day the internet runs out of addresses has arrived and it marks a paradigm shift in the internet’s evolution. Though IPv6 has been available globally since 2012, it has seen a slow, if increasing, adoption rate. The migration to IPv6 is inevitable but will take time during that both systems are in use. In many networks a notable amount of traffic is already IPv6.
New Internet protocols: Internet security gets a boost with TLS 1.3. Also HTTP is in process of switching to a protocol layered on top of UDP. Today’s HTTP (versions 1.0, 1.1, and 2) are all layered on top of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) that is not very optimal in today’s applications as SSL over TCP requires subsequent round trips to establish the encrypted connection.
IoT: The IoT world is here, and the level and rate of convergence is increasing in volume and velocity. We will see the evolution of converged networks for IoT applications in mind. Network convergence (version 2.0) is here with changes and improvements made since the first converged network (Convergence 1.0). TIA TR-42 (Telecommunications Cabling Systems ANSI/TIA-568 family), BICSI (TDMM and others) and proprietary or third documents must adapt and adjust.
PoE: The IEEE 802.3bt standard, approved by the IEEE Standards Association Board on September 27, 2018, included some significant enhancements especially for LED lighting systems. This specification allows for up to 90W of delivered power for cable lengths of up to 100m through the use of all four pairs of wires.
Trade wars: It seem that there is a high tech “trade war” between USA and China. It affects specifically networking business. Big Chinese manufacturers Huawei and ZTE are have received sanctions and their products are not wanted by many countries citing their business practices and potential security nightmares. For example Japan to halt buying Huawei, ZTE equipment and Huawei has been under fire in UK, just to mention examples. It seems that the business that is lost by Huawei and ZTE could benefit Ericsson and Nokia in the 5G base station markets for short term.
Security: The internet is going to hell and its creators want your help fixing it. All agree on one thing however: Right now there is a serious battle for heart and minds, the future of the internet and global society itself. There seems to be need for a conference to address the fact that people increasingly see tech as a threat and no longer as a pure force for good. Government set to revise internal rules on procurement to protect national cybersecurity. Your DNS might be broken, and you don’t even know it. Some DNS old hacks gets thrown out of use by February 1st, 2019.
WiFi: WiFi technology gets new marketing naming. The numerical sequence includes: Wi-Fi 6 to identify devices that support 802.11ax technology, Wi-Fi 5 to identify devices that support 802.11ac technology, Wi-Fi 4 to identify devices that support 802.11n technology.
Faster mobile: Mobile networks are getting faster in many countries. Mobile networks are killing Wi-Fi for speed around the world. Average data speeds on mobile networks now outpace customer’s Wi-Fi connection, on average, in 33 countries. That’s the The State of Wifi vs Mobile Network Experience as 5G Arrives.
Energy efficiency: We need to develop more energy efficient networking technologies. Today, information and communication technologies globally consume 8% of electricity and doubles every year.
1,186 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
DARPA aims to make networks 100 times speedier with FastNIC
https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/26/darpa-aims-to-make-networks-100-times-speedier-with-fastnic/
Having a slow connection is always frustrating, but just imagine how supercomputers feel. All those cores doing all kinds of processing at lightning speed, but in the end they’re all waiting on an outdated network interface to stay in sync. DARPA doesn’t like it. So DARPA wants to change it — specifically by making a new network interface a hundred times faster.
The problem is this. As DARPA estimates it, processors and memory on a computer or server can in a general sense work at a speed of roughly 10^14 bits per second — that’s comfortably into the terabit region — and networking hardware like switches and fiber are capable of about the same.
Tomi Engdahl says:
California Officials declare Ham Radio no longer a benefit; Demands Ham radio repeater infrastructure to be Removed
https://offgridsurvival.com/california-officials-declare-ham-radio-no-longer-a-benefit/
California is severing ties to ham radio repeater owners throughout the state, jeopardizing the lives of millions of Californians who depend on these repeaters to operate during emergencies.
Last month, repeater operators were sent emails telling them the State would no longer allow them to operate repeaters on public land without paying substantial rental fees. In the letter sent by CAL FIRE, the state claims Ham operators no longer provide a benefit to the state or public safety. They claimed that “constantly changing technological advances” has made Ham radio obsolete during an emergency.
