In the tech world, there is a constant flow of changes and keeping up with them means the choice for tools and technologies which are the most appropriate to invest your time in. In 2025 the best programming language or technology stack to learn really depends on your personal aims, hobbies, and apps you are going to create.
The interest in Java is dropping. February 2025 TIOBE programming community index. C++, which has long been the cornerstone of system programming and performance-critical applications, has officially overtaken Java to take second place in the TIOBE programming language popularity index. A new report from the Java vendor Azul claims that 88% of companies are considering moving off of Oracle Java to another alternative as a result of rising costs and restrictive policies from Oracle, among other issues.
The growing trend in the world of software development: speed matters. C++, Go, and Rust are gaining popularity because the need for computing power increases faster than speed of CPUs is increasing, sothere is a growing interest to the fast programming languages. While C++ is establishing itself, other fast languages are making significant strides. Go continues its top 10 ranking, while Rust has reached an all-time high.
Python still holds its place at the top of the programming world. Since the number of trained experts in the software industry is not enough to cover the growing need, professionals from many other fields are taking over programming skills with the help of Python. This ensures that Python maintains its position even as speed continues to be emphasized in programming language choices. Programs written with Python are often notoriously slow and inefficient. Python 3.14, due out later this year, is set to receive a new type of interpreter that can boost performance by up to 30% with no changes to existing code. Write Python like it’s 2025 and check Python Libraries That Will Make You Feel Like a Data Wizard.
There are also innovative alternatives to the popular languages are gaining steam—and one of them could be the perfect fit for your next project. Top programming languages to learn in 2025: Python, JavaScript, Rust, and more – maybe also Go. Check out also those 11 cutting-edge programming languages to learn now or decide it is better for you to not going to learn a new programming language this year.
Microsoft is actively pushing Visual Studio Code extensions for many uses and even replacing existing separate tools. GitHub Copilot is advertised as your AI pair programmer tool in Visual Studio Code. Check the Best VS Code Extensions to Boost Your Productivity.
Best Backend Frameworks for 2025: A Developer’s Guide to Making the Right Choice The stakes for choosing the right backend framework have never been higher. With the explosion of AI-powered applications, real-time processing requirements, and microservices architectures, your framework choice can make or break your project’s success.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is accelerating at an astonishing pace, quickly moving from emerging technologies to impacting coding a lot AI tools have come heavily to the coding. Coders use AI to help their coding in many ways. You can write code quickly. How to refactor code with GitHub Copilot. How To Build Web Components Using ChatGPT. There are also warnings that Using GitHub Copilot is one sure-fire way to never actually learn how to do coding.
The web has come a long way from static HTML pages to dynamic and highly interactive applications. When traditional JavaScript-based web apps struggle with performance-intensive tasks, WebAssembly (WASM) promises to enable near-native performance on the web. Read Why WebAssembly (WASM) is the Future of High-Performance Web Apps.
JavaScript in 2025 will see advancements in serverless architectures, integration with WebAssembly, adoption of microfrontends, and more. JavaScript is also a fighting field. Deno filed a petition with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to cancel Oracle’s trademark in November 2024. Oracle will not voluntarily release its trademark on the word “JavaScript”. Building Modern React Apps in 2025 – A Guide to Cutting-Edge Tools and Tech Stacks
The open source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment Node.js will soon support TypeScript by default, without extra configuration. Node 23 will be able to run TypeScript files without any extra configuration. Express is an extremely commonly used web server application framework in Node.js.
Open Source in 2025: Strap In, Disruption Straight Ahead article takes a look for new tensions to arise in the New Year over licensing, the open source AI definition, security and compliance, and how to pay volunteer maintainers. For good news check out Top Open Source Projects to Watch in 2025 and 13 top open-source tools you must use for your next big project in 2025.
The Mobile Development Tech Stack for 2025 selection is important because the right tech stack can make or break your mobile app. The mobile development tech stack for 2025 is rich with opportunities.
Must-Know 2025 Developer’s Roadmap and Key Programming Trends article says that in the world of coding trends, one thing is clear: classic languages like Java, Python, and JavaScript are still important, but they’re being joined by new favorites such as Go and Rust. And when you ask “Is JavaScript or Python 2025?” the answer is rarely simple – and could be that you need both.
Here are some points:
Python’s Growth in Data Work and AI: Python continues to lead because of its easy-to-read style and the huge number of libraries available for tasks from data work to artificial intelligence. Tools like TensorFlow and PyTorch make it a must-have.
JavaScript and Its Ongoing Role in Building Website: JavaScript (and by extension, TypeScript) is the basic building block. JavaScript is still essential for web work, running both the parts you see on a site and the behind-the-scenes work, but many coders are now preferring TypeScript for business projects. Try building a small web app using React.
