In the tech world, there is a constant flow of changes and keeping up with them means the choice for tools and technologies which are the most appropriate to invest your time in. In 2025 the best programming language or technology stack to learn really depends on your personal aims, hobbies, and apps you are going to create.
The interest in Java is dropping. February 2025 TIOBE programming community index. C++, which has long been the cornerstone of system programming and performance-critical applications, has officially overtaken Java to take second place in the TIOBE programming language popularity index. A new report from the Java vendor Azul claims that 88% of companies are considering moving off of Oracle Java to another alternative as a result of rising costs and restrictive policies from Oracle, among other issues.
The growing trend in the world of software development: speed matters. C++, Go, and Rust are gaining popularity because the need for computing power increases faster than speed of CPUs is increasing, sothere is a growing interest to the fast programming languages. While C++ is establishing itself, other fast languages are making significant strides. Go continues its top 10 ranking, while Rust has reached an all-time high.
Python still holds its place at the top of the programming world. Since the number of trained experts in the software industry is not enough to cover the growing need, professionals from many other fields are taking over programming skills with the help of Python. This ensures that Python maintains its position even as speed continues to be emphasized in programming language choices. Programs written with Python are often notoriously slow and inefficient. Python 3.14, due out later this year, is set to receive a new type of interpreter that can boost performance by up to 30% with no changes to existing code. Write Python like it’s 2025 and check Python Libraries That Will Make You Feel Like a Data Wizard.
There are also innovative alternatives to the popular languages are gaining steam—and one of them could be the perfect fit for your next project. Top programming languages to learn in 2025: Python, JavaScript, Rust, and more – maybe also Go. Check out also those 11 cutting-edge programming languages to learn now or decide it is better for you to not going to learn a new programming language this year.
Microsoft is actively pushing Visual Studio Code extensions for many uses and even replacing existing separate tools. GitHub Copilot is advertised as your AI pair programmer tool in Visual Studio Code. Check the Best VS Code Extensions to Boost Your Productivity.
Best Backend Frameworks for 2025: A Developer’s Guide to Making the Right Choice The stakes for choosing the right backend framework have never been higher. With the explosion of AI-powered applications, real-time processing requirements, and microservices architectures, your framework choice can make or break your project’s success.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is accelerating at an astonishing pace, quickly moving from emerging technologies to impacting coding a lot AI tools have come heavily to the coding. Coders use AI to help their coding in many ways. You can write code quickly. How to refactor code with GitHub Copilot. How To Build Web Components Using ChatGPT. There are also warnings that Using GitHub Copilot is one sure-fire way to never actually learn how to do coding.
The web has come a long way from static HTML pages to dynamic and highly interactive applications. When traditional JavaScript-based web apps struggle with performance-intensive tasks, WebAssembly (WASM) promises to enable near-native performance on the web. Read Why WebAssembly (WASM) is the Future of High-Performance Web Apps.
JavaScript in 2025 will see advancements in serverless architectures, integration with WebAssembly, adoption of microfrontends, and more. JavaScript is also a fighting field. Deno filed a petition with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to cancel Oracle’s trademark in November 2024. Oracle will not voluntarily release its trademark on the word “JavaScript”. Building Modern React Apps in 2025 – A Guide to Cutting-Edge Tools and Tech Stacks
The open source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment Node.js will soon support TypeScript by default, without extra configuration. Node 23 will be able to run TypeScript files without any extra configuration. Express is an extremely commonly used web server application framework in Node.js.
Open Source in 2025: Strap In, Disruption Straight Ahead article takes a look for new tensions to arise in the New Year over licensing, the open source AI definition, security and compliance, and how to pay volunteer maintainers. For good news check out Top Open Source Projects to Watch in 2025 and 13 top open-source tools you must use for your next big project in 2025.
The Mobile Development Tech Stack for 2025 selection is important because the right tech stack can make or break your mobile app. The mobile development tech stack for 2025 is rich with opportunities.
Must-Know 2025 Developer’s Roadmap and Key Programming Trends article says that in the world of coding trends, one thing is clear: classic languages like Java, Python, and JavaScript are still important, but they’re being joined by new favorites such as Go and Rust. And when you ask “Is JavaScript or Python 2025?” the answer is rarely simple – and could be that you need both.
Here are some points:
Python’s Growth in Data Work and AI: Python continues to lead because of its easy-to-read style and the huge number of libraries available for tasks from data work to artificial intelligence. Tools like TensorFlow and PyTorch make it a must-have.
