Electrical car charging cables

There is a growing interest and investment in electric vehicles infrastructure. To change those electric vehicles here are many different options how this can be done – with different benefits and disadvantages. The charging time depends on the battery capacity and the charging power. The charging power depends on the power available from the power source, the capabilities of your car and how your car is connected to the power source. There are also many different connectors in use (in both power outlets and in the car end). One of the disadvantages are that there are many options that can confuse users.

How does an Electric Car work ? | Tesla Model S

The simplest options that many people choose is to charge their electric vehicles from a domestic socket typically plug your car in overnight. Some electric vehicles have converters on board that can plug directly into a standard electrical outlet or they can be plugged to standard outlet with a special cable that has some active electronics in it (setting allowed load current and provide protection functions). Charging an electric vehicle is pretty easy if your car supports that option – just plug it in and wait.

Many people choose to charge their electric vehicles from a domestic socket typically plug your car in overnight (it can take all night to charge your car battery from empty to full). As a short-term or occasional solution, charging from the mains is fine. In longer term use, the problems are that that charging is slow that in some cases the old domestic outlets might not be able to properly handle the long term high current load the electrical car charging causes.

Another option is that you can charge your car at a public charging station or at home via a domestic socket or a specially installed charging point. You can charge your car much faster if you install a specially-designed charging point. Home chargers (typically 16-amps or 32-amps) can charge an electric vehicle from flat to full in 3.5 hours. Some are even quicker. The price of chargers depends on their power and efficiency. Typically you will use a charging station that provides electrical conversion, monitoring, or safety functionality.

Electric Car Charging, How long does it REALLY take?

Charging Your EV at Home

There is also a wide variety of electrical vehicle charging stations. An electric vehicle charging station is an element in an infrastructure that supplies electric energy for the recharging of plug-in electric vehicles—including electric cars, neighborhood electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids. Charging station is usually accessible to multiple electric vehicles and has additional current or connection sensing mechanisms to disconnect the power when the EV is not charging.

Charging stations fall into four basic categories:
1. Residential charging stations: An EV owner plugs into a standard receptacle when he or she returns home, and the car recharges overnight.
2. Charging while parked (including public charging stations) – a private or commercial venture for a fee or free, sometimes offered in partnership with the owners of the parking lot. This charging may be slow or high speed.
3. Fast charging at public charging stations >40 kW, capable of delivering over 60-mile (97 km) of range in 10–30 minutes.
4. Battery swaps or charges in under 15 minutes.

The charging time depends on the battery capacity and the charging power. The charging power depends on the voltage handling of the batteries and charger electronics in the car. The U.S.-based SAE International defines Level 1 (household 120V AC) as the slowest, Level 2 (upgraded household 240 VAC) in the middle and Level 3 (super charging, 480V DC or higher) as the fastest.

In Europe where 230V AC is used, the Level 2 type of charging is most commonly used. For normal charging (up to 7.4 kW), car manufacturers have typically built a battery charger into the car. A charging cable is used to connect it to the electrical network to supply 230 volt AC current. The charging cable can have active electronics in it to provide car the information how much current it can draw from outlet and some protective electronics (ground fault protector, over current protector, connector over-heating protection etc.). The Type 2 connector is suitable for slow, fast and rapid charging.

For quicker charging (22 kW, even 43 kW and more), manufacturers have chosen two solutions:
1. Use the vehicle’s built-in charger, designed to charge from 3 to 43 kW at 230 V single-phase or 400 V three-phase.
2. Use an external charger, which converts AC current into DC current and charges the vehicle at 50 kW (e.g. Nissan Leaf) or more (e.g. 120-135 kW Tesla Model S).

Different charging modes:

Mode 1: Domestic socket and extension cord. The vehicle is connected to the power grid through standard socket-outlets present in residences, which depending on the country are usually rated at around 10 A. You are merely connecting a car to the mains using a wire, with no method of controlling current/voltage drawn or utilizing any extra safety features. The the electrical installation must comply with the safety regulations and must have an earthing system, a circuit breaker to protect against overload and an earth leakage protection. This is nowadays very rarely used option.

Mode 2: Domestic socket and cable with a protection device. Mode 2 cables build upon Mode 1 to provide more safety and control. The vehicle is typically still connected to the main power grid via normal household socket-outlets. Charging can be done via a single-phase or three-phase network. A protection device is built into the cable. They feature some inline circuitry to help communicate with the car and dictate how much current is being pumped into the battery pack – they try to set charging current to match the capabilities of the car and the electrical outlet type used for charging. Typical protective functionality provided are ground fault protection, current sensors which monitor the power consumed (maintain the connection only if the demand is within a predetermined range) and additional physical “sensor wires” which provide a feedback signal (SAE J1772 and IEC 62196 schemes).