It costs the State of California nothing to allow these repeaters on public land; in fact, Ham Radio Operators pay for the equipment and maintain the equipment at their own cost. Ham Radio operators also make nothing from running these radio repeaters
Tomi Engdahl says:
For years, the potential value of delivering broadband Internet over power lines has gone unfulfilled. Now, Panasonic hopes its new technology will reverse these fortunes.
With New Tech, Panasonic Aims to Revive Interest in Delivering Broadband Over Power Lines
https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/standards/could-nextgeneration-broadband-over-power-lines-revive-interest-in-the-technology
Using radio frequencies to transmit data over existing power lines both inside and outside of homes has long promised to turn legacy cabling into a more attractive asset by delivering two essential services on a single wire. But broadband over power lines (BPL) has never achieved its potential, due in part to initial low speeds and unreliability, and concerns about radio interference and electromagnetic radiation.
One company that has continued to invest in and improve BPL since 2000 is Panasonic
In March of this year, the IEEE Standards Association approved the IEEE 1901a standard for BPL that covers IoT applications, and which is based on Panasonic’s upgraded HD-PLC technology.
HD-PLC (high-definition power line communications) is backward compatible with IEEE’s 1901 standard for BPL ratified in 2010.
“ARRL has received no report of interference to Amateur Radio from in-premise BPL systems that meet FCC rules and follow the industry practice of not using the Amateur Bands,”
The 500 Mbps maximum data rate designated in the 2010 standard operating in the 50 MHz range can now be doubled to approximately 1 Gbps when operating at around 100 MHz in the 1901a standard—though only in dedicated lines such as coaxial cables.
Tomi Engdahl says:
http://www.etn.fi/index.php/13-news/9999-yha-suurempi-osa-datasta-menee-julkisen-verkon-ohi
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://innovate.ieee.org/innovation-spotlight/uav-network-fanet-gateway-selection-drones-uavs/#utm_source=Facebook&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=Innovation&utm_content=Multi%20UAV%20Network?LT=CMH_WB_2019_LM_XIS_Paid_Social
An international team of researchers has designed an unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) network based on the networks used to coordinate self-driving cars. Referred to as a flying ad-hoc network (FANET), the system aims to bolster the performance and range of small drones, which are used in a variety of applications such as aerial mapping, disaster rescue, agricultural irrigation and military surveillance.
FANET is based on the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) wireless communication system created to help self-driving cars position themselves in relation to other self-driving cars in the area. In these systems, vehicles in the network are used as communication nodes. Similarly, in FANET, multiple UAVs are part of a cooperative system, which contains a sensor unit, a communication unit, and an information-processing unit.
Tomi Engdahl says:
JOPA 2,5 GBPS JOKAISEEN HUONEISTOON
GiaX Iris™ perustuu MoCA AccessTM -standardiin ja mahdollistaa jopa 2,5 Gbps downstream ja 2 Gbps upstream nopeudet.
https://www.finnsat.fi/news/75/finnsat-ja-giax-yhteistyohon-jopa-25-gbps-jokaiseen-huoneistoon
Iris™ toimii koaksiaaliverkon 400–900 MHz: n ja 1175–1675 MHz:n taajuusalueilla, joten se ei häiritse olemassa olevia DOCSIS ja TV (satelliitti, digitaali tai analogisia) -palveluita. Sen OFDM-modulaatio käyttää tiedonsiirtoon lukuisia toisiaan häiritsemättömiä taajuuskanavia yhtä aikaa ja 1024QAM -modulointitekniikka parantaa datankäsittelyn tehokkuutta.
Iris™ -tuoteperhe sisältää 1-24 RF-portin network controllerit ja modeemit.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dotweak.com/2019/09/02/why-in-november-2019-the-internet-will-face-a-shortage-of-ip-addresses-bWNsWkpGVmNsaEVmUDhNWWtidEtjZz09
Tomi Engdahl says:
If DARPA Has Its Way, AI Will Rule the Wireless Spectrum
https://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/if-darpa-has-its-way-ai-will-rule-the-wireless-spectrum
Tomi Engdahl says:
UC Engineers Break Distance Barriers for Fiber Optic Signals
https://www.bringingmorevalues.com/2019/10/09/uc-engineers-break-distance-barriers-for-fiber-optic-signals/
Scientists at UC Diego have increased the maximum power at which optical signals can be sent through optical fibers, breaking key barriers that limit the distance information can travel in fiber optic cables and still be accurately deciphered by a receiver.