JavaScript and Its Ongoing Role in Building Website: JavaScript (and by extension, TypeScript) is the basic building block. JavaScript is still essential for web work, running both the parts you see on a site and the behind-the-scenes work, but many coders are now preferring TypeScript for business projects. Try building a small web app using React.
The Rise of Go and Rust: For those looking at future coding languages 2025, Go and Rust are getting a lot of attention.
Java, C++, and C#: The Reliable Favorites: Even in 2025, there’s no ignoring that languages like Java, C++, and C# are still important. Java continues to be a top choice for large business applications and Android app development, while C++ is key in systems work and game development.
There are several shifts that every aspiring coder should keep in mind:
Adding Artificial Intelligence to Coding: The future of coding is closely linked with AI
Building for the Cloud: With cloud computing becoming common, languages that handle many tasks at once and run fast (like Go and Rust) are more important than ever.
The Need for Full-Stack Skills: Coders today are expected to handle both the front part of websites and the back-end work. JavaScript, along with tools like Node.js and modern front-end libraries, is key.
Focus on Safety and Speed: With online security becoming a big issue, languages that help avoid mistakes are getting more attention. Rust’s features that prevent memory errors and Go’s straightforward style are good examples.
Keep Learning and Stay Flexible: One thing that never changes in tech is change itself. What is popular in 2024 might be different in 2025.
Here’s a simple table that sums up some facts in plain language:
| Language | 2025 Trend | Main Advantage | Resource Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python | Leads in data work and AI | Easy to read, lots of tools | GeeksforGeeks |
| JavaScript | Essential for building websites | Works everywhere on the web | Snappify |
| TypeScript | Becoming popular in large projects | Helps catch errors early | Fullstack Academy |
| Go | Growing quickly in cloud computing | Fast and handles many tasks at once | Nucamp |
| Rust | New favorite for safe, low-level coding | Prevents common memory mistakes | The Ceres Group |
| Java | Still important for big business and Android work | Runs on many types of systems | Wikipedia |
Best Dev Stacks to Learn in 2025lists the top development stacks for 2025 to be:
1. MERN Stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React, Node.js)
2. MEVN Stack (MongoDB, Express.js, Vue.js, Node.js)
3. JAMstack (JavaScript, APIs, Markup)
4. T3 Stack (Next.js, TypeScript, tRPC, Tailwind CSS, Prisma)
5. Flutter Stack (Flutter, Firebase)
6. PERN Stack (PostgreSQL, Express.js, React, Node.js)
7. Django Stack (Django, PostgreSQL, React/Angular)
8. DevOps Stack (Docker, Kubernetes, Jenkins, Terraform)
9. AI/ML Stack (Python, TensorFlow, PyTorch, FastAPI)
10. Blockchain Development Stack (Solidity, Ethereum, Hardhat)
11. Spring Boot + React Stack
10 hot programming trends — and 10 going cold
Hot: Repatriation
Not: Cloud bills
Hot: AI partners
Not: Human pair programming
Hot: Rust
Not: C/C++
Hot: Wasm
Not: Interpreters
Hot: CPUs
Not: GPUs
Hot: Zero-knowledge proofs
Not: Digital signatures
Hot: Trustworthy ledgers
Not: Turing-complete ledgers
Hot: GraphQL
Not: REST
Hot: Static site generators
Not: Single-page apps
Hot: Database configuration
Not: Software programming
What’s trending in Software-driven Automation (SDA) in 2025? Here are some predictions:
1. Virtual Safe Control – A new and novel concept introduced by CODESYS and SILista, making it possible to implement Functional Safety controller reaching SIL2 or even SIL3 level, using generic hardware with help of software virtualisation. This will significantly decrease cost of hardware and speed up development cycle.
2. Open platforms – This trend started already last year, and now we’re seeing more and more automation vendors coming this way. #ctrlXOS opened the game, and there are other vendors like Phoenix coming the same way with their PLCnext Virtualised.
3. Model-based Design (MBD) – An old concept but not yet fully utilised in development. Maybe because lack of well integrated toolchains in the past. But now we’re seeing more and more industrial players adopting the methodology in their product development.
4. AI, of course, but how? Naturally AI can assist in efficient software development and testing. Also some algorithm optimisation and condition monitoring with AI and ML has been seen.
