The idea for this posting started when I read New approaches to dominate in embedded development article. Then I found some ther related articles and here is the result: long article.
Embedded devices, or embedded systems, are specialized computer systems that constitute components of larger electromechanical systems with which they interface. The advent of low-cost wireless connectivity is altering many things in embedded development: With a connection to the Internet, an embedded device can gain access to essentially unlimited processing power and memory in cloud service – and at the same time you need to worry about communication issues like breaks connections, latency and security issues.
Those issues are espcecially in the center of the development of popular Internet of Things device and adding connectivity to existing embedded systems. All this means that the whole nature of the embedded development effort is going to change. A new generation of programmers are already making more and more embedded systems. Rather than living and breathing C/C++, the new generation prefers more high-level, abstract languages (like Java, Python, JavaScript etc.). Instead of trying to craft each design to optimize for cost, code size, and performance, the new generation wants to create application code that is separate from an underlying platform that handles all the routine details. Memory is cheap, so code size is only a minor issue in many applications.
Historically, a typical embedded system has been designed as a control-dominated system using only a state-oriented model, such as FSMs. However, the trend in embedded systems design in recent years has been towards highly distributed architectures with support for concurrency, data and control flow, and scalable distributed computations. For example computer networks, modern industrial control systems, electronics in modern car,Internet of Things system fall to this category. This implies that a different approach is necessary.
Companies are also marketing to embedded developers in new ways. Ultra-low cost development boards to woo makers, hobbyists, students, and entrepreneurs on a shoestring budget to a processor architecture for prototyping and experimentation have already become common.If you look under the hood of any connected embedded consumer or mobile device, in addition to the OS you will find a variety of middleware applications. As hardware becomes powerful and cheap enough that the inefficiencies of platform-based products become moot. Leaders with Embedded systems development lifecycle management solutions speak out on new approaches available today in developing advanced products and systems.
Traditional approaches
C/C++
Tradionally embedded developers have been living and breathing C/C++. For a variety of reasons, the vast majority of embedded toolchains are designed to support C as the primary language. If you want to write embedded software for more than just a few hobbyist platforms, your going to need to learn C. Very many embedded systems operating systems, including Linux Kernel, are written using C language. C can be translated very easily and literally to assembly, which allows programmers to do low level things without the restrictions of assembly. When you need to optimize for cost, code size, and performance the typical choice of language is C. Still C is today used for maximum efficiency instead of C++.
C++ is very much alike C, with more features, and lots of good stuff, while not having many drawbacks, except fror it complexity. The had been for years suspicion C++ is somehow unsuitable for use in small embedded systems. At some time many 8- and 16-bit processors were lacking a C++ compiler, that may be a concern, but there are now 32-bit microcontrollers available for under a dollar supported by mature C++ compilers.Today C++ is used a lot more in embedded systems. There are many factors that may contribute to this, including more powerful processors, more challenging applications, and more familiarity with object-oriented languages.
And if you use suitable C++ subset for coding, you can make applications that work even on quite tiny processors, let the Arduino system be an example of that: You’re writing in C/C++, using a library of functions with a fairly consistent API. There is no “Arduino language” and your “.ino” files are three lines away from being standard C++.
Today C++ has not displaced C. Both of the languages are widely used, sometimes even within one system – for example in embedded Linux system that runs C++ application. When you write a C or C++ programs for modern Embedded Linux you typically use GCC compiler toolchain to do compilation and make file to manage compilation process.
Most organization put considerable focus on software quality, but software security is different. When the security is very much talked about topic todays embedded systems, the security of the programs written using C/C++ becomes sometimes a debated subject. Embedded development presents the challenge of coding in a language that’s inherently insecure; and quality assurance does little to ensure security. The truth is that majority of today’s Internet connected systems have their networking fuctionality written using C even of the actual application layer is written using some other methods.
Java
Java is a general-purpose computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based and object-oriented.The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++, but it has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. Java is intended to let application developers “write once, run anywhere” (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation.Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. Java is one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications. In addition to those it is widely used in mobile phones (Java apps in feature phones,) and some embedded applications. Some common examples include SIM cards, VOIP phones, Blu-ray Disc players, televisions, utility meters, healthcare gateways, industrial controls, and countless other devices.
Some experts point out that Java is still a viable option for IoT programming. Think of the industrial Internet as the merger of embedded software development and the enterprise. In that area, Java has a number of key advantages: first is skills – there are lots of Java developers out there, and that is an important factor when selecting technology. Second is maturity and stability – when you have devices which are going to be remotely managed and provisioned for a decade, Java’s stability and care about backwards compatibility become very important. Third is the scale of the Java ecosystem – thousands of companies already base their business on Java, ranging from Gemalto using JavaCard on their SIM cards to the largest of the enterprise software vendors.
Although in the past some differences existed between embedded Java and traditional PC based Java solutions, the only difference now is that embedded Java code in these embedded systems is mainly contained in constrained memory, such as flash memory. A complete convergence has taken place since 2010, and now Java software components running on large systems can run directly with no recompilation at all on design-to-cost mass-production devices (consumers, industrial, white goods, healthcare, metering, smart markets in general,…) Java for embedded devices (Java Embedded) is generally integrated by the device manufacturers. It is NOT available for download or installation by consumers. Originally Java was tightly controlled by Sun (now Oracle), but in 2007 Sun relicensed most of its Java technologies under the GNU General Public License. Others have also developed alternative implementations of these Sun technologies, such as the GNU Compiler for Java (bytecode compiler), GNU Classpath (standard libraries), and IcedTea-Web (browser plugin for applets).
My feelings with Java is that if your embedded systems platform supports Java and you know hot to code Java, then it could be a good tool. If your platform does not have ready Java support, adding it could be quite a bit of work.
Increasing trends
Databases
Embedded databases are coming more and more to the embedded devices. If you look under the hood of any connected embedded consumer or mobile device, in addition to the OS you will find a variety of middleware applications. One of the most important and most ubiquitous of these is the embedded database. An embedded database system is a database management system (DBMS) which is tightly integrated with an application software that requires access to stored data, such that the database system is “hidden” from the application’s end-user and requires little or no ongoing maintenance.
There are many possible databases. First choice is what kind of database you need. The main choices are SQL databases and simpler key-storage databases (also called NoSQL).