The Rise of Go and Rust: For those looking at future coding languages 2025, Go and Rust are getting a lot of attention.
Java, C++, and C#: The Reliable Favorites: Even in 2025, there’s no ignoring that languages like Java, C++, and C# are still important. Java continues to be a top choice for large business applications and Android app development, while C++ is key in systems work and game development.
There are several shifts that every aspiring coder should keep in mind:
Adding Artificial Intelligence to Coding: The future of coding is closely linked with AI
Building for the Cloud: With cloud computing becoming common, languages that handle many tasks at once and run fast (like Go and Rust) are more important than ever.
The Need for Full-Stack Skills: Coders today are expected to handle both the front part of websites and the back-end work. JavaScript, along with tools like Node.js and modern front-end libraries, is key.
Focus on Safety and Speed: With online security becoming a big issue, languages that help avoid mistakes are getting more attention. Rust’s features that prevent memory errors and Go’s straightforward style are good examples.
Keep Learning and Stay Flexible: One thing that never changes in tech is change itself. What is popular in 2024 might be different in 2025.
Here’s a simple table that sums up some facts in plain language:
| Language | 2025 Trend | Main Advantage | Resource Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python | Leads in data work and AI | Easy to read, lots of tools | GeeksforGeeks |
| JavaScript | Essential for building websites | Works everywhere on the web | Snappify |
| TypeScript | Becoming popular in large projects | Helps catch errors early | Fullstack Academy |
| Go | Growing quickly in cloud computing | Fast and handles many tasks at once | Nucamp |
| Rust | New favorite for safe, low-level coding | Prevents common memory mistakes | The Ceres Group |
| Java | Still important for big business and Android work | Runs on many types of systems | Wikipedia |
Best Dev Stacks to Learn in 2025lists the top development stacks for 2025 to be:
1. MERN Stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React, Node.js)
2. MEVN Stack (MongoDB, Express.js, Vue.js, Node.js)
3. JAMstack (JavaScript, APIs, Markup)
4. T3 Stack (Next.js, TypeScript, tRPC, Tailwind CSS, Prisma)
5. Flutter Stack (Flutter, Firebase)
6. PERN Stack (PostgreSQL, Express.js, React, Node.js)
7. Django Stack (Django, PostgreSQL, React/Angular)
8. DevOps Stack (Docker, Kubernetes, Jenkins, Terraform)
9. AI/ML Stack (Python, TensorFlow, PyTorch, FastAPI)
10. Blockchain Development Stack (Solidity, Ethereum, Hardhat)
11. Spring Boot + React Stack
10 hot programming trends — and 10 going cold
Hot: Repatriation
Not: Cloud bills
Hot: AI partners
Not: Human pair programming
Hot: Rust
Not: C/C++
Hot: Wasm
Not: Interpreters
Hot: CPUs
Not: GPUs
Hot: Zero-knowledge proofs
Not: Digital signatures
Hot: Trustworthy ledgers
Not: Turing-complete ledgers
Hot: GraphQL
Not: REST
Hot: Static site generators
Not: Single-page apps
Hot: Database configuration
Not: Software programming
What’s trending in Software-driven Automation (SDA) in 2025? Here are some predictions:
1. Virtual Safe Control – A new and novel concept introduced by CODESYS and SILista, making it possible to implement Functional Safety controller reaching SIL2 or even SIL3 level, using generic hardware with help of software virtualisation. This will significantly decrease cost of hardware and speed up development cycle.
2. Open platforms – This trend started already last year, and now we’re seeing more and more automation vendors coming this way. #ctrlXOS opened the game, and there are other vendors like Phoenix coming the same way with their PLCnext Virtualised.
3. Model-based Design (MBD) – An old concept but not yet fully utilised in development. Maybe because lack of well integrated toolchains in the past. But now we’re seeing more and more industrial players adopting the methodology in their product development.
4. AI, of course, but how? Naturally AI can assist in efficient software development and testing. Also some algorithm optimisation and condition monitoring with AI and ML has been seen.
188 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
Microsoft TypeScript Devs Explain Why They Chose Go Over Rust, C#
Microsoft’s Anders Hejlsberg explained that Go was chosen for its TypeScript compiler port because of its native code, garbage collection, and excellent control over memory and data layout.
https://thenewstack.io/microsoft-typescript-devs-explain-why-they-chose-go-over-rust-c/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/cypress/docker-cypress-in-2025-how-ive-perfected-my-e2e-testing-setup-4f7j
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.xda-developers.com/open-source-diagramming-tools-that-rival-microsoft-visio/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://github.blog/engineering/issueops-automate-ci-cd-and-more-with-github-issues-and-actions/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Yli 60 vuotta vanhat ohjelmointikielet ovat edelleen maailman käytetyimpien ohjelmointikielten joukossa, ilmenee Tioben maaliskuun indeksistä.