Mode 3: Specific socket on a dedicated circuit. The vehicle is connected directly to the electrical network via specific socket and plug and a dedicated circuit. A control and protection function is also installed permanently in the installation. Mode 3 is when things start to get clever, allowing the car and charging point to talk to one another. What this means is that electric cars can instruct the charging point to turn off the power when the battery is fully charged and also allow the car to evaluate a charging point’s capacity – changing the speed with which the car will be charged. Typically, these are wall-box type units.

Mode 4: Direct current (DC) connection for fast recharging. The electric vehicle is connected to the main power grid through an external charger. Control and protection functions and the vehicle charging cable are installed permanently in the installation.

Electric Vehicle Charging – Part 1/2

Electric Vehicle Charging – Part 2/2

Cables and connectors for electronics vehicle charging can be confusing. There are many connector and cable types. Electric car charging cables aren’t as simple as you may expect. Not only are there multiple types of plugs and connectors but there are different modes of operation, too. Modes of operation are a little different to plug/connector design, as they affect what these are capable of. There is no set world-wide standard for all car makers to follow.

Charging cable and plug types article gives an overview of all relevant charging cable and plug types for electric mobility. Using the right combination of cables for your EV is needed to charge it properly and quickly.

Put simply, an electric car charging cable is made up of three parts: a connector which plugs into your car, a length of wire and another plug which connects into a power source. That’s applies to most of the charging cable except type 2. Those wire only cables do without any electronics or rely on larger electronics at both ends of the cable, such as a wall-box.

There are two types of charging cables for electric cars: The mode 2 charging cable and the mode 3 charging cable. The mode 2 charging cable that fits into any standard domestic socket. The mode 3 charging cable is the connection cable between the electric car and the charging station.

The mode 2 charging cable is on that is the one that usually delivered with the vehicle ex works and fits into any standard domestic socket.
Mode 2 charging uses a cable that has circuitry in between both ends of the cable. Communication between the charging connection and the electric car takes place via a box which, which acts as intermediary between the vehicle and the connection plug (ICCB, in-cable control box). In case of charging from normal mains plug, the box on the type 2 cable tells the car how much current it can take from the mains outlet and tries to disconnect mains power to car if something seems to be going wrong.

Having many types of different connectors in electrical vehicles can be a problem for users. The EU realiszed this and back in 2014 brought into effect legislation that stated all new plug-in vehicles and charging points must include a ‘Type 2′ charging connector. The IEC 62196 Type 2 connector (commonly referred to as mennekes) is used for charging electric cars within Europe. The connector is circular in shape, with a flattened top edge and originally specified for charging battery electric vehicles at 3–50 kilowatts. Electric power is provided as single-phase or three-phase alternating current (AC), or direct current (DC).

The connector contains seven contact places: two small and five larger. Two small contacts are used for communications. Communication takes place over the signalling pins between the charger, cable, and vehicle to ensure that the highest common denominator of voltage and current is selected. The large pins are used for power and ground connections somewhat differently depending on the charging mode.

Although an EU-wide agreement regarding a universal plug system exists, there are still some points to note if you are thinking of purchasing an electric car. For example, you will need the right charging cable if you want to charge your e-vehicle at home or at public charging points.

Types of Electric Car Charging Cables

Type 2 (Mode 3) cable explained

Charging Adapters

You might be interested to see what is inside those charging stations and charging cables. Here are videos to see what is inside different electrical car charging systems.

Inside an electric vehicle charger interface.

Delta Energy Systems 3.3kw Ev Charger teardown

eFIXX – Teardown – Whats inside a ROLEC Wallpod electric vehicle charger? (Rolec EV Charger)

Chinese Level 2 EV charger tear down

“Amazing-E EVSE” – Review and Look Inside

Aliexpress 32A (7kW) portable EV chargers ( EVSE ) Zencar, Khons

Ohme smart EV charging cable ( EVSE )

316 Comments

  1. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Energy Storage Systems Boost EV Fast-Charger Infrastructure (Part 1)
    With the EV market expected to dramatically rise in the near future, questions arise regarding how the electric grid can handle the load. Part 1 of this two-part series looks at the keys to building an infrastructure using energy storage systems.
    https://www.electronicdesign.com/markets/automotive/whitepaper/21131625/energy-storage-systems-boost-ev-fastcharger-infrastructure-part-1

    Energy Storage Systems Boost EV Fast-Charger Infrastructure (Part 2)
    In Part 2 of this two-part series, we will analyze the critical components of the charging station and how to address the specific challenges that arise in design.
    https://www.electronicdesign.com/markets/automotive/whitepaper/21133277/energy-storage-systems-boost-ev-fastcharger-infrastructure-part-2?utm_source=EG+ED+Auto+Electronics&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS200608042&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R

    Reply
  2. Tomi Engdahl says:

    What many have called inevitable has finally happened.

    Nissan Transitions To CCS For US And Europe, Dealing CHAdeMO A Fatal Blow
    https://insideevs.com/news/433929/nissan-switches-to-ccs-in-us-europe/

    When the 2021 Nissan Ariya launches in the US and Europe next year, it will come equipped with a CCS (Combo) inlet, as the brand moves away from CHAdeMO in those markets. The Nissan LEAF and the Mitsubishi Outlander plug in hybrid are currently the only two EVs available in the US that use CHAdeMO, and the LEAF doesn’t appear in Nissan’s future plans.

