What are the top cyber trends to watch out for in 2019? Here’s what I have been hearing and reading:
First I present a new information security term: Virtual Security = Manufacturers claim that their products are secure. but in reality they are not.
New APT groups, and more regulations around data privacy, 2019 is set to be another big year in the cybersecurity space. Security is hard and getting harder in 2019. Good operational security is non trivial. Next generation dark markets are making cybercrime easier than ever before.
Gartner expects that the security market is expected to grow 8.7% in 2019 and hit $124 billion. Global spending on security products and services closed in 2018 in excess of $114 billion, marking a 12.4% increase from 2017.
A New Year’s Resolution: Security is Broken…Let’s Fix It. There are three strategies that show real promise for defending against tomorrow’s threats: Deploy Deception, Leverage Threat Intelligence, Think Proactively. Plan Now for Emerging Threats. Defending against these threats will require two things. The first is understanding the economic drivers of the criminal community, and the second is to adopt strategies and solutions that address and disrupt those drivers. Getting in front of the cyber-threat paradigm requires organizations to rethink their security strategies in 2019.
Many organizations have learned, it’s no longer a matter of if you’ll face a cyberattack, but when – and when they will finally find the hack has happened. For example it Marriott disclosed a four-year-long breach involving the personal and financial information of 500 million guests. Anytime we see such a colossal intrusion go undetected for so long, the ultimate cause is usually a failure to adopt the most important principle in cybersecurity defense that applies to both corporations and consumers: Assume you are compromised.
In today’s world, attackers intentionally look normal to evade automated defenses. With the rise of ransomware, fileless and non-malware attacks, it’s harder than ever to protect your endpoints with confidence. To prevent this, threat hunting has emerged as an essential process for organizations to preempt destructive attacks. This process is a proactive approach to cybersecurity that identifies gaps in defenses and stops attacks before they go too deep. The adversary is hunting for your security gaps…why aren’t you?
Is it fair to judge an organization’s information security posture simply by looking at its Internet-facing assets for weaknesses commonly sought after and exploited by attackers, such as outdated software or accidentally exposed data and devices? Attackers scan those systems for vulnerabilities actively in 2019. What’s remarkable is how many organizations don’t make an effort to view their public online assets as the rest of the world sees them — until it’s too late. Measure how good is your security. Data protection tools have been developed to measure the maturity of data protection issues in organization.
CEOs should ask the following questions about potential cybersecurity threats:
How could cybersecurity threats affect the different functions of my business, including areas such as supply chain, public relations, finance, and human resources?
What type of critical information could be lost (e.g., trade secrets, customer data, research, personally identifiable information)?
How can my business create long-term resiliency to minimize our cybersecurity risks?
What kind of cyber threat information sharing does my business participate in? With whom does my business exchange this information?
What type of information sharing practices could my business adopt that would help foster community among the different cybersecurity groups where my business is a member?
What can CEOs do to mitigate cybersecurity threats?
How Well Are You Protecting Your Brand from Digital Risk? Having a website is just the baseline for existing in digital world. Companies of all sizes are actively using social media to engage with customers and build loyalty for their brand. The Internet is an essential tool to grow your business, but it also poses digital risks to your brand reputation and integrity. Bad actors can spoof social media profiles of your company or brands. Cyber criminals will register and use web domains extremely similar to your actual domain names. Malicious apps that impersonate brands may use spyware to steal information from users. You might need to develop a brand protection program in 2019. Digital risk from brand exposure can lead to reputation damage, loss of intellectual property and customer trust and, ultimately, loss in revenue. This is what the brand managers need to think about in 2019. Successful hacking campaigns used to be all about keeping under the radar. But, for some, making a big splash is now now more important than lurking in the shadows.
Today, cybersecurity is moving beyond the financial impact to concerns over public safety, national security, and even cyberwarfare. The tech industry is becoming more worried about a cyberwar arms race. Microsoft boss thinks that cyber war cannot be won. High impact cyber attacks often affect the electricity network, water supply, financial markets, hospitals, and military families. Preparations for various cyber attacks in different sectors vary greatly. Energy and finance are the most advanced. We should all keep in mind two things: The proliferation of cyberweapons is already happening and arms control of cyberweapons hasn’t caught up. “Cyber is so wide that states alone cannot be sufficient in providing security” It seems also that authoritarian forces are trying to claw back control and even re-purposing the web in ways that undermine democracy.
It would be good for the company to be able to manage risks, prepare for major disruptions, and plan and practice recovery. Risk management requires the company to detect the attack itself. A large coordinated attack could attack our elections, our press, our telecommunications, our banks, and our military. According to a new report on digital freedom, authoritarian forces are clawing back control and even re-purposing the web in ways that undermine democracy. Tim Cook says that tech firms should prepare for ‘inevitable’ regulation.
We need to build cyber resilience to our networked systems. Getting to cyber resilience means federal agencies must think differently about how they build and implement their systems. “Cybersecurity, infrastructure security, is not a competitive advantage,” Bradford Willke, a top official in DHS’s Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. If a good product or company fails because of a breach that could have been thwarted by sharing threat information, “there’s something that we’ve all lost.”
Did you remember to test the security? Every developer team should know how to code securely and how to test security. This kind of basic hygiene with information security creates the basis for genuinely intact applications. The basic thing for the tester in terms of data security is user identification and access, securing stability, encryption, firewalls, intruder detection, anonymization of information. All these things can be tested with different techniques, tools and methods. It is a good idea to ask a security professional if you do not know how to do this.