Tiobe julkaisee jokaisen kuukauden alussa uuden indeksin suosituimmista ohjelmointikielistä. Indeksi perustuu muun muassa kurssien ja kolmannen osapuolen palveluiden määrään. Maaliskuun indeksistä on uutisoinut esimerkiksi Techrepublic.
March 2025 TIOBE Index: Legacy ‘Dinosaur’ Languages Are Making a Comeback
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/tiobe-index-march-2025-legacy-programming-languages/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-use-grep-command-in-linux-unix/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/cloudflare-now-blocks-all-unencrypted-traffic-to-its-api-endpoints/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/jay818/javascript-basics-for-a-senior-dev-1lob
Tomi Engdahl says:
Monolith vs Microservices vs Modular Monoliths: What’s the Right Choice
https://blog.bytebytego.com/p/monolith-vs-microservices-vs-modular
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/mattlewandowski93/stop-chasing-new-javascript-frameworks-build-with-fundamentals-instead-1lni
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.marktechpost.com/2025/03/19/a-coding-implementation-to-build-a-document-search-agent-docsearchagent-with-hugging-face-chromadb-and-langchain/
Tomi Engdahl says:
LangGraph: Build Stateful AI Agents in Python
https://realpython.com/langgraph-python/
Tomi Engdahl says:
StringTune: The JavaScript Library Born from a Design Agency’s Workflow
Learn how to use this flexible JavaScript library for animations, smooth scrolling, and interactive effects.
Tomi Engdahl says:
StringTune: The JavaScript Library Born from a Design Agency’s Workflow
Learn how to use this flexible JavaScript library for animations, smooth scrolling, and interactive effects.
https://tympanus.net/codrops/2025/03/19/stringtune-the-javascript-library-born-from-a-design-agencys-workflow/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Making Application Security simple with a new unified dashboard experience
https://blog.cloudflare.com/new-application-security-experience/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.cerbos.dev/blog/best-open-source-tools-software-architects
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/this-is-learning/building-single-executable-applications-with-nodejs-16k3
Tomi Engdahl says:
New URLPattern API brings improved pattern matching to Node.js and Cloudflare Workers
https://blog.cloudflare.com/improving-web-standards-urlpattern/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://github.com/joelnet/html-lang
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Rise of “Vibe Coding”: A New Era of Software Development
https://www.educationnext.in/posts/the-rise-of-vibe-coding-a-new-era-of-software-development?fbclid=IwY2xjawJNDjNleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHdC1_sePIX-R8E5BY2yypR8i7dyNH8BKJ5mCjXGYbfxqdhbTS1JBR69kXg_aem_vrz9BRAmT25R2FKVhS3lOw
Tomi Engdahl says:
Maaliskuu 2025 TIOBE-indeksi: Vanhat “dinosauruksen” kielet tekevät paluun
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/tiobe-index-march-2025-legacy-programming-languages/
Vanhat ohjelmointikielet ovat edelleen tärkeitä nykyaikaisessa tietojenkäsittelyssä, ja ne kehittyvät pysyäkseen merkityksellisinä. Niiden syvälle juurtunut rooli kriittisissä järjestelmissä todistaa, että nämä “dinosaurukset” ovat tulleet jäädäkseen.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://japantoday.com/category/tech/does-vibe-coding-make-everyone-a-programmer
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoq.com/news/2025/03/eslint-supports-css-json-markdow/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/anmolbaranwal/10-common-backend-tasks-and-how-to-automate-them-4c79
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://forum.cursor.com/t/guide-how-to-handle-big-projects-with-cursor/70997
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dagger.io/blog/dagger-shell
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.xda-developers.com/tried-these-docker-containers-cant-live-without-them/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.wired.com/story/forth-collapse-os-apocalypse-programming-language/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://programming-journal.org/2025/10/6/
An Attempt to Catch Up with JIT Compilers: The False Lead of Optimizing Inline Caches
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://info.varnish-software.com/blog/tinykvm-the-fastest-sandbox
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/ruppysuppy/7-tools-that-make-me-productive-as-a-software-engineer-4p3l
Tomi Engdahl says:
http://mininet.org/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Web Components Vs. Framework Components: What’s The Difference?