    For a while, it appeared as EVs from the Asian auto manufacturers would use the CHAdeMO standard, US and European OEMs would use CCS and Tesla would use their own proprietary connector. However, even Tesla has modified its connector use recently and new Tesla Model 3s now use the Combo plug in Europe. 

    Also, over the past few years as Japanese and South Korean automakers introduced their new electric offerings, one by one they came equipped with CCS inlets. Kia’s first electric offering the Soul EV used the CHAdeMO standard. However, in 2019 when the 2nd generation Soul EV was introduced, it switched to CCS. Kia also uses CCS for the Niro EV. Honda’s only all-electric offering, the Clarity also uses CCS, as does the Hyundai Kona Electric.

    Therefore, Nissan and Mitsubishi were basically alone on CHAdeMO island, and the writing was on the wall. 

    The Combined Charging System, (also called Combo and CCS) “combines” the AC and DC charging pins. There are actually two different CCS standards, Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 is used in the US and employs the J1772 connector for 120v and 240v AC charging. In Europe, the Type 2 connector is used for AC charging so the upper portion of the Combo plug is different. The illustration above demonstrates the differences in Type 1 and Type 2 Combo connectors. 

    It is worth noting that Nissan will continue to use CHAdeMO in Japan since the country is completely blanketed with CHAdeMO stations. In fact, all EVs use CHAdeMO in Japan, even Tesla vehicles, via a CHAdeMO adapter. Tesla also offers a Type 2 Combo adapter for Europe, but as of yet, there is no Tesla Type 1 Combo adapter for the US market. 

    Reply
  3. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Commentary: Nissan ends war over electric-car charging standards, as Tesla stands apart
    https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1128906_nissan-electric-car-charging-standards-tesla-stands-apart

    Nissan has been the biggest longtime booster of CHAdeMO—the Beta of the charging world—which originated in Japan and from the get-go was capable of more than CCS is to this day, such as with bi-directional charging. But with Nissan’s announced shift to CCS in the upcoming Ariya electric crossover for the U.S. and Europe, CCS wins, heading into the 2020s, as the single standard for EV fast charging outside of the Tesla ecosystem.

    Some might say the writing has been on the wall ever since U.S. and German automakers allied in the formation of CCS in 2011. But most will agree the victory happened back in 2017, when Hyundai moved to standardize around the CCS format with its current electric vehicles, and even Honda chose to introduce its Clarity Electric with CCS.

    That doesn’t spell the end for CHAdeMO.

    What it does signal is the likely end of the road for a decade-long expansion of U.S. CHAdeMO DC fast-charging infrastructure that cost Nissan tens of millions of dollars.

    Nissan last year said that it has installed more than 2,000 DC fast-charging connectors across the U.S. At that time it had spent more than $60 million on charging installations in the U.S., much of that DC fast charging.

    Last August, with EVgo, Nissan committed to 200 more 100-kw-capable CHAdeMO-format fast chargers across the U.S. In a quick scan of EVgo, PlugShare, and Chargeway apps, it appears that only a few of those are online 11 months later.

    All this continued effort into multiple standards isn’t going to be seen as value-added years from now.

    And if you look at the numbers today, CCS is still not the dominant standard by chargers or connectors.

    According to the U.S. DOE Alternative Fuels Data Center, as of July 15, 2020, CHAdeMO still holds the lead by 179 stations—meaning you likely have more locations to choose

    But in terms of connectors at those stations, CCS already has a strong lead—with 5,150 total charging connectors, more than 1,000 ahead of CHAdeMO.

    But don’t rush to call any vehicle that uses CCS the victor in this standards war.

    Tesla beats both of the standards in a tally of charging connectors. And while its number of charging-station locations is far less than that of the other standards, the ability of its vehicles to use one or both of the other standards, depending on the model and the adapter—and with Tesla connectors offered at some non-Tesla chargers—makes them above and beyond the most flexible when it comes to fast-charging.

    It’s a reminder the standards war isn’t actually over in the U.S. That leaves us with a new, more 21st-century comparison. Tesla Supercharging uses CCS2 in Europe, but in the U.S. it’s a closed ecosystem—the Apple iOS, perhaps, versus CCS as the Android.

    If Tesla could jump on CCS in the U.S., too, we’d all be winners.

    Reply
  4. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Taloyhtiöt eivät innostu rakentamaan sähköautoille latauspisteitä – monille autoilijoille on yhä epäselvää, miksei tavallista sähkötolppaa voi käyttää
    https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11560183

    – Monet tutkimukset osoittavat, että ihmiset haluavat mieluiten ladata autonsa kotona tai työpaikoilla, eli siellä missä auto seisoo pitempiä aikoja, sanoo Tapio Haltia.

    Yle Uutiset kertoi jo pari vuotta sitten, että taloyhtiöt ovat varautuneet huonosti sähkö- ja hybridiautojen tuloon.