In lab experiments, the researchers at UC San Diego successfully deciphered information after it traveled a record-breaking 12,000 kilometers through fiber optic cables with standard amplifiers and no repeaters, which are electronic regenerators.
The new findings effectively eliminate the need for electronic regenerators placed periodically along the fiber link.
Tomi Engdahl says:
BYU researchers extend WiFi range by 200 feet with a software upgrade
Their protocol doesn’t require hardware like mesh network routers.
https://www.engadget.com/2019/10/22/wifi-onpc-protocol/
The researchers, led by Brigham Young Unviersity, have dubbed the protocol On-Off Noise Power Communication (ONPC). While WiFi typically requires speeds of at least one megabit per second to maintain a signal, the ONPC protocol can maintain a signal on as little as one one bit per second. That’s one millionth of the data speed typically required.
The protocol does this by allowing WiFi-enabled devices to send wireless noise as well as data. According to BYU, it allows the device to send a series of 1s and 0s, essentially turning on and off its signal in a specific pattern. That’s enough to tell the WiFi router that the device is still transmitting something (even if no data is being received) and maintain the signal.
Tomi Engdahl says:
MIT Researchers Find In-Band Full-Duplex Trick for Faster, More Efficient Wireless Networks
https://www.hackster.io/news/mit-researchers-find-in-band-full-duplex-trick-for-faster-more-efficient-wireless-networks-66e6d31f1063
MIT researchers Kenneth Kolodziej, Bradley Perry, and Jeffrey Herd are among those who believe that adding in-band full-duplex capabilities to communications systems will improve their ability to operate in the increasingly-congested radio spectrum allocations while simultaneously increasing the efficient use of said spectrum allocations. The secret: where a traditional radio receives on one frequency and transmits on another, an IBFD system transmits and receives on the very same frequency at the same time — halving its spectrum requirement without harming performance.
The system works by coupling the output of an active transmission channel to that of an otherwise inactive receive channel on the same phased array antenna. Using a reference copy of the transmission, an adaptive cancellation algorithm filters out the transmission signal, any distortion, and the noise it creates — leaving the receiver with a clean signal to process.
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Satellite Phone You Already Own: From Orbit, UbiquitiLink Will Look Like A Cell Tower
https://hackaday.com/2019/08/26/the-satellite-phone-you-already-own-from-orbit-ubiquitilink-will-look-like-a-cell-tower/
But what if a regular phone could somehow leverage those satellites to make a call or send a text from a dead zone? As it turns out, it just might be possible to do exactly that, and a Virginia-based startup called UbiquitiLink is in the process of filling in all the gaps in cell phone coverage by orbiting a constellation of satellites that will act as cell towers of last resort. And the best part is that it’ll work with a regular cell phone — no brick needed.
The idea behind UbiquitiLink’s plan to fill in the dead zones is simple, and it’s based on the fact that space really isn’t as far away as it seems;
The satellites that will form the backbone of the UbiquitiLink network will be in a somewhat higher orbit — around 310 miles (500 km). Still, that’s not really all that far away (at least in terms of radio frequency propagation) over a path that is, for the most part, free from the attenuation caused by terrestrial obstructions.
UbiquitiLink has done the math and calculated that off-the-shelf phones have just barely enough RF oomph to connect to a satellite over a line-of-sight path, making a network of orbiting cell towers at least plausible.
Cellular networks are all based on multiple access methods
Although these networks may be approaching end-of-life in a 4G and soon a 5G world, UbiquitiLink’s efforts to spoof the system started with TDMA.
The problem with a time-division system is that the further a cell phone is from a cell site, the longer it takes for the RF waves to travel between the two. Even at approximately the speed of light, the delay can be enough for one timeslot to overlap into another. This requires a synchronization step that determines how far the phone is from the base, and if the phone is far enough away — about 35 km, or 22 miles — the signal will actually arrive too late for its assigned time slot. Even though the transmitter in the phone may have the power to cover more than 35 km, signals from that far away will be unceremoniously dropped.