SQLite is the Database chosen by virtually all mobile operating systems. For example Android and iOS ship with SQLite. It is also built into for example Firefox web browser. It is also often used with PHP. So SQLite is probably a pretty safe bet if you need relational database for an embedded system that needs to support SQL commands and does not need to store huge amounts of data (no need to modify database with millions of lines of data).
If you do not need relational database and you need very high performance, you need probably to look somewhere else.Berkeley DB (BDB) is a software library intended to provide a high-performance embedded database for key/value data. Berkeley DB is written in Cwith API bindings for many languages. BDB stores arbitrary key/data pairs as byte arrays. There also many other key/value database systems.
RTA (Run Time Access) gives easy runtime access to your program’s internal structures, arrays, and linked-lists as tables in a database. When using RTA, your UI programs think they are talking to a PostgreSQL database (PostgreSQL bindings for C and PHP work, as does command line tool psql), but instead of normal database file you are actually accessing internals of your software.
Software quality
Building quality into embedded software doesn’t happen by accident. Quality must be built-in from the beginning. Software startup checklist gives quality a head start article is a checklist for embedded software developers to make sure they kick-off their embedded software implementation phase the right way, with quality in mind
Safety
Traditional methods for achieving safety properties mostly originate from hardware-dominated systems. Nowdays more and more functionality is built using software – including safety critical functions. Software-intensive embedded systems require new approaches for safety. Embedded Software Can Kill But Are We Designing Safely?
IEC, FDA, FAA, NHTSA, SAE, IEEE, MISRA, and other professional agencies and societies work to create safety standards for engineering design. But are we following them? A survey of embedded design practices leads to some disturbing inferences about safety.Barr Group’s recent annual Embedded Systems Safety & Security Survey indicate that we all need to be concerned: Only 67 percent are designing to relevant safety standards, while 22 percent stated that they are not—and 11 percent did not even know if they were designing to a standard or not.
If you were the user of a safety-critical embedded device and learned that the designers had not followed best practices and safety standards in the design of the device, how worried would you be? I know I would be anxious, and quite frankly. This is quite disturbing.
Security
The advent of low-cost wireless connectivity is altering many things in embedded development – it has added to your list of worries need to worry about communication issues like breaks connections, latency and security issues. Understanding security is one thing; applying that understanding in a complete and consistent fashion to meet security goals is quite another. Embedded development presents the challenge of coding in a language that’s inherently insecure; and quality assurance does little to ensure security.
Developing Secure Embedded Software white paper explains why some commonly used approaches to security typically fail:
MISCONCEPTION 1: SECURITY BY OBSCURITY IS A VALID STRATEGY
MISCONCEPTION 2: SECURITY FEATURES EQUAL SECURE SOFTWARE
MISCONCEPTION 3: RELIABILITY AND SAFETY EQUAL SECURITY
MISCONCEPTION 4: DEFENSIVE PROGRAMMING GUARANTEES SECURITY
Some techniques for building security to embedded systems:
Use secure communications protocols and use VPN to secure communications
The use of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) for boot-time and code authentication
Establishing a “chain of trust”
Process separation to partition critical code and memory spaces
Leveraging safety-certified code
Hardware enforced system partitioning with a trusted execution environment
Plan the system so that it can be easily and safely upgraded when needed
Flood of new languages
Rather than living and breathing C/C++, the new generation prefers more high-level, abstract languages (like Java, Python, JavaScript etc.). So there is a huge push to use interpreted and scripting also in embedded systems. Increased hardware performance on embedded devices combined with embedded Linux has made the use of many scripting languages good tools for implementing different parts of embedded applications (for example web user interface). Nowadays it is common to find embedded hardware devices, based on Raspberry Pi for instance, that are accessible via a network, run Linux and come with Apache and PHP installed on the device. There are also many other relevant languages
One workable solution, especially for embedded Linux systems is that part of the activities organized by totetuettu is a C program instead of scripting languages (Scripting). This enables editing operation simply script files by editing without the need to turn the whole system software again. Scripting languages are also tools that can be implemented, for example, a Web user interface more easily than with C / C ++ language. An empirical study found scripting languages (such as Python) more productive than conventional languages (such as C and Java) for a programming problem involving string manipulation and search in a dictionary.
Scripting languages have been around for a couple of decades Linux and Unix server world standard tools. the proliferation of embedded Linux and resources to merge systems (memory, processor power) growth has made them a very viable tool for many embedded systems – for example, industrial systems, telecommunications equipment, IoT gateway, etc . Some of the command language is suitable for up well even in quite small embedded environments.
I have used with embedded systems successfully mm. Bash, AWK, PHP, Python and Lua scripting languages. It works really well and is really easy to make custom code quickly .It doesn’t require a complicated IDE; all you really need is a terminal – but if you want there are many IDEs that can be used. High-level, dynamically typed languages, such as Python, Ruby and JavaScript. They’re easy—and even fun—to use. They lend themselves to code that easily can be reused and maintained.
There are some thing that needs to be considered when using scripting languages. Sometimes lack of static checking vs a regular compiler can cause problems to be thrown at run-time. But it is better off practicing “strong testing” than relying on strong typing. Other ownsides of these languages is that they tend to execute more slowly than static languages like C/C++, but for very many aplications they are more than adequate. Once you know your way around dynamic languages, as well the frameworks built in them, you get a sense of what runs quickly and what doesn’t.
Bash and other shell scipting
Shell commands are the native language of any Linux system. With the thousands of commands available for the command line user, how can you remember them all? The answer is, you don’t. The real power of the computer is its ability to do the work for you – the power of the shell script is the way to easily to automate things by writing scripts. Shell scripts are collections of Linux command line commands that are stored in a file. The shell can read this file and act on the commands as if they were typed at the keyboard.In addition to that shell also provides a variety of useful programming features that you are familar on other programming langauge (if, for, regex, etc..). Your scripts can be truly powerful. Creating a script extremely straight forward: It can be created by opening a separate editor such or you can do it through a terminal editor such as VI (or preferably some else more user friendly terminal editor). Many things on modern Linux systems rely on using scripts (for example starting and stopping different Linux services at right way).
The most common type of shell script is a bash script. Bash is a commonly used scripting language for shell scripts. In BASH scripts (shell scripts written in BASH) users can use more than just BASH to write the script. There are commands that allow users to embed other scripting languages into a BASH script.
There are also other shells. For example many small embedded systems use BusyBox. BusyBox providesis software that provides several stripped-down Unix tools in a single executable file (more than 300 common command). It runs in a variety of POSIX environments such as Linux, Android and FreeeBSD. BusyBox become the de facto standard core user space toolset for embedded Linux devices and Linux distribution installers.