    Monissa taloyhtiössä painavat peruskorjaukset päälle ja siksi rahaa ei haluta käyttää sähköjärjestelmien uusimiseen pysäköintipaikoilla. Monen mielestä latauspisteistä hyötyisi mahdollisesti vain muutama asukas.

    Reply
  5. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Taloyhtiöt eivät innostu rakentamaan sähköautoille latauspisteitä – monille autoilijoille on yhä epäselvää, miksei tavallista sähkötolppaa voi käyttää
    Latausta ei suositella tavallisesta pysäköintipaikan sähkötolpasta.
    https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11560183

    Reply
  6. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Electric car chargers aren’t chargers at all – EVSE Explained
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMxB7zA-e4Y

    Catchy title! But it’s mostly true!

    Reply
  7. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Kysy TM-toimitukselta: Voiko sähköautoa tai lataushybridiä ladata jatkojohdolla, jopa jalkakäytävän yli?
    https://tekniikanmaailma.fi/kysy-tm-toimitukselta-voiko-sahkoautoa-tai-lataushybridia-ladata-jatkojohdolla-jopa-jalkakaytavan-yli/

    Reply
  8. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Earthing systems, EV charging connection options and open PEN detection devices.
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZVx7GbAwlg

    Earthing systems and what options are available when installing an electric vehicle charging unit.
    Does TN-S really exist?
    TN-C-S broken PEN conductor problems and the 5 possible solutions given in BS7671.
    Do the various devices available to detect fault conditions actually work?
    Problems when using TT at a location which has a TN-C-S installation.

    Well done John! That is the most comprehensive overview of the subject I’ve seen and illustrates the rather dry regs surrounding this confusing issue. I think it raises more questions and concerns but it does highlight the complexity! Hope the IET watch it!

    Reply
  9. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Sähköauton lataamisessa edellytetään vikavirtasuojan käyttöä suojaamaan ladattavaa ajoneuvoa. Tätä varten edellytetään, että kaikki erityisesti sähköajoneuvojen lataamiseen tarkoitetut pistorasiat suojataan mitoitustoimintavirraltaan enintään 30 mA vikavirtasuojalla.
    https://stek.fi/question/voiko-sahkoautoa-ladata-pistorasiasta-jossa-ei-ole-vikavirtasuojaa/

    Reply
  10. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Webaston latausasemissa on aina sisäänrakennettu 6 mA:n tasavikavirran tunnistus, joten latausaseman suojaukseen riittää A-tyypin vikavirtasuoja. Tasajännitteentunnistus ja A-tyypin vikavirtasuoja vastaavat turvallisuudeltaan samaa kuin pelkkä B-tyypin vikavirtasuoja. A-tyypin vikavirtasuoja on hinnaltaan murto-osa (noin 30€) verrattuna B-tyypin vikavirtasuojaan (tyypillisesti yli 200€).
    https://webastolataus.fi/lataus-faq/

    Reply
  11. Tomi Engdahl says:

    What You Need to Know About Charging Before You Buy an EV
    https://spectrum.ieee.org/transportation/advanced-cars/what-you-need-to-know-about-charging-before-you-buy-an-ev

    One of the first questions people ask about electric cars is usually, “Where can I charge it?”

    The answer is most often, “Wherever you park your car.” A 2013 study by Carnegie Mellon University researchers calculated that 79 percent of U.S. households have dedicated off-street parking for at least some of their vehicles, almost always within a few meters of an electric supply that will provide for overnight recharging (circumstances vary in other countries). Electric-vehicle drivers quickly learn to plug in their electric cars after the last journey of the day.

    Reply
  12. Tomi Engdahl says:

    A closer look at on-board charger design for EVs
    https://www.edn.com/a-closer-look-at-on-board-charger-design-for-evs/

    The trend toward electrification in the automotive sector is gathering pace. This is accelerated not only by the limits for exhaust emission values, but also by subsidy programs. A core element of these vehicles is the battery charging system, also known as the on-board charger (OBC). With these systems, the battery can be charged at a standard household connection or at a commercial wallbox.

    Depending on the vehicle class, charging systems with up to 22 kW loading power can be installed. This high charging power is required for an acceptable charging time. The use of chargers in the vehicle places very high-quality requirements on suppliers of electronic components.

    The OBCs of up to 22 kW—400 VAC input, 500 VDC output—rely on semiconductor solutions in power modules due to their high-power density. By using modules specifically designed for the charger, it’s possible to achieve high system efficiency, and at the same time, high power density.

    In today’s electric vehicles (EVs), a high power OBC is required to charge the large capacity battery pack in a short period of time. The 22-kW OBCs work with a three-phase input voltage in the range of 340 VAC to 480 VAC and provide an output voltage range of 250 to 500V with a maximum current of approximately 50 A. The input stage uses a T-type Vienna rectifier that meets the requirements for harmonic and reactive power, yet allows the charger to operate over a wide input voltage range. The output voltage is controlled by an isolated resonant converter with asynchronous rectification.