Fooling Your Phone
This would seem to preclude the use of orbital cell sites, which will always be an order of magnitude further away than the furthest allowed connection. However, UbiquitiLink has patented a technique that amounts to false advertising on the part of the satellites.
UbiquitiLink’s orbital cell sites simply send a constant value corresponding to a tower that’s only 20 km away. The phone thinks it has locked onto a weak tower, but that’s OK.
UbiquitiLink’s modified cell tower software also has to adapt to the Doppler shift caused by the platform’s high speed. But aside from that, the orbital cell sites are pretty much the same hardware and software that would be installed on a terrestrial tower.
Mobile Connectivity for the World
https://lynk.world/
Lynk has built the first cell tower in space. Soon, everyone in the world will be connected, everywhere, with just the phone in their pocket. No new hardware required. No new software needed. The Lynk network will enable everyone with a standard mobile phone to stay connected … everywhere.
Today, only about 25 percent of the world’s landmass is served by cell towers.
Lynk is creating a global constellation of satellites to connect the phones in our pockets anywhere on the planet, all of the time.
Lynk’s technology will allow wireless carriers to connect existing cellphone customers to each other, anywhere on the planet. In the near future, you will have one device, and one plan, for connectivity everywhere.
Tomi Engdahl says:
The FCC has given its stamp of approval to T-Mobile and Sprint’s proposed merger, saying the deal will “enhance competition” and hasten 5G deployment. Those opposed say the merger defies common sense, creating a triumvirate of mobile giants that will “divide up the market, increase prices, and compete only for the most lucrative customers.”
https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-approves-t-mobilesprint-transaction-conditions
Tomi Engdahl says:
Maximum wifi transmission power per country
https://w.wol.ph/2015/08/28/maximum-wifi-transmission-power-country/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Mysterious Utility Box Shows Up In Resident’s Yard: ‘I Want It Removed’
https://denver.cbslocal.com/2019/11/04/aurora-utility-box-electrical-tower-yard/
wait till the new antenna on a telegraph pole goes up next to it, shes gonna freak out
Aurora: Mysterious Box In Woman’s Yard Is Power For A Small Cell Antenna
https://denver.cbslocal.com/2019/11/05/utility-box-power-small-cell-antenna-aurora/
Last week, Geneive Williams found contractors in her driveway installing the box. She tells CBS4 the men led her to believe it was a small cell tower which would eventually help build a future 5G network in Aurora.
Officials also say a letter was sent to neighbors, but the letter sent to this particular home was returned as undeliverable.
Tomi Engdahl says:
“There’s no place like 127.0.0.1 or ::1″
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Sketchy, Sketchy Case Of ICANN Execs And Self-Dealing Regarding The .Org Domain
https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20191125/23132643458/sketchy-sketchy-case-icann-execs-self-dealing-regarding-org-domain.shtml
For most of the past decade, the ICANN agreement regarding the .org TLD space had held that .org domains had a maximum top price of $8.25 per year per domain.
ICANN claimed that it was making changes to the .org contract to “better conform” with the base registry agreement that ICANN had with other TLDs, tons of which have come on the market over the past few years. However, seeing as the .org TLD is one of the oldest ones on the web, and which has generally been considered (though, not exclusively) to be used for things like non-profits and community organizations, many people were reasonably concerned about the lifting of the price cap. Indeed, in response to ICANN’s request for comment, the comments went overwhelmingly against the removal of the price cap.
But ICANN did it anyway.
And, then, just a few months later, the Internet Society sells off the registry to a private equity firm.
And it gets worse.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.ripe.net/about-us/press-centre/understanding-ip-addressing
Tomi Engdahl says:
Wi-Fi Range Extended By Nearly 200 Feet With This New Protocol
https://www.intelligentliving.co/wi-fi-range-extended-nearly-200-feet-with-new-protocol/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/wireless/with-darpas-spectrum-collaboration-challenge-completed-whats-the-next-step-for-spectrum-sharing-technologies
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_to_the_x
Tomi Engdahl says:
Build a Long-Distance Data Network Using Ham Radio
https://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-life/hands-on/build-a-longdistance-data-network-using-ham-radio
In 2013, I was looking at a protocol called NBP, used to create a data network over amateur radio links. NBP was developed in the 2000s as a potential replacement for the venerable AX.25 protocol [PDF] that’s been in use for digital links since the mid-1980s. I believed it was possible to create an even better protocol with a modern design that would be easier to use and inexpensive to physically implement.