Shell scripting is a very powerful tool that I used a lot in Linux systems, both embedded systems and servers.
Lua
Lua is a lightweight cross-platform multi-paradigm programming language designed primarily for embedded systems and clients. Lua was originally designed in 1993 as a language for extending software applications to meet the increasing demand for customization at the time. It provided the basic facilities of most procedural programming languages. Lua is intended to be embedded into other applications, and provides a C API for this purpose.
Lua has found many uses in many fields. For example in video game development, Lua is widely used as a scripting language by game programmers. Wireshark network packet analyzer allows protocol dissectors and post-dissector taps to be written in Lua – this is a good way to analyze your custom protocols.
There are also many embedded applications. LuCI, the default web interface for OpenWrt, is written primarily in Lua. NodeMCU is an open source hardware platform, which can run Lua directly on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC. I have tested NodeMcu and found it very nice system.
PHP
PHP is a server-side HTML embedded scripting language. It provides web developers with a full suite of tools for building dynamic websites but can also be used as a general-purpose programming language. Nowadays it is common to find embedded hardware devices, based on Raspberry Pi for instance, that are accessible via a network, run Linux and come with Apache and PHP installed on the device. So on such enviroment is a good idea to take advantage of those built-in features for the applications they are good – for building web user interface. PHP is often embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in combination with various web template systems, web content management system and web frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module in the web server or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable.
Python
Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability. Python interpreters are available for installation on many operating systems, allowing Python code execution on a wide variety of systems. Many operating systems include Python as a standard component; the language ships for example with most Linux distributions.
Python is a multi-paradigm programming language: object-oriented programming and structured programming are fully supported, and there are a number of language features which support functional programming and aspect-oriented programming, Many other paradigms are supported using extensions, including design by contract and logic programming.
Python is a remarkably powerful dynamic programming language that is used in a wide variety of application domains. Since 2003, Python has consistently ranked in the top ten most popular programming languages as measured by the TIOBE Programming Community Index. Large organizations that make use of Python include Google, Yahoo!, CERN, NASA. Python is used successfully in thousands of real world business applications around globally, including many large and mission-critical systems such as YouTube.com and Google.com.
Python was designed to be highly extensible. Libraries like NumPy, SciPy and Matplotlib allow the effective use of Python in scientific computing. Python is intended to be a highly readable language. Python can also be embedded in existing applications and hasbeen successfully embedded in a number of software products as a scripting language. Python can serve as a scripting language for web applications, e.g., via mod_wsgi for the Apache web server.
Python can be used in embedded, small or minimal hardware devices. Some modern embedded devices have enough memory and a fast enough CPU to run a typical Linux-based environment, for example, and running CPython on such devices is mostly a matter of compilation (or cross-compilation) and tuning. Various efforts have been made to make CPython more usable for embedded applications.
For more limited embedded devices, a re-engineered or adapted version of CPython, might be appropriate. Examples of such implementations include the following: PyMite, Tiny Python, Viper. Sometimes the embedded environment is just too restrictive to support a Python virtual machine. In such cases, various Python tools can be employed for prototyping, with the eventual application or system code being generated and deployed on the device. Also MicroPython and tinypy have been ported Python to various small microcontrollers and architectures. Real world applications include Telit GSM/GPRS modules that allow writing the controlling application directly in a high-level open-sourced language: Python.
Python on embedded platforms? It is quick to develop apps, quick to debug – really easy to make custom code quickly. Sometimes lack of static checking vs a regular compiler can cause problems to be thrown at run-time. To avoid those try to have 100% test coverage. pychecker is a very useful too also which will catch quite a lot of common errors. The only downsides for embedded work is that sometimes python can be slow and sometimes it uses a lot of memory (relatively speaking). An empirical study found scripting languages (such as Python) more productive than conventional languages (such as C and Java) for a programming problem involving string manipulation and search in a dictionary. Memory consumption was often “better than Java and not much worse than C or C++”.
JavaScript and node.js
JavaScript is a very popular high-level language. Love it or hate it, JavaScript is a popular programming language for many, mainly because it’s so incredibly easy to learn. JavaScript’s reputation for providing users with beautiful, interactive websites isn’t where its usefulness ends. Nowadays, it’s also used to create mobile applications, cross-platform desktop software, and thanks to Node.js, it’s even capable of creating and running servers and databases! There is huge community of developers. JavaScript is a high-level language.
Its event-driven architecture fits perfectly with how the world operates – we live in an event-driven world. This event-driven modality is also efficient when it comes to sensors.
Regardless of the obvious benefits, there is still, understandably, some debate as to whether JavaScript is really up to the task to replace traditional C/C++ software in Internet connected embedded systems.
It doesn’t require a complicated IDE; all you really need is a terminal.
JavaScript is a high-level language. While this usually means that it’s more human-readable and therefore more user-friendly, the downside is that this can also make it somewhat slower. Being slower definitely means that it may not be suitable for situations where timing and speed are critical.
JavaScript is already in embedded boards. You can run JavaScipt on Raspberry Pi and BeagleBone. There are also severa other popular JavaScript-enabled development boards to help get you started: The Espruino is a small microcontroller that runs JavaScript. The Tessel 2 is a development board that comes with integrated wi-fi, an ethernet port, two USB ports, and companion source library downloadable via the Node Package Manager. The Kinoma Create, dubbed the “JavaScript powered Internet of Things construction kit.”The best part is that, depending on the needs of your device, you can even compile your JavaScript code into C!
JavaScript for embedded systems is still in its infancy, but we suspect that some major advancements are on the horizon.We for example see a surprising amount of projects using Node.js.Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform runtime environment for developing server-side Web applications. Node.js has an event-driven architecture capable of asynchronous I/O that allows highly scalable servers without using threading, by using a simplified model of event-driven programming that uses callbacks to signal the completion of a task. The runtime environment interprets JavaScript using Google‘s V8 JavaScript engine.Node.js allows the creation of Web servers and networking tools using JavaScript and a collection of “modules” that handle various core functionality. Node.js’ package ecosystem, npm, is the largest ecosystem of open source libraries in the world. Modern desktop IDEs provide editing and debugging features specifically for Node.js applications
JXcore is a fork of Node.js targeting mobile devices and IoTs. JXcore is a framework for developing applications for mobile and embedded devices using JavaScript and leveraging the Node ecosystem (110,000 modules and counting)!