    The topology example shown here works with a virtual zero potential, which allows the DC voltage to be divided into two symmetrical stages. With this approach, it’s possible to use 650-V silicon MOSFETs for the main DC/DC stage, rather than the costly 1,200-V SiC devices required by other topologies.

    The use of the T-type Vienna rectifier also implements the required power factor correction (PFC). However, the boost topology used here cannot limit the high inrush current occurring when the charger starts. The DC link of the device is stabilized by a relatively large capacitor bank to support both the switching operations of the PFC stage and the DC/DC converter.

    Depending on the requirements, voltage-resistant aluminum electrolytic or foil capacitors are usually used here. This inrush current must be limited by an active protection circuit to prevent overloading of both the semiconductors and the capacitors.

    A parallel connection of thyristors and PTC thermistors serves as the required protective circuit in this case. The special behavior of the thermistors—sharply increasing resistance at high temperature—limits the input current. This ensures that the charging system is switched on safely. When the DC-link voltage is stable at the desired level, the two thyristors are triggered in order to route the required charging power past the PTC current limiters.

    The active rectification of the three-phase current is achieved by the special Vienna topology of diodes and MOSFETs. This circuit corrects the power factor and prevents losses due to reactive power from the capacitive load.

    The two resonant transformers are driven by a MOSFET H-bridge with a switching frequency in the range of 150 to 250 kHz.

    The challenge with this topology is to optimize the circuitry of the two resonant transformers for all operating points to minimize interference to the input and output voltages.

    The semiconductors used in the circuit can be integrated very efficiently and, in a space-saving manner into the power modules. The internal design of the modules places great emphasis on minimizing any disturbance variables such as capacitances or inductances.

    Reply
  13. Tomi Engdahl says:

    This Robot Automatically Plugs in a Tesla Charger
    Pat Larson built this robot that uses machine learning to plug his Tesla Wall Connector charger into his car.
    https://www.hackster.io/news/this-robot-automatically-plugs-in-a-tesla-charger-b7ec88f3cfb2

    Reply
  14. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Aliexpress 32A (7kW) portable EV chargers ( EVSE ) Zencar, Khons
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jT8IsAd9ea0

    A look at two cheap 32 amp /7kW EV charger ( EVSE) units from Aliexpress.
    Both cost around US$330 (GBP260). You may or may not get charged import duty/VAT

    Reply
  15. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Electric car chargers aren’t chargers at all – EVSE Explained
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMxB7zA-e4Y

    Catchy title! But it’s mostly true! There’s a pinned comment you might want to read, as well. But there’s some links down here, too.

    Reply
  16. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Sähköautojen teholataus vaatii paljon elektroniikalta
    Julkaistu: 09.07.2021
    https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12353-sahkoautojen-teholataus-vaatii-paljon-elektroniikalta

    Sähköautojen latausjärjestelmissä ollaan siirtymässä 400 voltin jännitteistä kilovolttiin, ja lataustehoissa 50 kilowatin tehosta 350 kilowattiin. Tämä on ainoa keino lyhentää käytännön latausajat alle 20 minuuttiin. Suuremmat jännite- ja virtatasot lyhentävät latausaikoja, mutta lisäävät samalla järjestelmien turvallisuusriskejä ja suunnittelun haasteita.

    Suurjännitekontaktorit tarjoavat turvallisen piirin jatkuvuuden, kun taas sulakkeita tarvitaan rinnakkain piirin suojaamiseksi vaarallisen oikosulkutapahtuman sattuessa. Jännite- ja virtatasojen nousu ei vain vaadi kontaktoreita, joilla on korkeammat katkaisuominaisuudet, vaan tekee kontaktorin ja sulakeparin tekemisestä teknisesti haastavamman.

    Sensatan GigaFuse tarjoaa useita etuja verrattuna tavalliseen tasavirtalämpösulakkeeseen. Sulake kykenee esimerkiksi avaamaan piirin 3 millisekunnin sisällä eli nopeammin kuin tavanomainen DC-lämpösulake.

    ”Gigasulakkeen” yhdistäminen kontaktorin kanssa on helpompaa sen ainutlaatuisen sähkömekaanisen laukaisumekanismin ansiosta. Kontaktorin suorituskyky paranee, mikä estää ylikuormittumista ja pienentää lämpövastusta (tyypillisesti 0,15 milliohmin tasolle). Lisäksi ratkaisu eliminoi lämmöntuotosta aiheutuvaa komponenttien ikääntymistä.

    Sensata Technologies’ Power Disconnect Solution Enables Faster and Safer DC Fast Charging
    https://www.sensata.com/contact/newsroom/sensata-technologies-plug-and-play-power-disconnect-solution-enables-faster-and-safer-dc-fast-charging?utm_source=pr&utm_medium=ms&utm_campaign=dcfc-wins&utm_content=pr-page&utm_source=pr&utm_medium=ms&utm_content=pr-page&utm_campaign=dcfc-wins

    Reply
  17. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Repairing a damaged EV charging cable.
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yPIU8_NVWU

    In this video, I’m splicing a damaged EVSE cable for a Chevy Volt.