It took six years, but the result is New Packet Radio (NPR), which I chose to publish under my call sign, F4HDK, as a nom de plume. It supports today’s de facto universal standard of communication—the Internet’s IPv4—and allows data to be transmitted at up to 500 kilobits per second on the popular 70-centimeter UHF ham radio band.
70-cm band permits long-distance links even when obstructions prevent line-of-sight transmissions.
I turned to ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) chips. These are transceivers designed to operate in narrow radio frequency bands that were originally allocated for noncommunication purposes, such as RF heating. However, the ISM band has become popular for communications as well because typically a license is not required for its use. In Africa, Europe, and North Asia, there is an ISM band lying inside the 70-cm ham radio band at 434 megahertz, so commercial ISM chips are available for this frequency.
around the Si4463 [PDF] ISM transceiver: It’s cheap, flexible, and available in many modules and breakout boards
widely available external 20-watt amplifiers for handheld radios designed for the European-developed Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) standard,
The ISM transceiver is connected to an Mbed Nucleo STM32 L432KC microcontroller, which uses an Arm Cortex CPU.
This microcontroller is in turn connected to an Ethernet interface, and it takes care of all the details of running the NPR protocol. Any connected PC or network sees the radio link as just another IPv4 connection with no need to install specific NPR software. The NPR modem can be configured over this link or via a USB connection. The total cost of the hardware is about US $80
The NPR protocol is based on a hub-and-spoke model, in which a central modem links several client modems. Currently there can be as many as seven modems, although I plan to expand this to 15. The theoretical maximum distance between a client modem and the central modem is 300 kilometers. This limit arises because NPR uses a managed time-division multiple access (TDMA) technique
NPR New Packet Radio
IP over 430MHz Ham Radio, up to 500kbps, 20W RF.
Extension for HSMM-Hamnet-AREDN. 100% open-source.
https://hackaday.io/project/164092-npr-new-packet-radio
Tomi Engdahl says:
FCC tries to bury finding that Verizon and T-Mobile exaggerated 4G coverage
FCC buries investigation’s finding in 5G press release, won’t punish carriers.
https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/fcc-tries-to-bury-finding-that-verizon-and-t-mobile-exaggerated-4g-coverage/?utm_brand=ars&utm_social-type=owned&utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=social
Tomi Engdahl says:
What is an HDMI cable with Ethernet?
https://www.quora.com/What-is-an-HDMI-cable-with-Ethernet
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Internet Lives in a Huge Hotel in Manhattan
https://www.wired.com/2015/11/peter-garritano-where-the-internet-lives/?utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=wired&utm_source=facebook&utm_social-type=owned&utm_brand=wired&mbid=social_facebook
THERE IS NO shortage of cool stuff to see on the Internet, but the Internet itself—the networks and servers and cables tying it all together—is pretty mundane. Peter Garritano discovered as much when he went behind the scenes at some of New York’s big Internet hubs to see how it all works.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Quadrature modulation: The signal behind digital communications
https://www.edn.com/electronics-blogs/fun-with-fundamentals/4462467/Quadrature-modulation–The-signal-behind-digital-communications
Tomi Engdahl says:
Broadcom Ships 25.6Tbps Switch on Single 7nm Chip
The monolithic chip delivers 64 ports of 400GbE switching and routing for hyperscale networks.
https://www.eetimes.com/broadcom-ships-25-6tbps-switch-on-single-7nm-chip/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Researchers develop cellulose optical fiber for sensing applications
https://www.cablinginstall.com/ip-security-av/article/14073361/researchers-develop-cellulose-optical-fiber-for-sensing-applications
Researchers at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland have reportedly created a wood-based optical fiber that transmits light in the 500 to 1300 nm spectral range.
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2019/12/03/valo-saatiin-liikkumaan-puukuidussa/
Tomi Engdahl says:
10-year fiber-optic sensors forecast exceeds $10 billion
https://www.cablinginstall.com/ip-security-av/article/14073271/10year-fiber-optic-sensors-forecast-exceeds-10-billion
ElectroniCast Consultants forecasts the market for continuous- and quasi-distributed fiber optics sensor systems to reach $8.47 billion by 2028, with point (local) fiber optic sensors forecast to reach $1.7 billion.
