Jeremy Reimer’s long-running History of the Amiga series is interesting reading for those who remember Commodore Amiga from their childhood. When it first arrived, the Amiga was a dream machine…
http://arstechnica.com/series/history-of-the-amiga/
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Tomi Engdahl says:
Almost An Amiga For Not A Lot
http://hackaday.com/2017/07/18/almost-an-amiga-for-not-a-lot/
For Amiga enthusiasts without the eye-watering sums required to secure one of the new Amiga-compatible machines with a PowerPC or similar at its heart, the only option to relive the glory beside finding an original machine is to run an emulator. [Marco Chiapetta] takes us through this process using a Raspberry Pi, and produces an Amiga that’s close enough to the real thing to satisfy most misty-eyed enthusiasts.
He starts with a cutesy Amiga-themed Raspberry Pi case
We’re taken through the set-up of the Amibian emulator distro, then locating a set of Amiga ROMs. Fortunately that last step is easier than you might think, even without trawling for an illicit copy.
Build A Killer Amiga Emulator For Under $100 With The Raspberry Pi 3
Read more at https://hothardware.com/reviews/amiga-emulator-with-raspberry-pi-3#7fjr0WEtwVE8RuJr.99
Tomi Engdahl says:
Amibian is what you need to transform your raspberry pi3 into an Amiga.
https://gunkrist79.wixsite.com/amibian
Tomi Engdahl says:
Amiga 500 Mainboard Gets an Open Hardware Remake with the Rämixx500 Project
https://www.hackster.io/news/amiga-500-mainboard-gets-an-open-hardware-remake-with-the-ramixx500-project-2ea3e8bf22b1
Grab the KiCad schematic and PCB files to recreate this retro motherboard.
Amiga 500 fans know there is a dwindling supply of original parts for their beloved platform. Thanks to Open Retro Works, the mainboard may no longer be in limited supply. Using KiCad, they recreated the original circuit board as an open hardware project called Rämixx500.
Tomi Engdahl says:
An Amiga Sampler 30 Years Later
https://hackaday.com/2020/08/08/an-amiga-sampler-30-years-later/
There was a magic moment for a few years around the end of the 1980s, when home computers were better than professional ones. That’s a mighty grand pronouncement, but it refers to the crop of 16-bit home computers that genuinely were far better than nearly all PCs at the time for multimedia tasks. You could plug a sampler cartridge into your Amiga and be in the dance charts in no time, something which sparked a boom in electronic music creativity. As retrocomputing interest has soared so have the prices of old hardware, and for those still making Amiga music that cart can now be outrageously expensive. it’s something [echolevel] has addressed, with an open-source recreation of an Amiga sampler.
OPEN AMIGA SAMPLER
https://github.com/echolevel/open-amiga-sampler
Open source schematics, parts lists and documentation for building a generic 8bit/mono Amiga sampler cartridge
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2022/12/20/a-love-letter-to-my-lost-amiga/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2023/03/08/scratch-built-amiga-2000-stacks-up-the-mods/
Tomi Engdahl says:
I was a video game software pirate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ockNRSt3Nsk
This is the story of how I inadvertently became a software pirate in the 80′s starting with the Commodore 64 and then to the Commodore Amiga where one program would change everything, X-Copy Pro. Please Enjoy!
Disclaimer: The video is not meant to promote software piracy in anyway, rather discuss my history and what most computer users in the 80′s experienced.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2024/06/04/the-amiga-we-all-wanted-in-1993/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2025/01/30/lessons-learned-when-restoring-an-amiga-1000/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://boingboing.net/2025/01/31/the-commodore-amiga-was-perfect.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2025/03/16/the-amiga-no-one-wanted/
The Amiga has a lot of fans, and rightly so. The machine broke a lot of ground. However, according to [Dave Farquhar], one of the most popular models today — the Amiga 600 — was reviled in 1992 by just about everyone. One of the last Amigas, it was supposed to be a low-cost home computer but was really just a repackaged Amiga 1000, a machine already seven years old which, at the time, might as well have been decades. The industry was moving at lightspeed back then.
Amiga 600: The Amiga no one wanted
https://dfarq.homeip.net/amiga-600-the-amiga-no-one-wanted/
The Amiga 600 was one of the last Amigas, and it became a symbol of everything wrong with Commodore and the product line. Retro enthusiasts like it today because of its small size, so it’s the perfect retro Amiga for today. But it couldn’t have been much more wrong for the time it was introduced, March 11-18, 1992 at the CeBit show.
The Amiga 600 was a cost-reduced Amiga for home use, similar in size and appearance to a Commodore 64. But internally it wasn’t much more than a repackaged Amiga 1000 from 1985, trying to compete with VGA graphics and 386 CPUs.