Why is it worth exploring node.js development in an embedded environment? JavaScript is a widely known language that was designed to deal with user interaction in a browser.The reasons to use Node.js for hardware are simple: it’s standardized, event driven, and has very high productivity: it’s dynamically typed, which makes it faster to write — perfectly suited for getting a hardware prototype out the door. For building a complete end-to-end IoT system, JavaScript is very portable programming system. Typically an IoT projects require “things” to communicate with other “things” or applications. The huge number of modules available in Node.js makes it easier to generate interfaces – For example, the HTTP module allows you to create easily an HTTP server that can easily map the GET method specific URLs to your software function calls. If your embedded platform has ready made Node.js support available, you should definately consider using it.
Future trends
According to New approaches to dominate in embedded development article there will be several camps of embedded development in the future:
One camp will be the traditional embedded developer, working as always to craft designs for specific applications that require the fine tuning. These are most likely to be high-performance, low-volume systems or else fixed-function, high-volume systems where cost is everything.
Another camp might be the embedded developer who is creating a platform on which other developers will build applications. These platforms might be general-purpose designs like the Arduino, or specialty designs such as a virtual PLC system.
This third camp is likely to become huge: Traditional embedded development cannot produce new designs in the quantities and at the rate needed to deliver the 50 billion IoT devices predicted by 2020.
Transition will take time. The enviroment is different than computer and mobile world. There are too many application areas with too widely varying requirements for a one-size-fits-all platform to arise.
Sources
Most important information sources:
New approaches to dominate in embedded development
A New Approach for Distributed Computing in Embedded Systems
New Approaches to Systems Engineering and Embedded Software Development
Embracing Java for the Internet of Things
Embedded Linux – Shell Scripting 101
Embedded Linux – Shell Scripting 102
Embedding Other Languages in BASH Scripts
PHP Integration with Embedded Hardware Device Sensors – PHP Classes blog
JavaScript: The Perfect Language for the Internet of Things (IoT)
Anyone using Python for embedded projects?
JavaScript: The Perfect Language for the Internet of Things (IoT)
MICROCONTROLLERS AND NODE.JS, NATURALLY
Node.JS Appliances on Embedded Linux Devices
The smartest way to program smart things: Node.js
Embedded Software Can Kill But Are We Designing Safely?
DEVELOPING SECURE EMBEDDED SOFTWARE
1,686 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
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https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/power/article/21266889/wepower-technologies-backing-off-batteries-as-our-default-iot-device-power-source?utm_source=EG+ED+Connected+Solutions&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS230525031&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.identpull=omeda|7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
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Tomi Engdahl says:
Device Security by Design Series
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This series of webinars addresses the security aspects and recommendations for IoT device design.
https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/embedded/security/article/21270194/electronic-design-device-security-by-design-series?utm_source=EG+ED+Connected+Solutions&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS230810132&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.identpull=omeda|7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/embedded/security/article/21270194/electronic-design-device-security-by-design-series?utm_source=EG+ED+Connected+Solutions&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS230810132&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.identpull=omeda|7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.digikey.com/en/product-highlight/n/national-instruments/test-workflow-software?dclid=CIKax5-244ADFRIPogMdepAJbg
Tomi Engdahl says:
I have found syslog logging very useful in Linux systems. Just make the script to send info to syslog, and you get easily nice time stamped list in the file you want, you can filter out what log information to write or discard, and you can even easily forward the log data to a central server if you want. Sending messages to syslog is easy.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Sensor Data Fusion: More than Just Sensor Integration
https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/sensor-data-fusion-more-than-just-sensor-integration?dclid=CJiXzpX05YADFUgPogMdAz8NfA
Tomi Engdahl says:
5 Standouts in Sensor Technology
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https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/test-measurement/media-gallery/21271908/electronic-design-5-standouts-in-sensor-technology?utm_source=EG+ED+Analog+%26+Power+Source&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS230810118&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.identpull=omeda|7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.ti.com/microcontrollers-mcus-processors/overview.html?DCM=yes&dclid=CIC19dDv8oADFdgQogMdNngOZA#technology?HQS=null-null-procbr-process_gen_microcontrollers-asset-pp-electronicdesign_psfi_process_l1-wwe_awr
Tomi Engdahl says:
How to Deploy Secure and Robust Wireless Connectivity for Smart Energy and Utilities
https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/how-to-deploy-secure-robust-wireless-connectivity-smart-energy-utilities?dclid=CMHorbuH84ADFRANogMdAfoDjA
Wireless communications, including local networking and cloud connectivity, are an essential element in a range of smart energy and utility systems, including energy meters, critical infrastructure, green energy systems, electric vehicles, grid modernization, the smart grid, and smart cities. These applications often involve edge connectivity and require low latency, predictable and secure communication that can be supported using IEEE 802.15.4, Zigbee, Bluetooth, and other protocols. In some instances, they can benefit from a low-power, high throughput wireless protocol like the IEEE 802.11 g/n standard that provides high data rate network access within approximately 300 meters outdoors.
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Tomi Engdahl says:
Security Verification for Embedded Hardware Designs
Aug. 7, 2023
At the core of every secure product is robust hardware security, which must also address the threats created by hardware vulnerabilities.
https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/test-measurement/video/21271002/electronic-design-security-verification-for-embedded-hardware-designs?utm_source=EG+ED+Connected+Solutions&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS230817098&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.identpull=omeda|7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Radix systematically detects known and yet-to-be-discovered security vulnerabilities, including those using standards like MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE). It implements an asset-based methodology using a comprehensive security verification methodology centered around security assets.
Security rules are validated in any existing verification environment, enabling the automation of rigorous security verification throughout development, which can be reused across the design cycle and even across multiple design projects. Information flow analysis tracks and traces all security assets independently of their values, across the chip and through logical and sequential transformations.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Suosittuja ohjaimia voi ohjelmoida Visual Studiossa
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/15164-suosittuja-ohjaimia-voi-ohjelmoida-visual-studiossa
Renesas on yksi johtavista mikro-ohjainten kehittäjistä ja tunnettu erityisesti autojen järjestelmien sirutoimittajana. Nyt yhtiö ilmoittaa, että sen kaikkia ohjainpiirejä voidaan koodata Microsoftin Visual Studio -työkaluilla.