Tomi Engdahl says:
http://www.etn.fi/index.php/13-news/10256-cisco-yllatti-toi-oman-piirin-verkkolaitteisiin
Tietoliikenneyhtiö Cisco yllätti monet, kun esitteli oman strategiansa tulevaisuuden internetiksi. Yllätystä aiheutti ennen kaikkea se, että yritys julkisti oman verkkoprosessoriarkkitehtuurinsa. Silicon One -alustan myötä vanhasta verkkolaitetoimittaja tuli siis kerta heitolla puolijohdeyritys.
Uuden Internet For the Future -strategian myötä Cisco sanoo luovansa seuraavan sukupolven internetin, josta tulee suorituskyvyltään huomattavasti parempi kuin nykyinen verkkoinfrastruktuuri. Silicon One -piiritekniikkaa hyödynnetään heti uudessa Cisco 8000 -sarjan reititinperheessä, joka on maailman tehokkain operaattoritason reititin.
Cisco 8000 -sarjaan kuuluu ensimmäisen sukupolven reitittimet, jotka ovat rakennettu Cisco Silicon One Q100 -piirin päälle. Reitittimet on optimoitu käytettäväksi 400 gigabitin porttinopeudella ja sitä kovemmalla teholla. Laitteiston avulla yhteen räkkiin saadaan toteutettua 10,8 terabitin kapasiteetti.
http://www.etn.fi/index.php/13-news/10254-25-6-terabittia-sekunnissa-yhdella-sirulla
Broadcom on tuonut markkinoille uuden verkkoprosessorin StrataXGS-sarjaan. Tomahawk 4 -piiri tuo yhdellä sirulla ennennäkemättömän 25,6 terabitin kaistanleveyden. Lukema on kaksi kertaa suurempi kuin yhdessäkään markkinoilla löytyvässä Ethernet-piirissä.
Tomahawk 4 -piirit toteutetaan 7 nanometrin prosessissa. Piirillä on 512 kappaletta 50 gigabitin SerDes-liitäntöjä.
Tomi Engdahl says:
http://www.etn.fi/index.php/13-news/10255-nayttaako-telenor-mallia-huawein-kohtalolle-euroopassa
ettei Telenor päästä Huawein laitteita 5G-core-verkkoonsa. Core-verkon laitteet tulevat Ericssonilta ja Nokialta.
Tämä näyttää olevan varsin yleinen linja Euroopassa. Esimerkiksi Saksassa Huawei pääsee antenneihin eli radioverkkoon, mutta Telefonicaa lukuunottamatta se pidetään usein erossa core-verkosta.
Amerikkalaisten mielestä tämäkään ei riitä. Amerikkalaisanalyytikkojen mukaan 5G-verkoissa radio- ja core-verkon rajapinta hämärtyy, kun yhä suurempi osa laskennasta siirtyy verkon reunalle. Tämän takia Huawei-kiellon pitäisi olla totaalinen.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.internetgovernance.org/2019/12/11/icann-told-to-make-ethos-capital-conform-to-original-org-rfp-criteria/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.exfo.com/en/optical-explorer-tried-tested/?utm_source=BTR&utm_medium=email_blast&utm_campaign=BTR_broadband_FIP_KBB_122019&utm_content=FIP_KBB&utm_id=1ev7i6m.nknho
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.designnews.com/electronics-test/10-semi-electronic-device-tech-reveals-ieee-iedm-2019?ADTRK=InformaMarkets&elq_mid=11553&elq_cid=876648
10 semi electronic device tech reveals from IEEE IEDM 2019
2019 IEEE IEDM event reveals latest node chips, chiplets, memories for AI, densest thin-film batteries, 400Gbits/s silicon photonics, quantum computing tools and much more.
Silicon photonics
Very fast speed data races around within data centers via optical fiber, using silicon photonic (light-based) interfaces that operate at 100 Gb/s. But cloud data center traffic is growing at nearly 30% per year and there soon will be a need to increase the data rates. A STMicroelectronics-led team described a new silicon photonics technology platform built on 300mm Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) wafers, yielding devices that operate at 400Gbits/s (each device has 4 channels, each of which operates at 100Gbits/s, for a total of 400Gbits/s).