    Video comments:

    You can make anything entertaining… Even fixing a cable.

    Europe – This is illegal and deadly.
    America – Nice way to repair a cord!

    Yes ILLEGAL, you can not solder mains power wiring. You have to crimp it. It’s because of safety. Yes, solder can melt, but that time whole cable would be on fire :D The true reasons are that solder actually has higher resistance that properly done crimp without air in it and it isn’t mechanically strong enough.

    That’s totally OK ;) Until you’re not going to pull cable very hard. The point is DO NOT solder mains wiring. It’s because of electrical and mechanical properties of solder itself.

    I mean it’s illegal in most of Europe the same way it’s illegal in the US. No soldering on romex…
    However, that’s only code on internal wiring. You can do just about anything you want with extension cords and the like.

    Not wrong, but I recommend folks look into using the lineman’s splice as its called for something like this. Make did a nice article on it, and its part of our NASA soldering standards: http://makezine.com/2012/02/28/how-to-splice-wire-to-nasa-standards/ Good solder jobs start with good physical connections — then good electrical connections.

    Good fix though, I’m sure your friend appreciated saving a few hundred dollars.

    Reply
  18. Tomi Engdahl says:

    A look at the Power Electronics Block, containing the motor inverter and DC/DC converter from a Renault Zoe EV.
    Battery cherger block video : https://youtu.be/argrHjADn8g

    Reply
  19. Tomi Engdahl says:

    https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12502-alkuvuonna-koteihin-asennettiin-20208-sahkoauton-laturia

    Sähköteknisen Kaupan Liitto on julkaissut ensimmäisen tilaston kiinteistöihin asennettavien latauslaitteiden myyntimääristä. Ei-julkisten eli yksityistalouksiin, taloyhtiöihin sekä työpaikoille asennettavien latauspisteiden määrä kasvoi vuoden ensimmäisellä puoliskolla 20 208 laturilla.

    Aiemmin yksityisten kiinteistöjen laturiasennuksia ei ole kartoitettu. Julkisten latauspisteiden eli kaikkien vapaasti käytettävissä olevien latauspisteiden määrän kehitystä on seurattu jo useamman vuoden ajan.

    Ensimmäistä vuosipuoliskoa koskevien tilastotietojen perusteella kiinteistöihin asennetaan yleisimmin nimellisteholtaan 22 kilowatin peruslatauslaite, jonka antama suurin teho voidaan valita kuhunkin tilanteeseen sopivaksi välillä 3,7 kW – 22 kW. Tehovalinta mahdollistaa 22 kW laitteen käytön myös sellaisissa kiinteistöissä, joissa tehoa on saatavilla rajatusti. tammikesäkuussa näitä latureita asennettiin yhteensä 11 763 kappaletta.

    Reply
  20. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Miksi takakontissa pitää raahata omaa latausjohtoa?
    https://etn.fi/index.php/opinion/12505-miksi-takakontissa-pitaa-raahata-omaa-latausjohtoa

    Yksi nykyisiä ja potentiaalisia sähköautoilijoita vaivaava kysymys on, miksi ihmeessä julkisissa latauspisteissä ei ole kiinteää johtoa, vaan autoilija joutuu kuskaamaan omaa johtoa tavaratilassaan. Eihän bensapumpullekaan tarvitse viedä omaa letkua.

    Etenkin kura- ja loskasäällä oman johdon käyttö heikentää merkittävästi käyttökokemusta, kun kurainen kaapeli pitää kerätä takakonttiin. Myös harvinainen mutta mahdollinen tilanne, jossa latauspisteen ohjelmistovika tai vastaava ”ominaisuus” kieltäytyy irrottamasta johtoa, saa autoilijan kiroamaan omaan kaapeliin perustuvaa ratkaisua samalla kun jonottaa latausoperaattorin asiakaspalveluun. Auton päästä johto irtoaa aina.

    Latauspisteen omistajan kannalta ratkaisun ymmärtää: kiinteä kaapeli voi jäädä maahan pyörimään ja tulla yliajetuksi, joten pelkällä latauspistorasialla varustettu ratkaisu on houkutteleva.

    Sähköautoilijan kannalta omassa johdossa on muutama hyväkin puoli. Ensinnäkin oma johto on oma ja siitä tulee pidettyä huolta. Tämä korostuu lumisella säällä: jokainen latausjohdon pään joskus lumihankeen pudottanut tietää, että liittimen pohjalla ei tarvitse olla kuin pieni määrä lunta, jotta liitin ei mene pohjaan asti ja lataus ei käynnisty. Jos edellinen lataaja on pudottanut johdon pään lumihankeen, sen saa hyvällä tuurilla ronkittua puhtaaksi kotiavamia tai muuta improvisoitua työkalua käyttäen (irtojohdossa tämä on turvallista – kiinteässä johdossa ajatus hirvittää, vaikka järjestelmä on vikavirtasuojattu ja kytkee johtoon jännitteen vasta kun se on kiinni autossa). Huonolla tuurilla operaatiosta ei selviä ilman kuumailmapuhallinta. Sisätiloissa tai katoksessa moista ongelmaa ei luonnollisesti ole.