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Tomi Engdahl says:
Tom Warren / The Verge:
Sources: an Xbox-branded Asus handheld may debut this year as part of Microsoft’s effort to unify Windows and Xbox into a universal library of Xbox and PC games
Microsoft isn’t launching its Xbox handheld this year, but Asus might be
Microsoft’s next-gen Xbox platform is shaping up.
https://www.theverge.com/notepad-microsoft-newsletter/628073/microsoft-xbox-handheld-project-kennan-notepad
Tomi Engdahl says:
GCC 15 is close: COBOL and Itanium are in, but ALGOL is out
Steering Committee decides against merge of over-complex and largely unloved ALGOL-68 ‘at this point’
https://www.theregister.com/2025/03/13/gcc_15_is_close/
Version 15 of the GNU Compiler Collection is getting close to release, and as it does, some changes are not going to make it.
The latest status report isn’t hugely informative, but says that it’s “open for regression and documentation fixes only”. The report shows there are just 17 priority-1 bugs left.
One major new feature was merged just last week: a COBOL front end. This has been in preparation for quite a while – we looked at it three years ago. Three large patches were merged last Thursday: the COBOL front end, the libcobol standard library, and the accompanying documentation.
The new compiler is called gCobol and it’s a true native compiler: in other words, it takes COBOL source code and emits binary executables. You shouldn’t confuse it with another GNU project, the much older GnuCOBOL. GnuCOBOL – formerly called OpenCOBOL – is now nearly 25 years old, but it is not a true compiler: it translates COBOL source code into C source code, which you then compile with GCC or Microsoft Visual Studio C.
Aside from the differences in how they generate code, the two also aim for compliance with different versions of the official COBOL industry standards. GnuCOBOL is over 99 percent compatible with COBOL 2014, a hefty 955-page document which shipped on CD. The newer gCobol is aiming for compliance with the newer COBOL 2023 standard, which is nearly a third longer at 1,229 pages. Both gCobol and GnuCOBOL are backed by the independent Cobolworx consultancy.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://bun.sh/blog/bun-v1.2.5
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blog.kuzudb.com/post/kuzu-wasm-rag/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Hetty: Open-source HTTP toolkit for security research
Hetty is an open-source HTTP toolkit designed for security research, offering a free alternative to commercial tools like Burp Suite Pro.
https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2025/03/10/hetty-open-source-http-toolkit-security-research/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/leapcell/mastering-oauth-20-step-by-step-2726
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/shubhamtiwari909/mastering-api-handling-in-javascript-react-a-complete-guide-45kk
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/wasp/from-you-will-fail-to-15000-github-stars-the-story-of-wasp-a-laravel-for-js-full-stack-1fil
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://deno.com/blog/typescript-in-node-vs-deno
Node just added TypeScript support. What does that mean for Deno?
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blog.jetbrains.com/idea/2025/03/intellij-idea-2025-1-beta/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/0x3d_site/python-scripting-automate-your-daily-tasks-1chd
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoq.com/news/2025/03/alloydb-filtering-observability/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://pvs-studio.com/en/blog/posts/cpp/1231/
std::array in C++ is faster than array in C. Sometimes
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blog.vue-pdf-viewer.dev/what-are-pdfjs-layers-and-how-you-can-use-them-in-vuejs
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://kevincoder.co.za/laravel-is-perfect-for-saas
Tomi Engdahl says:
Godot 4.4 released: open source game engine adds Jolt physics, .NET 8 and more
https://devclass.com/2025/03/05/godot-4-4-released-open-source-game-engine-adds-jolt-physics-net-8-and-more/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://devclass.com/2025/03/04/react-native-survey-shows-rocky-path-for-new-architecture/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Dark Side of Distributed Systems: Latency and Partition Tolerance
https://blog.bytebytego.com/p/dark-side-of-distributed-systems
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.xda-developers.com/story-notepad-plus-plus/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/lovestaco/object-oriented-programming-encapsulation-moving-parts-and-functional-paradigms-30d0
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3830643/the-most-relevant-new-features-in-jdk-24.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/shubhamtiwari909/callbacks-vs-promises-vs-asyncawait-the-ultimate-guide-to-asynchronous-javascript-1j5n
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://machinelearningmastery.com/10-python-one-liners-that-will-boost-your-data-preparation-workflow/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Mishaal Rahman / Android Authority:
Google adds new developer tools and programs to simplify PC game porting to Android and makes Vulkan the official graphics API for Android, days before GDC 2025 — Google is improving Vulkan support on Android and introducing new tools and programs to simplify PC game porting
Here’s how Google is making it easier for developers to port PC games to Android
Google is improving Vulkan support on Android and introducing new tools and programs to simplify PC game porting
https://www.androidauthority.com/porting-pc-games-to-android-3534575/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2025/03/13/britcss-write-css-with-british-english-spellings/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Some people today are discouraging others from learning programming on the grounds AI will automate it. This advice will be seen as some of the worst career advice ever given. I disagree with the Turing Award and Nobel prize winner who wrote, “It is far more likely that the programming occupation will become extinct [...] than that it will become all-powerful. More and more, computers will program themselves.” Statements discouraging people from learning to code are harmful!