Optical coupling and polarization management are key requirements, and their devices incorporate a 60 GHz high-speed photodiode and a high-speed phase modulator. They also built devices with a supplementary SiN waveguide layer for higher coupling efficiency, to meet evolving data-transmission requirements. The researchers say the photonics platform has the potential to meet the requirements of applications other than data centers, too, such as automotive.
The image is a photo of the chip-on-board assembly of an analog front-end (AFE) function implemented in a 400G-DR4 optical transceiver using the technology, and (2b) are PAM4 signal eye diagrams at 106 Gbits/s per channel, used to measure high-speed signal quality.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Apple’s next big secret project could involve a fleet of satellites that may one day beam the internet straight to your iPhone
https://bit.ly/2PHkY7V
Apple is said to be aiming to deploy its satellites within five years.
Apple has about a dozen engineers working on a project involving satellites and wireless technology, according to a new report from Bloomberg’s Mark Gurman.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-20/apple-has-top-secret-team-working-on-internet-satellites
Apple Has Secret Team Working on Satellites to Beam Data to Devices
By Mark Gurman, 20.12.2019 klo 13.00.51
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The Apple Park campus in Cupertino, California.
Photographer: Sam Hall/Bloomberg
Apple Inc. has a secret team working on satellite technology that the iPhone maker could use to beam internet services directly to devices, bypassing wireless networks, according to people familiar with the work.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Nine companies met the FCC’s requirements to license a limited slice of radiowaves for this, but Amazon missed the November 2016 application deadline.
Amazon wants to skip a regulatory line to launch 3,236 high-speed internet satellites, but SpaceX is crying foul
https://bit.ly/2MdZ3D5
Tech companies like SpaceX, OneWeb, and Amazon hope to cumulatively launch tens of thousands of internet-providing satellites into low-Earth orbit over the next decade.
Nine companies met the Federal Communications Commission’s requirements and deadline to license a limited slice of radiowaves that are suitable for the task, but Amazon missed the November 2016 application deadline.
Motherboard reports that Amazon is now trying to bypass these hurdles in a direct appeal to regulators – but SpaceX, OneWeb, and other companies are lobbying hard against any leniency.
https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/5dmzyx/spacex-is-lobbying-against-amazons-internet-beaming-satellites
Tomi Engdahl says:
Bringing Legacy Fiber Optic Cables Up to Speed
https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/internet/legacy-fiber-optic-cables-speed-data-rates
Installing optical fibers with fat cores once seemed like a good idea for local-area or campus data networks. It was easier to couple light into such “multimode” fibers than into the tiny cores of high-capacity “singlemode” fibers used for long-haul networks.
The fatter the core, the slower data flows through the fiber, but fiber with 50-micrometer (µm) cores can carry data at rates of 100 megabits per second up to a few hundred meters—good enough for local transmission.
Now Cailabs in Rennes, France has developed special optics that it says can send signals at rates of 10 gigabits per second (Gbps) up to 10 kilometers through the same fiber, avoiding the need to replace legacy multimode fiber. They hope to reach rates of 100 Gbps, which are now widely required for large data centers.
Singlemode fiber came into use for long-haul transmission in the 1980s.
Today, singlemode fibers can transmit 100 Gbps on up to 100 closely spaced wavelengths, for a total of 10 terabits per second.
Multimode fiber remained the preferred option for local and campus networks because it was cheaper and easier to install wherever many connectors and reconfigurations were needed. Modal dispersion remained tolerable over a couple of kilometers for Ethernet that delivered 100 Mbps.
Cailabs is applying technology it developed to very precisely shape light beams. The technology aims the beam into a fiber so that essentially all the light is captured in one of the many modes the fiber can carry.
“Basically, it’s all about launching the right mode into the fiber,”
With all the light in one mode, there is no spread in the timing of pulses from modal dispersion, and the multimode fiber can transmit at the much higher data rates of singlemode fiber. “You have to be very precise, so 99.5 percent of the light will be in the right mode, and that’s very hard to do,” Morizur says.
Some 85 to 90 million kilometers of multimode fiber have been installed since 1980
Tomi Engdahl says:
Kumu Networks Launches an Analog Radio Module That Cancels Its Own Interference
https://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/kumu-networks-launches-an-analog-radio-module-that-cancels-its-own-interference
It’s a problem as old as radio: Radios cannot send and receive signals at the same time on the same frequency. Or to be more accurate, whenever they do, any signals they receive are drowned out by the strength of their transmissions.