The Amiga 600 shows how Commodore didn’t understand its previous successes and failures. When Commodore was at its best, the process looked something like this. It decided on a price point to hit. Then its engineers built the computer they would want while staying within that budget. Most of Commodore’s engineers were computer enthusiasts themselves, so it was like a car company selling cars designed by car enthusiasts.
The machines built momentum fairly quickly. Other enthusiasts took to the machines, built peripherals and software to go with it, and created an ecosystem that sold the computer. Commodore’s marketing rarely said much more than their computer was better and cheaper than the others. For a while, that was all it took.
The Amiga 600 was the opposite of all that. It was 1985 technology repackaged to look as much like 1982 technology as possible, priced at $500 and released in 1992. But that didn’t include a monitor and hard drive. You wanted those. By the time you added a monitor and a hard drive to get the system you really wanted, it cost closer to $1,000. At that price, you could get an off-brand PC with a VGA monitor.
The Amiga 600 failed, and Commodore discontinued it in 1993. No one noticed though. Commodore still had inventory when it folded in 1994 so you could still get one if you wanted one. They had refurbished Amiga 500s too, so you could get one of those instead. And that’s what the people in the know went for, if they bought an Amiga instead of a PC.
Amiga 600 vs Amiga 500
In most ways, the Amiga 600 was just a cut-down version of the Amiga 500. Launched in 1987, the Amiga 500 had been pretty successful. It initially cost $695 when released, and was also a cut-down version of the Amiga 1000, repackaged in a single piece with a full keyboard that resembled the now-ubiquitous PC keyboard layout of today.
An ecosystem sprung up around the Amiga 500 because it was really expandable.
The Amiga 600 dispensed with most of that. All of the chips except the system ROM were soldered to the motherboard, so all the wonderful internal A500 expansions didn’t work anymore. The expansion port on the side disappeared, with a PCMCIA port in its place. That’s nice today, but in 1992, PCMCIA peripherals were fairly scarce. The keyboard shrunk down to something resembling today’s 40% keyboards. The only improvement it featured over the A500 was having a 44-pin IDE port on the motherboard.
It was fully software-compatible with the A500, but most of the peripherals that had sprung up around it over the previous five years had to be redesigned. It was a dated machine, with no hardware ecosystem around it, and offered no significant price savings over the machine it replaced.
Dated technology
Both the Amiga 500 and 600 featured a Motorola 68000 CPU running at 7 MHz. In 1987 this was fine. By 1992, that 68000 was competing with 16 MHz 386SX CPUs, which at least sounded much better. The perceived value of a 386SX at 16 MHz was much higher than that of a 7 MHz 68000. Apple discontinued its last computer based on the 68000 CPU in October 1992, which shows Commodore didn’t need to be trotting out a new machine based on that chip in March.
They also had 4-voice, stereo sound. In 1987, the Amiga’s sound was as good as it got. In 1992, a cheap PC couldn’t keep up. It either came with the standard PC speaker, or 3-voice Tandy sound, if you bought a Tandy 1000. But you could get an add-on card. By 1992, you could get a Sound Blaster with 22-voice sound. It cost more, but the perceived value was much higher too.
The graphics problem
But the biggest problem was the graphics. In 1985, the Amiga’s 640×200 resolution and ability to display up to 4,096 colors was revolutionary. But 1987 saw the introduction of VGA, with the ability to display 256 colors from a palette of 262,144 colors, and a maximum resolution of 640×480. It was shockingly expensive in 1987, but prices came down rapidly. The Amiga’s graphics lended themselves well to 2D platform-style games and allowed the Amiga to punch above its weight. A stock Amiga 600 can play a Commander Keen-style game just as smoothly as a faster PC.
But in May 1992, id Software dropped Wolfenstein 3D, the first 3D first-person shooting game. It ran reasonably well on a 386sx-based PC with VGA graphics, while nothing comparable existed on the Amiga. While a brand-name 386SX with a VGA monitor cost slightly more than an Amiga 600 with a monitor and comparable hard drive, it could do something fun that an Amiga couldn’t do. People will pay more money if it seems like it’s worth it. And with every succeeding month in 1992 and 1993, the value proposition favored the PC more and more.
Commodore’s bad decisions have led to a ton of armchair quarterbacking over the years, especially around the C-128 and C-65, and many of those ideas weren’t technologically possible at the time. One thing Commodore could have done fairly easily would have been to replace the CPU. ICD had an accelerator board for the Amiga 500 containing a 68000 CPU running at 14 MHz. Supra had an even better one, the Supra Turbo 28, with a 68HC000 running at 28 MHz. These made the Amiga noticeably faster, without costing a lot of money and while maintaining very high compatibility with the original. Commodore’s engineers could have redesigned the A600 motherboard to accommodate a faster 68000. They had the ability.