Renesas on lisännyt työkalulaajennuksia kaikille sulautetuille prosessoreilleen Microsoft VS Code -verkkosivustolle
Suosittu VS Code IDE yksinkertaistaa ja nopeuttaa koodin muokkausta useissa eri alustoissa ja käyttöjärjestelmissä. VS Code -tuki täydentää Renesasin omaa tehokasta ja joustavaa e2-studio-IDE:tä, jota tuhannet suunnittelijat ympäri maailmaa käyttävät.
Renesas Extensions for Visual Studio Code
IDE and Coding Tool
https://www.renesas.com/eu/en/software-tool/renesas-extension-of-vscode
Tomi Engdahl says:
Raspberry Pi -korttia voi koodata selaimessa
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/15179-raspberry-pi-korttia-voi-koodata-selaimessa
Raspberry Pi on suosituin kehittäjien ja rakentelijoiden korttitietokone. Sen suosio kasvaa koko ajan ja arvioiden mukaan markkinoille pukataan pian miljoona korttia joka kuukausi. Nyt myös koodin tekeminen kortille on tehty aiempaa helpommaksi.
Jo pari kuukautta sitten Raspberry Pi -säätiö ilmoitti, että verkkopohjaista koodieditoria pääsi testaamaan. Nyt editori on julkistettu avoimen koodin versiona, jotta kehittäjät voivat käyttää sitä ja jopa osallistua sen kehittämiseen.
Editorin avulla voi ajaa koodia suoraan selaimessa ilman mitään asennusta.
Python on ensimmäinen ohjelmointikieli, jota Code Editor tukee, koska se on suosittu kouluissa, koodaripajoissa ja -klubeissa sekä teollisuudessa. Pian säätiö sanoo lisäävänsä editoriin tuen HTML- ja CSS-kielille.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://editor.raspberrypi.org/en/
Our Code Editor is open source
https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/code-editor-open-source/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Tinkercad Arduino simulation
https://www.tinkercad.com/things/bTSWA8XP3Ds-mighty-krunk/editel?tenant=circuits
Tomi Engdahl says:
This handy tool lets MicroPython developers access all the usual features of VS Code, including autocompletion and dependency handling.
Braden Mars’ Micropy Cli Brings Microsoft’s Visual Studio Code IDE to Bear on MicroPython Projects
Handy tool lets MicroPython developers access all the usual features of VS Code, including autocompletion and dependency handling.
https://www.hackster.io/news/braden-mars-micropy-cli-brings-microsoft-s-visual-studio-code-ide-to-bear-on-micropython-projects-da4e809c8d71?fbclid=IwAR2AO0QrEVXA_z-5THnBsrMd92EKN7rS7ux0sJMaSPxzyKWcLuNYLngmRUY
Developer Braden Mars is looking to make it easier to build and maintain MicroPython projects in Microsoft’s popular Visual Studio Code (VS Code) integrated development envionrments (IDE), using a tool he’s dubbed Micropy Cli.
“Micropy Cli is a project management/generation tool for writing MicroPython code in modern IDEs such as VSCode,”
MicroPython, a variant of the popular Python programming language specifically tailored for resource-constrained microcontrollers, is often used in small-scale single-file projects — but can also be used in bigger, more complex creations. It’s here that Micropy Cli is likely to appeal, offering the ability to use Visual Studio Code’s project-handling capabilities for MicroPython projects.
“Currently, handling dependencies with MicroPython is a bit tricky,”
More information on the project is available on GitHub, where the source code is published under the permissive MIT license
https://github.com/BradenM/micropy-cli
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2023/07/10/microlisp-lisp-for-microcontrollers-now-has-lisp-based-arm-assembler/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Embedded System Power and Energy Estimation Tool
https://hackaday.io/project/183805-embedded-system-power-and-energy-estimation-tool
Python tools for analyzing a system’s power consumption over time. Support for battery models and energy harvesting such as solar power.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2023/08/26/accurate-cycle-counting-on-rp2040-micropython/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Optimizing Signal Integrity in IoT Designs – Debug and Analysis Considerations
https://www.rigolna.com/optimizing-signal-integrity-in-iot-designs–debug-and-analysis-considerations/?utm_source=ED&utm_medium=personif&utm_campaign=Signal
Tomi Engdahl says:
Software-defined Test: An Easier Way to Automate and Validate
improve system-level efficiency through hardware consolidation by:
• Using LabVIEW to collect raw data, perform post-processing, and deploy multiple test instruments in a single hardware platform.
• Controlling multiple units with embedded instruments via APIs to synchronize your test bench.
• Leveraging flexible, FPGA-based processing with a digital-first approach to quickly adapt instrumentation to your measurement requirements with minimal manual intervention.
• Building automated signal-processing pipelines with multi-instrument capabilities and custom programmability.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Which Embedded RTOS is Right for Your Application?
Aug. 29, 2023
Whether it’s safely operating a motor vehicle or a spacecraft on a distant planet, there’s an RTOS that can make sure it gets there. Here’s a field guide to real-time software that can help you identify the architecture best suited to your project.
https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/software/operating-systems/article/21272609/electronic-design-which-embedded-rtos-is-right-for-your-application?utm_source=EG+ED+Connected+Solutions&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS230914134&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.identpull=omeda|7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
What you’ll learn:
RTOS architectures and security mechanisms vary almost as widely as the applications they support.
For many applications, excellent open-source RTOS kernels, application stacks, and development tools are available at low cost—or even free.
How 30+ years of RTOS evolution have produced several unique architectures that provide extremely high levels of reliability and security.
To help you find an RTOS that’s a good match for your application, we’ve curated a small sampling of RTOSs that cut across the broad application space where real-time embedded computing is commonly used today.
AUTOSAR
If your real-time application involves any type of vehicle, AUTOSAR should be on your short list of candidate RTOSs. First released in 2003, AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) was developed as an open platform that addressed some of the emerging issues stemming from the rapid adoption of embedded computing in mission-critical automotive systems.
Since AUTOSAR is primarily used in automotive applications, it’s been designed from the ground up to make efficient use of the limited memory and resource-constrained MCUs found in most automotive electronic control units (ECUs). It also provides native support for commonly used automotive buses, including CANbus, FlexRay, and Ethernet.
FreeRTOS
FreeRTOS is a very popular real-time operating-system kernel for microcontrollers and small microprocessors used in embedded devices, with an emphasis on reliability and ease of use. It’s usually written in the C programming language, only requiring a minimum of assembly language instructions, mostly for its architecture-specific scheduler routines. This makes the kernel easy to port and maintain across multiple processor architectures.