    Toinen haaste liittyy siihen, että vaikka uusissa autoissa on (harvinaisia poikkeuksia lukuun ottamatta) siirrytty tyypin 2 latausportin käyttöön, tieliikenteessä on vielä töpseliautoja, joissa on vanha tyypin 1 latausportti. Pistorasiallisissa latauspisteissä tämä ei aiheuta ongelmaa: latauspisteessä on tyypin 2 pistorasia, ja autoilijalla on mukana latausjohto, jonka toisessa päässä on tyypin 2 pistotulppa ja toisessa päässä omaan autoon sopiva pistoke. Jos taas latauspiteessä on kiinteä kaapeli ja sen päässä tyypin 2 latauspistoke, tyypin 1 latausportin autoilija jää nuolemaan näppejään.

    Ratkaisu tähän ongelmaan on adapteri (esimerkki vas.), joka tulee tyypin 1 latausportin ja tyypin 2 latauspistokkeen väliin (esimerkki). Käytännössä ratkaisu toimii ja on turvallinen, mutta sitä vierastetaan kahdesta syystä. Ensinnäkin tällaisille adaptereille ei ole olemassa tuotestandardia, joten niitä vierastavat niin käyttäjät kuin valmistajatkin. Toiseksi markkinoilla olevissa adaptereissa ei ole toimivaa lukitusta, joten periaatteessa johto on mahdollista irrottaa adapterista ilkivaltaisesti. Kaapelinlukitusautomatiikan ymppääminen adapteriin taas nostaisi sen hintaa.

    Lukituksesta puheen ollen: latauspisteen omistajan kannalta kiinteäkaapelinen versio voi olla jopa edullisempi ylläpidettävä: pistokkeessa ei ole liikkuvia osia eikä elektroniikkaa ja se on helppo vaihtaa uuteen tukkutavaraan, jos joku sen yli ajaa. Pistorasiassa taas on kuluva lukituslaite, ja pistorasian vaihto on asentajalle työläämpi operaatio kuin pistokkeen vaihto johdon päähän.

    DC-pikalatauspisteissä kiinteä johto on standardiin perustuva vaatimus. Myös joissain julkisissa vaihtosähkölatauspisteissä on kiinteä latausjohto, mutta kyseessä on poikkeus, ei sääntö. Kotilatauspisteissä kiinteäkaapeliset ovat ylivoimaisen suosittuja, koska riittää, että kaapeli sopii omaan autoon.

    Reply
  21. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Maailman nopein sähköauton laturi: täysi lataus 15 minuutissa
    https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12637-maailman-nopein-saehkoeauton-laturi-taeysi-lataus-15-minuutissa

    ABB on esitellyt sähköajoneuvojen laturin, jota se kehuu markkinoiden nopeimmaksi. Terra 360 on modulaarinen laturi, joka voi ladata samanaikaisesti jopa neljää ajoneuvoa dynaamisella tehonjaolla. Laturin enimmäisteho on 360 kilowattia.

    Dynaaminen tehonjako tarkoittaa, ettei kuljettajan tarvitse odottaa, jos joku muu lataa jo heidän edessään. Ne vain käyttävät toista pistoketta. 360 kW teholla laturi pystyy lataamaan minkä tahansa sähköauton akuston täyteen korkeintaan 15 minuutissa.

    Terra 360 on saatavana Euroopassa vuoden 2021 lopusta ja Yhdysvalloissa, Latinalaisessa Amerikassa ja Aasian ja Tyynenmeren markkinoilla ensi vuonna. Sen innovatiivinen valojärjestelmä ohjaa käyttäjää latausprosessin läpi ja näyttää akun lataustilan ja jäljellä olevan ajan ennen optimaalisen latausjakson päättymistä.

    Reply
  22. Tomi Engdahl says:

    The Electric Vehicle Charging Problem
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLcqJ2DclEg

    You’ve left out another big hurdle: Generating capacity. Here in California we can’t even keep the lights on reliably with existing generating capacity plus power purchased from outside the state. Where is the power going to come from to supply hundreds of millions of EVs once ICEs are banned?

    Reply
  23. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Piharasia – 8MMO466S super schuko, lataus
    https://verkkokauppa.slo.fi/fi/piharasia-8mmo466s-super-schuko-lataus-3408582

    Lataus- ja lämmitysasema, lataus 1*16A Superschuko+kWh, lämmitys 1*16A Schuko, digikello. Latauspuolella jatkuvaa 16A kuormaa kestävä Schuko.Vikavirtasuojaus, vakiona tyyppi A.