In the 1960s, when programming moved from punchcards (where a programmer had to laboriously make holes in physical cards to write code character by character) to keyboards with terminals, programming became easier. And that made it a better time than before to begin programming. Yet it was in this era that Nobel laureate Herb Simon wrote the words quoted in the first paragraph. Today’s arguments not to learn to code continue to echo his comment.
As coding becomes easier, more people should code, not fewer!
Over the past few decades, as programming has moved from assembly language to higher-level languages like C, from desktop to cloud, from raw text editors to IDEs to AI assisted coding where sometimes one barely even looks at the generated code (which some coders recently started to call vibe coding), it is getting easier with each step.
I wrote previously that I see tech-savvy people coordinating AI tools to move toward being 10x professionals — individuals who have 10 times the impact of the average person in their field. I am increasingly convinced that the best way for many people to accomplish this is not to be just consumers of AI applications, but to learn enough coding to use AI-assisted coding tools effectively.
One question I’m asked most often is what someone should do who is worried about job displacement by AI. My answer is: Learn about AI and take control of it, because one of the most important skills in the future will be the ability to tell a computer exactly what you want, so it can do that for you. Coding (or getting AI to code for you) is a great way to do that.
When I was working on the course Generative AI for Everyone and needed to generate AI artwork for the background images, I worked with a collaborator who had studied art history and knew the language of art. He prompted Midjourney with terminology based on the historical style, palette, artist inspiration and so on — using the language of art — to get the result he wanted. I didn’t know this language, and my paltry attempts at prompting could not deliver as effective a result.
Similarly, scientists, analysts, marketers, recruiters, and people of a wide range of professions who understand the language of software through their knowledge of coding can tell an LLM or an AI-enabled IDE what they want much more precisely, and get much better results. As these tools are continuing to make coding easier, this is the best time yet to learn to code, to learn the language of software, and learn to make computers do exactly what you want them to do.
[Original text: https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/issue-292/ ]
Tomi Engdahl says:
Standardizing the Language of Observability in OpenTelemetry
Clear, consistent semantic conventions for telemetry signals unlocks more sophisticated approaches to observability across the open source ecosystem.
https://thenewstack.io/standardizing-the-language-of-observability-in-opentelemetry/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://deno.com/blog/otel-tracing-in-node-and-deno
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blog.jetbrains.com/webstorm/2025/03/webstorm-2025-1-beta/
WebStorm 2025.1 Beta Is Here With AI Enhancements, Framework Improvements, and a Better User Experience
Tomi Engdahl says:
Cross-Platform UI Framework Lynx Competes With React Native
Lynx is a new family of technologies available under the Apache 2 license that helps developers build native UI for mobile and web platforms.
https://thenewstack.io/cross-platform-ui-framework-lynx-competes-with-react-native/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/issue-292/?fbclid=IwY2xjawJBQydleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHZy6buyX6XLmfv8JubUIHvVbrYt8MFo6YJDMP7g4fU9JavIIskEKN07IyA_aem_mIJmjS8ii6Hi2VoDD7VX3w
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://techxplore.com/news/2025-03-exo-language-high-code.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://devclass.com/2025/03/12/typescript-compiler-ported-to-native-code-c-faithful-ask-why-go-was-used/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/anthonymax/typescript-7-10x-speedup-and-the-go-language-1mkf
Tomi Engdahl says:
With critical thinking in decline, IT must rethink application usability
Opinion
Mar 11, 2025
7 mins
Design Thinking
Software Development
Intuitive user interfaces are no longer enough. CIOs need to shift application design toward deeper process analysis to deliver on-target features for business value. Here are four ideas that can help.