At present, FreeRTOS is supported by 15+ toolchains and over 40 MCU architectures, including the latest RISC-V and ARMv8-M (Arm Cortex-M33) MCUs, such as Texas Instruments’ Sitara series.2
FreeRTOS implements multiple threads by having the host program call a thread tick method at regular short intervals.
Distributed freely under the MIT open-source license, FreeRTOS includes a kernel and a growing set of libraries that cater to the specific requirements of IoT applications. The OS, and its libraries of drivers, security updates, and application-specific add-ons, are maintained by Amazon Web Services (AWS) for the benefit of the FreeRTOS community.
Two other licensed variants of FreeRTOS are also available:
OpenRTOS is a commercially licensed version of the FreeRTOS kernel that includes indemnification and dedicated support. FreeRTOS and OpenRTOS share the same code base.
SAFERTOS is a derivative version of the FreeRTOS kernel that’s been analyzed, documented, and tested to meet the stringent requirements of industrial (IEC 61508 SIL 3), medical (IEC 62304 and FDA 510(K)), automotive (ISO 26262), and other international safety standards. SafeRTOS includes independently audited safety lifecycle documentation artifacts.
INTEGRITY RTOS
Created and maintained by Green Hills Software, the INTEGRITY RTOS is one of the oldest (30+ years), most feature-rich, and battle-hardened embedded RTOS platforms on the market (Fig. 3). With a long heritage of use in aerospace, military, and other big-ticket, mission-critical applications, it’s no surprise that INTEGRITY and its related add-ons are on the high end of the RTOS cost continuum. But, in many cases, the added security and functionality it offers are well worth it.
For one thing, Integrity’s architecture uses hardware memory partitioning that prevents processes from writing beyond assigned memory regions.
In addition to a deep library of middleware that supports everything from multiple filing systems to encryption and web services (HTTPS, SOAP, AJAX, JSON, XML), INTEGRITY provides advanced support for using multicore processors to implement applications using asymmetrical multiprocessing (AMP) and symmetrical multiprocessing (SMP). Should your application require it, INTEGRITY also offers optional support for a multivisor system.
VxWorks
First released in 1987, Wind River’s VxWorks is arguably the earliest player in the RTOS market. Originally developed for mil/aero applications, it offers board support packages (BSPs) and software stacks that comply with virtually all critical industry certification standards, such as DO-178C, IEC 61508, IEC 62304, and ISO 26262
The deterministic, priority-based preemptive RTOS was designed to deliver high reliability with low latency and minimal jitter.
VxWorks supports most MCUs based on the AMD/Intel architecture, POWER architecture, Arm architectures, and RISC-V. It can also be used in applications requiring either multicore asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) or symmetric multiprocessing (SMP), as well as mixed modes.
Zephyr
Zephyr is an open-source RTOS created and supported by the Linux Foundation’s Zephyr Project. It’s often used in small, lightweight platforms like the TZero IoT module
This versatile RTOS is true to its Linux roots, providing a truly hardware-independent platform that’s easy and efficient to deploy, secure, connect, and manage.
Other Options
Here are a couple of others that are also worth exploring:
Microsoft’s Azure is created specifically for deeply embedded applications with the goal of providing reliable, ultra-fast performance for resource-constrained devices. It offers real-time multithreading, inter-thread communication and synchronization, and memory management.
Deos is a safety-critical time and space partitioned RTOS developed by DDC-I specifically for avionics and other advanced aerospace applications.
Tomi Engdahl says:
11 Myths About Smart Utilities IoT and Antenna Strategies
Oct. 20, 2021
Laird Connectivity’s Paul Fadlovich discusses this fast-growing category of IoT and provides practical advice about antenna strategies for these design projects.
https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/communications/iot/article/21178993/laird-connectivity-11-myths-about-smart-utilities-iot-and-antenna-strategies?utm_source=EG+ED+Connected+Solutions&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS230914134&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.identpull=omeda|7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Tomi Engdahl says:
How to Deploy Secure and Robust Wireless Connectivity for Smart Energy and Utilities
https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/how-to-deploy-secure-robust-wireless-connectivity-smart-energy-utilities?dclid=CLO8vIqNu4EDFXJEHgIdACQLXw
Wireless communications, including local networking and cloud connectivity, are an essential element in a range of smart energy and utility systems, including energy meters, critical infrastructure, green energy systems, electric vehicles, grid modernization, the smart grid, and smart cities. These applications often involve edge connectivity and require low latency, predictable and secure communication that can be supported using IEEE 802.15.4, Zigbee, Bluetooth, and other protocols. In some instances, they can benefit from a low-power, high throughput wireless protocol like the IEEE 802.11 g/n standard that provides high data rate network access within approximately 300 meters outdoors.
In addition, these wireless devices must meet the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) standards in the U.S., European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) requirements, and EN 300 328 and EN 62368-1 in Europe, Innovation, Science and Economic Development (ISED) in Canada, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) in Japan, and others. Designing wireless connectivity and obtaining the needed certifications can be time-consuming, resulting in increased costs and extending time to market. Instead, designers can turn to pre-engineered and certified wireless communications modules and development platforms that can be easily integrated into smart energy and utility devices.
This article begins by reviewing several communications options and architectures for local networks and cloud connectivity, including wired and wireless networking options. Then it offers several wireless platforms from Digi, Silicon Labs, Laird Connectivity, Infineon, and STMicroelectronics for deployment of secure and robust wireless connectivity for smart energy and utilities, including development environments to speed the design process.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Factory automation design made simple with multiprotocol industrial Ethernet systems
https://e2e.ti.com/blogs_/b/industrial_strength/posts/factory-automation-design-made-simple-with-multiprotocol-industrial-ethernet-systems?HQS=null-null-conbr-confactory_factory-asset-ta-electronicdesign_psfi_connect_l2-wwe_int&DCM=yes&dclid=CM-Nk9m4u4EDFTTbOwIdm74EdQ
Factory automation equipment – sensors, actuators, drives and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) – supports industrial Ethernet protocols such as EtherCAT, Profinet, EtherNet Industrial Protocol (EtherNet/IP) and Sercos, each one exchangeable by loading a different software image onto the hardware platform.
Multiprotocol industrial Ethernet systems reduce manufacturing costs in the hardware development cycle, reducing bill-of-materials costs by requiring fabrication of only a single printed circuit board, thereby accelerating time to market. Manufacturers can offer field devices such as digital input modules or servo drives for factory automation using different industrial Ethernet protocols.