https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2025/03/web-components-vs-framework-components/
Tomi Engdahl says:
WebAssembly System Interface Preview 3 (or WASIp3 for short) is the next major release of WASI, a set of standards-track APIs for portable application development with WebAssembly.
https://dev.to/fermyon/looking-ahead-to-wasip3-5aem
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoq.com/news/2025/03/java24-released/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.cnx-software.com/2025/03/18/gl-inet-comet-gl-rm1-low-cost-kvm-over-ip-solution-supports-up-to-2k-resolution/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dawn.fi/uutiset/2025/03/18/gimp-3-julkaistu
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.facebook.com/share/p/15ydqtuyUq/
About the whole DOGE-will-rewrite Social Security’s COBOL code in some new language thing, since this is a subject I have a whole lot of expertise in, a few anecdotes and thoughts.
Some time in the early 2000s I was doing some work with the real-time Java team at Sun, and there was a huge defense contractor with a peculiar query: Could we document how much memory an instance of every object type in the JDK uses? And could we guarantee that that number would never change, and definitely never grow, in any future Java version?
I remember discussing this with a few colleagues in a pub after work, and talking it through, and we all arrived at the conclusion that the only appropriate answer to this question as “Hell no.” and that it was actually kind of idiotic.
Say you’ve written the code, in Java 5 or whatever, that launches nuclear missiles. You’ve tested it thoroughly, it’s been reviewed six ways to Sunday because you do that with code like this (or you really, really, really should). It launches missiles and it works.
A new version of Java comes out. Do you upgrade? No, of course you don’t upgrade. It works. Upgrading buys you nothing but risk. Why on earth would you? Because you could blow up the world 10 milliseconds sooner after someone pushes the button?
It launches fucking missiles. Of COURSE you don’t do that.
There is zero reason to ever do that, and to anyone managing such a project who’s a grownup, that’s obvious. You don’t fuck with things that work just to be one of the cool kids. Especially not when the thing that works is life-or-death (well, in this case, just death).
Another case: In the mid 2000s I trained some developers at Boeing. They had all this Fortran materials analysis code from the 70s – really fussy stuff, so you could do calculations like, if you have a sheet of composite material that is 2mm of this grade of aluminum bonded to that variety of fiberglass with this type of resin, and you drill a 1/2″ hole in it, what is the effect on the strength of that airplane wing part when this amount of torque is applied at this angle. Really fussy, hard-to-do but when-it’s-right-it’s-right-forever stuff.
They were taking a very sane, smart approach to it: Leave the Fortran code as-is – it works, don’t fuck with it – just build a nice, friendly graphical UI in Java on top of it that *calls* the code as-is.
We are used to broken software. The public has been trained to expect low quality as a fact of life – and the industry is rife with “agile” methodologies *designed* to churn out crappy software, because crappy guarantees a permanent ongoing revenue stream. It’s an article of faith that everything is buggy (and if it isn’t, we’ve got a process or two to sell you that will make it that way).
It’s ironic. Every other form of engineering involves moving parts and things that wear and decay and break. Software has no moving parts. Done well, it should need *vastly* less maintenance than your car or the bridges it drives on. Software can actually be *finished* – it is heresy to say it, but given a well-defined problem, it is possible to actually *solve* it and move on, and not need to babysit or revisit it. In fact, most of our modern technological world is possible because of such solved problems. But we’re trained to ignore that.
Yeah, COBOL is really long-in-the-tooth, and few people on earth want to code in it. But they have a working system with decades invested in addressing bugs and corner-cases.
Rewriting stuff – especially things that are life-and-death – in a fit of pique, or because of an emotional reaction to the technology used, or because you want to use the toys all the cool kids use – is idiotic. It’s immaturity on display to the world.
Doing it with AI that’s going to read COBOL code and churn something out in another language – so now you have code no human has read, written and understands – is simply insane. And the best software translators plus AI out there, is going to get things wrong – grievously wrong. And the odds of anyone figuring out what or where before it leads to disaster are low, never mind tracing that back to the original code and figuring out what that was supposed to do.
They probably should find their way off COBOL simply because people who know it and want to endure using it are hard to find and expensive. But you do that gradually, walling off parts of the system that work already and calling them from your language-du-jour, not building any new parts of the system in COBOL, and when you do need to make a change in one of those walled off sections, you migrate just that part.
We’re basically talking about something like replacing the engine of a plane while it’s flying. Now, do you do that a part-at-a-time with the ability to put back any piece where the new version fails? Or does it sound like a fine idea to vaporize the existing engine and beam in an object which a next-word-prediction software *says* is a contraption that does all the things the old engine did, and hope you don’t crash?
The people involved in this have ZERO technical judgement.