A faster CPU would have made the A600 look better on paper, and made Amiga owners more willing to forgive its other shortcomings. Commodore might have even been able to raise the price a little to eek out a little more much-needed profit margin.
The logic behind the Amiga 600
The blame for the Amiga 600 primarily lies on Commodore product manager Bill Sydnes. Sydnes had been the product manager for IBM’s doomed PCjr. His influence showed. He took a successful product, made a cut-down version of it, and made it look like the machine that beat his PCjr in the marketplace. Amiga engineers called it the Amiga Junior and got in trouble for doing so.
Had Commodore been able to cut the price significantly, consumers might have accepted it. The problem was the redesign didn’t have a lot to work with. Reducing the board size and changing to newer, cheaper capacitors saved a few dollars, but the big money was elsewhere. The Amiga’s custom chipset was still being manufactured using a dated manufacturing process. Commodore’s MOS subsidiary used a 3.5 µm manufacturing process, while Intel and other chip manufacturers were using a 1 or 1.5 µm process in 1985. By 1992, the rest of the industry had moved on to a .8 or .6 µm process. This meant Commodore’s competitors went from getting twice as many chips per wafer in 1985 to getting 3-5 times as many chips per wafer in 1992, so they could lower their prices much more quickly.
That’s why Commodore couldn’t price a bare A600 at $199 or $299. At that price, it might have had a chance because it could be the computer you bought if you couldn’t afford anything else. At $499, you had enough money to have other options, whether that meant a dated PC/XT clone, a used or refurbished Amiga 500, or saving up a few more months to get a more current PC.
Commodore’s other option
Commodore had an ace in the hole in 1992: The Amiga 1200. Unlike the Amiga 600, it was a real improvement over the Amiga 500, with a faster 32-bit 68EC020 CPU running at 14 MHz, and VGA-like AGA graphics. In some ways it was too little, too late and it probably was. But the Amiga had a cult following, and it was enough to keep that niche interested, especially in Europe where the Amiga had a bigger following.
The problem was MOS technology couldn’t make the new chips. They were too complex. Commodore farmed out the graphics chip to HP and the memory/bus controller to VLSI. But since it wasn’t used to working with outside suppliers, it didn’t get the order in soon enough to get the chips in large quantities. So when Christmas 1992 came around, Commodore didn’t have enough chips to keep up with Amiga 1200 demand.
The Amiga 600 came out in March 1992 and the A1200 came out in October. Commodore couldn’t make up its mind which machine to build, and stepped right into the Osborne effect. In a perfect world, Commodore would have decided much earlier in the year to go with the Amiga 1200 so it could at least flood the market at Christmas. Better yet, it would have introduced it earlier in the year.
With too few A1200s to meet demand, they tried to make up the difference with Amiga 600s, and that went about as well as you’d imagine. Commodore ended up with piles of unsellable inventory, and the inability to keep up with early demand for the Amiga 1200 meant it lost momentum. Given the choice between going on a waiting list for an Amiga 1200, buying a 386SX immediately, or buying an Amiga 600, many more chose that 386sx. The 386sx looked like a comparable machine and it had Wolfenstein 3D.
This meant Commodore had a problem. It had a pile of machines no one wanted. It had money tied up in those machines. That meant Commodore had less money to pay HP and VLSI for chips to make the machines people did want. After a disastrous Christmas 1992 season, Commodore bled cash for five more quarters and went out of business in April 1994.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Is this Commodore’s Last Computer?
https://www.reddit.com/r/retrobattlestations/comments/ab1zdi/is_this_commodores_last_computer/
That is a generic PC ‘clone’ onto which Commodore branding has been attached. As it happens, after Commodore International’s bankruptcy there was a great deal of confusion as to the ownership of Commodore’s IP and Commodore Canada, as somewhat independent subsidiary tried to squeeze whatever money they could from the Commodore name and logo by licensing 3D Micro Computers (who marketed their machines under the IPC name) to sell clones with Commodore branding. Notice that the 1-800-846-7655 number on the printed material corresponds to 3D Micro Computers.
Not to be cruel but it isn’t a true Commodore computer in the sense that it wasn’t designed, manufactured, marketed, and sold by Commodore like a PET, 64 or Amiga, to name a few. It’s more of a sad reminder of just how far the mighty had fallen. It actually makes me sad.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_IBM_PC_compatible_systems