Architectures such as TI’s programmable real-time unit industrial communications subsystem (PRU-ICSS) can support industrial Ethernet speeds of 1,000 Mbps for field devices – especially with the new Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) protocol.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Don’t Do It: Ignore MISRA C
July 5, 2023
Complying with these new set of rules and directives will help eliminate coding practices known to be hazardous.
https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/embedded/article/21268933/ldra-dont-do-it-ignore-misra-c?utm_source=EG+ED+Auto+Electronics&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS230720043&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.identpull=omeda|7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/15179-raspberry-pi-korttia-voi-koodata-selaimessa
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://editor.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/blank-python-starter
Tomi Engdahl says:
Edge Security in an Insecure World
https://www.mouser.com/empowering-innovation/more-topics/ai?utm_source=endeavor&utm_medium=display&utm_campaign=ed-personifai-eit-ai-#article2-ai
Tomi Engdahl says:
IoT Value Chain: Single-Purpose Software Tools are the Future
July 19, 2023
One simplified way to integrate the IoT is by breaking into smaller and manageable modular parts, carving a quicker path to much-sought-after seamless communication.
https://www.mwrf.com/markets/iot/article/21269856/1nce-iot-value-chain-singlepurpose-software-tools-are-the-future?utm_source=RF+MWRF+Wireless+for+Consumers&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS230721090&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.identpull=omeda|7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.mouser.com/empowering-innovation/more-topics/designing-for-security?utm_source=endeavor&utm_medium=display&utm_campaign=ed-personifai-eit2022#video-security
Tomi Engdahl says:
Suositusta ohjaimesta suojattu yhteys pilveen
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/15353-suositusta-ohjaimesta-suojattu-yhteys-pilveen
STMicroelectronics on esitellyt ohjelmistot, joiden avulla sen uusimpiin STM32H5-mikro-ohjaimiin perustuvat IoT-laitteet voidaan yhdistää suojatusti ja turvallisesti Microsoftin Azure IoT Hubiin tai Amazonin AWS IoT -alustalle.
Uusista ohjelmistoista X-CUBE-AWS-H5 on laajennuspaketti, joka mahdollistaa saumattoman ja turvallisen yhteyden AWS-pilveen. Se sisältää joukon kirjastoja ja sovellusesimerkkejä, jotka on suunniteltu STM32H5-sarjan korkean suorituskyvyn mikro-ohjaimille, jotka toimivat päätelaitteena.
Ratkaisu perustuu avoimen lähdekoodin reaaliaikaiseen FreeRTOS-käyttöjärjestelmään ja ST:n sulautettuun Secure Manager -tietoturvaohjelmistoon.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Supercon 2022: [Alex Whittemore] On Treating Your Sensor Data Well
https://hackaday.com/2023/09/15/supercon-2022-alex-whittemore-on-treating-your-sensor-data-well/
If you build your own devices or hack on devices that someone else has built, you know the feeling of opening a serial terminal and seeing a stream of sensor data coming from your device. However, looking at scrolling numbers gets old fast, and you will soon want to visualize them and store them – which is why experienced makers tend to have a few graph-drawing and data-collecting tools handy, ready to be plugged in and launched at a moment’s notice. Well, if you don’t yet have such a tool in your arsenal, listen to this 16-minute talk by [Alex Whittemore] to learn about a whole bunch of options you might not even know you had!
For a start, there’s the Arduino Serial Plotter that you get for free with your Arduino IDE install, but [Alex] also reminds us of the Mu editor’s serial plotter – about the same in terms of features, but indisputably an upgrade in terms of UX. It’s not the only plotter in town, either – Better Serial Plotter is a wonderful standalone option, with a few features that supercharge it, as [Alex] demonstrates! You don’t have to stop here, however – we can’t always be tethered to our devices’ debugging ports, after all.
https://hackaday.io/project/181686-better-serial-plotter
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/15320-ohjaa-kehityskorttia-kaesieleillae
Tomi Engdahl says:
Applying Exhaustive Static Analysis to Automotive Software Testing
Sept. 1, 2023
Learn how mathematically proven code correctness and hardware awareness leads to 100% coverage and zero issues for automotive systems.
https://www.electronicdesign.com/leaders/software/security/article/21272920/trustinsoft-applying-exhaustive-static-analysis-to-automotive-software-testing?utm_source=EG+ED+Auto+Electronics&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS230907074&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.identpull=omeda|7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
What you’ll learn:
How exhaustive static analysis overcomes the limitations of traditional tests and static-analysis tools.
How exhaustive static analysis identifies a buffer overflow by using code samples.
How hardware awareness improves the accuracy of software testing.
How Exhaustive Static Analysis Identifies a Buffer Overflow
Memory buffer problems have long plagued embedded software developers, and the buffer overflow exploit remains a top automotive vulnerability. This exploit occurs when the bounds of allocated memory aren’t checked during read and write operations. It leads to the application “overflowing” the capacity of the buffer, impacting areas not intended for data extraction or modification.
Tests or static-analysis methods that are unaware of the underlying implementation would not know whether the last statement causes an integer overflow (32-bit target) or is safe behavior (64-bit target). This code would decrease the efficiency of test designs that assume a 64-bit data range when the target is actually 32-bit, and negatively impact accuracy when assuming a 64-bit target and potentially missing the integer overflow when it’s actually 32-bit.
Hardware-aware exhaustive static analysis offers the perfect balance between 100% coverage and the minimum number of test cases necessary to achieve it.
Conclusion
The road to 100% code coverage starts with exhaustive static analysis. Automotive software development teams that prioritize exhaustive static analysis derive the greatest value from their testing and compliance investments. Achieving up to 100% code coverage with a mathematical guarantee of the absence of undefined behaviors supports standards like ISO 26262 and ISO 21434, and positions manufacturers to deliver safer, more secure code.