https://www.cio.com/article/3841632/with-critical-thinking-in-decline-it-must-rethink-application-usability.html
Improving usability to improve application usefulness
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.xda-developers.com/essential-firewall-rules-for-home-lab/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://clickhouse.com/blog/clickhouse-acquires-hyperdx-the-future-of-open-source-observability
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://soundspear.com/product/formula
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.xda-developers.com/ways-logseq-is-the-perfect-obsidian-alternative/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3839234/javascript-tools-and-frameworks-to-watch-in-2025.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2025/03/15/add-webusb-support-to-firefox-with-a-special-usb-device/
Tomi Engdahl says:
MIT:n uusi kieli antaa koodaajalle enemmän valtaa
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/17277-mit-n-uusi-kieli-antaa-koodaajalle-enemmaen-valtaa
MIT:n tietojenkäsittelytieteen ja tekoälyn laboratorion (CSAIL) tutkijat ovat kehittäneet uuden ohjelmointikielen, joka voi mullistaa suurteho- eli HPC-laskennan optimoinnin. Exo 2 -niminen kieli kuuluu uuteen “user-schedulable language” (USL) -kategorian ohjelmointikieliin, jotka antavat kehittäjille enemmän hallintaa koodin suorituskyvyn optimoinnissa.
Toisin kuin perinteiset kääntäjät, jotka generoivat valtavia määriä optimoitua koodia automaattisesti, Exo 2 antaa ohjelmoijille mahdollisuuden itse määritellä optimointisäännöt. Tämä tarkoittaa, että koodi saadaan tehokkaammaksi vähemmällä vaivalla
Perinteiset HPC-kirjastot, kuten NVIDIA:n kehittämät laskentakirjastot, voivat sisältää satojatuhansia rivejä koodia optimoidakseen suorituskyvyn erilaisille laitteistoille. Exo 2 sen sijaan mahdollistaa saman suorituskyvyn vain muutamalla sadalla koodirivillä. Tämä tarkoittaa, että pienetkin kehittäjäryhmät voivat tuottaa tehokasta HPC-koodia ilman suurten yritysten resursseja.
Exo 2:n ytimessä on käyttäjän määriteltävä ajoitus (scheduling), joka mahdollistaa optimoidun koodin kirjoittamisen suoraan tietylle laitteistolle. Tämä eliminoi tarpeettomat optimointikerrokset, joita perinteiset kääntäjät generoivat tuottaessaan geneerisesti optimoitua koodia eri prosessorialustoille.
Exo 2:n keskeinen ero muihin HPC-optimointikieliin on sen uusi mekanismi, Cursors, joka tarjoaa vakaan viitepisteen objektikoodille ajon aikana. Tämä mahdollistaa koodin ajoituksen muuttamisen ilman, että ohjelmoijan täytyy huolehtia muuttuvista objektikoodin rakenteista.
Exo 2 mahdollistaa uudelleenkäytettävien ajoituskirjastojen luomisen, mikä vähentää manuaalista optimointityötä jopa satakertaisesti.
Tomi Engdahl says:
“Don’t Learn to Code” advice from this tech CEO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apdMMuQFDsQ
Tomi Engdahl says:
Has Microsoft Abandoned C# and .NET?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RD421VBgEQk
TypeScript’s compiler is now written in Go. Is it over for C# and .NET and what can you do about it?
Tomi Engdahl says:
A 10x faster TypeScript
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNlq-EVld70
Anders Hejlsberg, lead architect of TypeScript and Technical Fellow at Microsoft, introduces a new port of TypeScript that will deliver the next generation of high-performance developer tooling.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Why developers write bad code – Kevlin Henney
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VurciuaCQiA
The Myth of Malicious Coding: Why developers aren’t intentionally writing poor code.
The Power of Conventions: How ingrained coding conventions and style choices shape code quality, often without developers even realizing it.
Log-and-Throw Example: Demonstrating how following a specific pattern, even a problematic one, leads to consistent (though undesirable) results.
Style Choice Experiments: My experiment where I mimicked specific coding styles and was surprised by the results.
Systematic vs. Arbitrary Code: Understanding that “bad code” is usually a product of a system, not random mistakes or ill intent.
Tomi Engdahl says:
How big should a source file be? – Uncle Bob
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AOTp2tqoN8
My 10 “Clean” Code Principles (Start These Now)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSDyiEjhp8k
Tomi Engdahl says:
Torvalds Speaks: Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Programming
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHHT6W-N0ak
Evolution of programming languages in the era of AI.
Enhancements in development workflows through machine learning.
Predictions for the future of software development with the integration of AI.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Coding makes you less hot
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/YsnFI-yMbik
Tomi Engdahl says:
Caido v0.47.0 Released – Burp Suite Alternative Web Pentesting Tool Brings New Features
https://cybersecuritynews.com/caido-v0-47-0-released/