    Supersuko – hyötyä vai ei?
    https://www.facebook.com/sahkoautokirja/videos/supersuko-hy%C3%B6ty%C3%A4-vai-ei/799301950815982/

    tällä videolla avataan BALSin rasia ja verrataan sitä tavalliseen. Katso videolta mitä eroja löytyy!

    Reply
  24. Tomi Engdahl says:

    https://lampopumput.info/foorumi/threads/s%C3%A4hk%C3%B6autojen-latauspaikoista-rahareik%C3%A4.29122/page-4

    Tavallinen pistorasia ei kestä jatkuvaa 16A kuormitusta, siis tuntikausia, varsinkaan vanhempana. Tai voi kestää, mutta niitä ei ole mitoitettu siihen. Netistä löytyy kuvia sulaneista pistorasioista. Sen takia autojen mukana tulevat latausjohdot antavat esim. 12A tai 8A latausvirtaa, vaikka teknisesti ei olisi estettä 16A virralle.

    Superschuko parannettu versio jonka pitäisi kestää, mutta niillä on myös suolainen hinta. Omakotiasukkina mun budjettiratkaisuni on alle kympin maksava yksivaiheinen CEE- eli karavaanaripistorasia.

    Jep. Tämän tiesinkin mutta tuo superi oli uusi juttu. Onko tuossa myös erilainen pistotulppa? Toki tuo vaatii sitten myös latauskaapelin joka ymmärtää että poweria saa ottaa vaiheesta hiukan reilummin…?

    16A 250V sähköauton lagtaukseen DIN EN 62196-1. Kestää 16A virtaa.

    Eihän tuo velvoite ole kuin tavallista suuremmissa peruskorjauksissa missä muutenkin revittäisiin esimerkiksi pihaa auki tai tehtäisiin sähköihin uusintoja. Lisäksi se valmius on vähimmillään sitä, että maahan vedetään vaikka 50mm putket ja vetonaurut. Tämän lisäksi sähkökeskuksessa on riittävästi vapaita paikkoja johdonsuojia varten. Eli kaapeliakaan ei ole pakko vetää. Eli pelkkä ”valmius” riittää. Missään ei myöskään ole mainittu että joka paikalle pitäisi olla 11kw lataus, vaan 1x16A/3,6kw ”valmius” riittää täyttämään lain pykälän.

    Oliko edes tuotas 1x16A vaatimusta? Eikö riitä 1x10A ja sitten suositus muuttaa omakotitaloon, jollei riitä.
    Ei tainnut olla mainintaa. Mutta tuo 1x16A on siitä helppo kun kaapeleita on useampinapaisia. Eli saa helposti useamman pistokkeen yhdellä kaapelilla sen enempää miettimättä. Omaan taloon tuli aikanaan lämmitystolpalle hilppasen paksumpi suojaputki koko matkalle. Toinen pää nousee naruineen suoraan pääkeskukselle ja siihen on helppo vetää ties millainen touvi vierelle. Maksoi ehkä 20€ enemmän ja täten siis on ”valmius” vaikka tuolloin ei mitään määräyksiä vielä edes ollutkaan. Jälkikäteen tuon tekeminen ja asfaltin leikkuut & paikkaukset toki maksaa jokusen rahayksikön enemmän.

    Reply
  25. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Sähköauton lataaminen lämmitystolpasta, päivitys Satmatic latausasemaksi!
    https://www.laturille.com/sahkoauton-lataaminen-lammitystolpasta-paivitys-satmatic-latausasemaksi/

    Sähköauton lataaminen taloyhtiön parkkipaikalla kannattaa hoitaa luvallisesti ja turvallisesti. Satmatic latausasema 8MMO467S on hyvä vaihtoehto, eikä se maksa kuin satasia (390€), joten päivitin lämmitystolppani latausasemaksi 2018 syksyllä.

    Sähköauton kotilatausta ei ole aina helppo järjestää ja usein ennakko-/harhaluulot (osakkaiden, hallituksen ja/tai isännöitsijän) hankaloittavat asioita. Monessa taloyhtiössä tämä Satmaticin latausasema voisi olla yksinkertainen ja kustannustehokas ratkaisu sähköautojen ja plug-in hybridien lataukseen, etenkin tässä vaiheessa kun ladattavat autot ovat vielä pitkään vähemmistönä taloyhtiöiden parkkipaikoilla.

    Satmatic latausaseman tärkeimmät speksit: 230v, 1 vaihe, 16A, 2x SuperSchuko joilla molemmilla oma kWh-mittari ja A-tyypin vikavirtasuoja. Voidaan asentaa ”tolpan nokkaan” tai seinälle (putkilaippa tai seinäkiinnitys tarvikkeet ei sis.hintaan).

    Reply
  26. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Pinta-asennettava latauspistorasia
    https://www.rakennusosa.fi/product/126/pinta-asennettava-latauspistorasia

    Super-sukopistorasia 16A latauskäyttöön
    Sähköajoneuvon lataukseen ja auton lämmitykseen
    Kestää jatkuvaa 16A virtaa
    Hopeoidut koskettimet

    Reply

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