Achieving a “zero issue” guarantee is a long-term objective that can only be met with formal methods-based testing practices. Being proactive with exhaustive static analysis now significantly reduces the likelihood of software bugs and vulnerabilities in the field, further enhancing the overall reliability and security of automotive software systems.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2023/09/29/building-a-weather-display-in-rust/
https://harrystern.net/halldisplay.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/15370-simulink-osaa-nyt-analysoida-bugeja-lennossa
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2023/10/02/displays-we-love-hacking-the-hd44780-family/
Tomi Engdahl says:
From
https://www.facebook.com/groups/168863453878/permalink/10160785858748879/
Wokwi oli itelle ihan käänteen tekevä löydös, simulaattori missä sen koodin saa pyörimään simuloidulla raudalla aina samantien. Ei tartte häseltää koekytkentöjä ja latailla koodia jokasen muutoksen jälkeen sisään nähdäkseen et meniköhän se nyt sinnepäinkään mitä piti
Tai enhän mää ennen jokaista muutosta lataillut. Wokwi mahollistaa sen että voi räpsytellä sitä simulaatiota ihan jatkuvastikin helposti jos se vähänkään saattaa auttaa kehitystyössä
https://wokwi.com/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/15424-suositulle-32-bittiselle-lisaettiin-suojamoduuli
Tomi Engdahl says:
Työkalu kertoo, mitä RTOS-käyttöjärjestelmässä tapahtuu
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/15435-tyoekalu-kertoo-mitae-reaaliaikakaeyttoejaerjestelmaessae-tapahtuu
Ruotsalainen Percepio on kehittänyt työkalun, joka mahdollistaa käytännössä kaikenlaisten tapahtumien monitoroinnin minkä tahansa RTOS.n kehityksessä. Tracealyzer SDK -kehityspakettin avulla kehittäjät voivat luoda mukautettuja havainnointi- ja jäljitysratkaisuja omiin projekteihinsa.
Percepio Tracealyzer tarjoaa jäljitettävyyden sulautettujen, reuna- ja IoT-järjestelmien järjestelmätason virheenkorjaukseen, todentamiseen ja profilointiin. Sen edistyneet visualisointi- ja analysointiominaisuudet antavat tuotekehittäjille mahdollisuuden kehittää sovelluksiaan jopa 10 kertaa aiempaa noeammin nopeamman virheenkorjauksen ansiosta.
Työkalu on saatavilla useille suosituille reaaliaikaisille käyttöjärjestelmille (RTOS), mukaan lukien FreeRTOS, Zephyr ja Azure RTOS ThreadX, joille Percepio toimittaa ja tukee integraatiokoodia.
Lisäksi uusi Tracealyzer SDK tarjoaa laajemman ratkaisun mille tahansa C/C++-ohjelmistolle
Tomi Engdahl says:
Tekoälyä voi nyt komentaa suunnittelemaan siruja
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/15438-tekoaelyae-voi-nyt-komentaa-suunnittelemaan-siruja
Copilot on jo tuttu käsite koodarien käsissä: tekoäly osaa generoida virheetöntä koodia kehotteiden avulla. Nyt SnapMagic on esitellyt oman tekoälypohjaisen ”siipimiehen” elektroniikkapiirien suunnitteluun.
SnapMagic tunnettiin EDA-maailmassa nimellä SnapEDA. Tekoälymaailmaan siirtymisen myötä yritys brändää itsensä uudelleen. SnapMagic Copilot on näin tavallaan uusi alku koko firmalle. Yhtiö myös kertoo keränneen lisärahoitusta maailman johtavilta tekoäly- ja kehittäjätyökalusijoittajilta.
Mistä sitten on kyse? SnapMagic Copilot yhdistää huippuluokan tekoälyn massiiviseen patentoituun datasarjaansa automatisoidakseen jotkin elektroniikan suunnittelun eniten aikaa vievistä prosesseista. Se pystyy esimerkiksi täydentämään suunnitteluja. Suunnittelija voi työkalua lisäämään piiriin mikro-ohjaimen, ja SnapMagic sijoittaa paikalleen myös tarvittavat liitäntä irrotuskondensaattorit.
Suunnittelijat voivat ohjata piirilevytyökaluaan luonnollisella kielellä. He voivat esimerkiksi pyytää “ei-invertoivaa vahvistinta, jonka vahvistus on 2″, ja SnapMagic luo nämä piirit ja lisää suunnitteluun komponentit, jotka ovat tilattavissa.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/15440-vain-luottokortin-kokoinen-moduuli-voi-ohjata-dronea
Tomi Engdahl says:
Qt asettuu pian automaattisesti kaikille näytöille
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/15443-qt-asettuu-pian-automaattisesti-kaikille-naeytoeille
Qt on suosittu graafisten käyttöliittymien kehitysalusta, josta nyt on esitelty versio 6.6. Uusien ominaisuuksien lisäksi uusi versio sisältää vilkaisuja tulevaisuuden toiminnallisuuksiin. Näistä elementtien automatisoitu responsiivisuus on yksi mielenkiintoisimpia.
Qt on aina osannut räätälöidä käyttöliittymiä käytössä olevan näyttöpinnan mukaan, mutta tähän asti se on vaatinut manuaalista työtä. Käytännössä tämä on tarkoittanut joidenkin elementtien piilottamista ja toisten näyttämistä, layoutin osien korvaamista tai jopa sen kokoamista uudelleen.
Qt 6.6:n myötä Qt Quickiin tulee uusi elementti, LayoutItemProxy. Tämän välityspalvelimen avulla käyttöliittymäsuunnittelijat voivat luoda ja vaihtaa eri layoutteja, ja välityspalvelin huolehtii käyttöliittymäelementtien automaattisesta sijoittamisesta aktiiviseen rakenteeseen.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2023/10/18/energy-harvesting-tekniikoilla-kohti-paristotonta-elektroniikkaa/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/embedded/article/21275034/electronic-design-opensource-solutions-fortify-embedded-applications?utm_source=EG+ED+Connected+Solutions&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS231005093&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.identpull=omeda|7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.mwrf.com/webinars/webinar/21275084/ais-impact-in-internet-of-things-device-design?utm_source=RF+MWRF+Today&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS231006125&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.identpull=omeda|7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.mwrf.com/technologies/embedded/software/article/21274619/synopsys-securing-your-software-supply-chain-recognize-the-risks-and-solutions?utm_source=RF+MWRF+Today&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS230929125&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.identpull=omeda|7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/communications/wired/article/21275295/avnet-highperformance-computing-pushes-the-pedal-for-invehicle-networking?o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.identpull=omeda|7211D2691390C9R&utm_campaign=CPS231012158&utm_medium=email&utm_source=EG+ED+Auto+Electronics
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/consistent-peripheral-implementation-can-key-designers-mcu-choices?dclid=COPC6fqH_4EDFd7WOwIdbHMBdg