Being able to send and receive signals simultaneously—a technique called full duplex—would make for far more efficient use of our wireless spectrum, and make radio interference less of a headache.
Kumu Networks, based in Sunnyvale, Calif., is now selling an analog self-interference canceller that the company says can be easily installed in most any wireless system. The device is a plug-and-play component that cancels out the noise of a transmitter so that a radio can hear much quieter incoming signals. It’s not true full duplex, but it tackles one of radio’s biggest problems: Transmitted signals are much more powerful than received signals.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Get an Overview of Your Used Bandwidth
https://blog.paessler.com/the-catcher-in-the-pie
Tomi Engdahl says:
IPv6 at a glance
Get your free cheat sheet now!
https://go.paessler.com/offer/ipv6-subnets-cheat-sheet
Tomi Engdahl says:
Most people access the internet, email, streaming, video/audio call via a mobile device using 4G/LTE. But the reality is over 95 percent of internet traffic routed via submarine Fibre-Optic cables.
End user devices are wireless.
Data and voice transfer via fiber optic cables are not only cheaper but also much quicker than satellites. Now, some companies are trying satellites to bring the Internet.
Originally only phone companies installed and managed undersea cables. But now, content providers like Amazon or Google have undersea cables too. The demand for high-speed internet is very high, & phone companies seem to have lacked money and vision. Hence, Google & co started their venture.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Crystal Lake Pay Phone Earns City $4 a Month
https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/crystal-lake-pay-phone-generates-4-dollars-a-month-in-revenue/161820/
Tomi Engdahl says:
LASER-LINKED SATELLITES COULD DELIVER ‘INTERNET FROM SPACE’
https://www.futurity.org/internet-from-space-satellites-2237252/
A new design could double the network capacity of future “internet from space” systems.
Satellites do not yet play a major role in the world’s internet infrastructure. However, this may soon be set to change.
Within the next decade, a new generation of satellites could lay the foundations for an “internet from space,” says Ankit Singla, professor at ETH Zurich’s Network Design & Architecture Lab. His team is investigating how to improve the performance of large-scale computer networks, including the internet.
Exploiting advances in cost-cutting technologies in the space sector, the new satellite systems would use thousands of satellites instead of the tens of satellites used in past systems. Laser light could then link these satellites to each other to form a network.
Tomi Engdahl says:
What is the Domain Name System (DNS)?
https://pentestmag.com/what_is_the_domain_name_system/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Russia starts testing its own internal internet
https://tcrn.ch/369XnCR
Russia has begun testing a national internet system that would function as an alternative to the broader web, according to local news reports. Exactly what stage the country has reached is unclear, but certainly the goal of a resilient — and perhaps more easily controlled — internet is being pursued.
Tomi Engdahl says:
1st internet message UCLA 50 years ago
50 Years Ago, the First Internet Message Was Dispatched from UCLA
Before there was Google or Facebook there was ARPANET, a rudimentary network that laid the groundwork for a revolution in technology
By Marielle Wakim -October 29, 2019
https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/internet-50-years/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Inside the installation of new undersea transatlantic cable
https://m.youtube.com/watch?feature=share&v=QfpNpQMYp8M
Cable began ushering in global communications. And now, tech giants are taking that undersea revolution a big step further.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Apple Has Secret Team Working on Satellites to Beam Data to Devices
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-20/apple-has-top-secret-team-working-on-internet-satellites
The iPhone maker is ramping up hiring, hoping for the initiative to produce results within five years.
Tomi Engdahl says:
the Industrial Ethernet market, key challenges, and its evolution for Gigabit, Time Sensitive Networking and 10BASE-T1L connectivity
https://www.techonline.com/electrical-engineers/education-training/webinars/4462460/Scalable-Industrial-Ethernet-to-Accelerate-Industry-4-0?utm_source=newsletter&utm_campaign=link&utm_medium=EDNPCBDesign-20191223
Tomi Engdahl says:
Apple eyes satellite internet for data project
iPhone maker looks at satellite options for beaming data directly to devices, according to a report.
https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-eyes-satellite-internet-for-data-project/