You will see many big data beaches also in 2019. Cybersecurity headlines in recent years have been dominated by companies losing money by being hacked and leaking the data of millions of customers. 2018 was again a banner year for breaches, check for example list of Biggest cyber security breaches 2018. In 2018 the mantra became “another day, another data breach.” 2018 has been the year par excellence for data protection, when data leaks, exfiltrations, and abuses have made headlines all over the world. Some companies have worked on improving their security, but overall there has not been so much activity going on that it would considerably change the situation for better in 2019. And against this backdrop of increased awareness about the challenges that working with sensitive data can entail, there is one regulation that has come to the fore: the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation), which has been mandatory since May 25 this year.
How much are the first fines for GDPR infringement? It remains to be seen in 2019 as sanctions on big 2018 leaks start to appear. Infringement of GDPR regulation can incur fines of up to 4% of a company’s annual global turnover, or up to €20 million. The economic sanctions that we have seen so far in 2018 have clearly relatively conservative compared to the highest possible penalties, but with the recent spate of high profile data leaks – Marriott, British Airways, Quora – it won’t be long before harsher fines start to appear. Remember that by having appropriate protection for the personal data that your company manages, you can avoid sanctions.
IoT malware and email hacks are on the rise again. Blackmail demand claims will continue unfortunately also in 2019 and will become more innovative. In 2018 we first saw blackmail extortion with claims to have nailed you watching porn and the sender infected your computer by hacking your account or placing malware. All sorts of variants exist. There was also Spammed Bomb Threat Hoax that demands Bitcoin.Then there has been a New Extortion Email Threatens to Send a Hitman Unless You Pay $4,000 in bitcoin. As long as ransoms are paid and relatively easy attacks, such as phishing campaigns, are successful, bad actors will continue to use these techniques.
The number of attacks using IoT hardware is increasing in 2019. IoT is still insecure. As the number of IoT devices, such as smart home network monitoring systems, increase, the threat is constantly increasing. According to Nokia report IoT botnet operations accounted for 78 percent of malware detection events in the communications service provider (CSP) networks in 2018.
Many IoT protocols are still implemented without proper security. The CoAP protocol is the next big thing for DDoS attacks. Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), is about to become one of the most abused protocols in terms of DDoS attack. That is because most of today’s CoAP implementations forgo using hardened security modes for a “NoSec” security mode that keeps the protocol light, but also vulnerable to DDoS abuse.
Mirai botnet has been active since 2016. And several followers to it are still active. Mirai malware has strong records of infecting poorly managing IoT devices and performing DDOS attacks on various platforms. And you will not get rid of the new variations of it in 2019. Latest example is With Mirai Comes Miori: IoT Botnet Delivered via ThinkPHP Remote Code Execution Exploit. Similarly Miori taking advantage of Internet connected device and compromise it by exploiting various vulnerabilities and also it constantly evolving to target the smart devices. Miori is just one of the many Mirai offshoots. There is another very similar variant called Shinoa.
Regulating cyber security features on networked devices seems to be on rise. Germany proposes router security guidelines. It would like to regulate what kind of routers are sold and installed across the country. California became the first state with an Internet of Things cybersecurity law: Starting on January 1st, 2020, any manufacturer of a device that connects “directly or indirectly” to the internet must equip it with “reasonable” security features, designed to prevent unauthorized access, modification, or information disclosure. If it can be accessed outside a local area network with a password, it needs to either come with a unique password for each device, or force users to set their own password the first time they connect. That means less generic default credentials for a hacker to guess. In Finland security label created by FICORA’s Cybersecurity Center promises that will make it easy for consumers to identify a sufficiently secure devices in 2019.
Ransomware attack will continue in 2019. Hospital cybersecurity seems to be a pressing problem in 2019. The healthcare industry’s accelerating adoption of sophisticated networks, connected devices and digital records has revolutionized clinical operations and patient care but has also left modern hospitals acutely vulnerable to cyber attack. Recent high-profile hacks have brought these mounting threats sharply into focus. One in four (27%) employees of healthcare organizations in North America admit to being aware of a ransomware attack targeting their employer over year 2018. There is a number of technological, cultural and regulatory issues that complicate healthcare cybersecurity.
DNS system is still full of “ugly hacks” that keep it running. Malicious actors have found innovative ways to take down the DNS and the landscape growing more problematical. Hopefully it will get robust in 2019. Vendors of DNS software, as well as large public DNS providers, are going to remove certain workarounds on February 1st, 2019, otherwise known as DNS Flag Day. Don’t Let DNS Flag Day Become Your DNS Doomsday. The result of this “line in the sand” means that all domains hosted on these poorly coded DNS servers will fail to resolve correctly across all the recursive resolvers built by and run by the consortium. So your SPF, DKIM, DMARC, most TXT and PTR records will fail. This will be a very bad day for anyone who doesn’t take time to address this issue BEFORE February 1st, 2019.
TLS 1.3 was published as of August 2018. It has been over eight years since the last major encryption protocol update. With the HTTP/2 protocol update in late 2015, and now TLS 1.3 in 2018, encrypted connections are now more secure and faster than ever. With OpenSSL 1.1.1 library many applications can gain many of the benefits of TLSv1.3 simply by dropping in the new OpenSSL version. Since TLSv1.3 works very differently to TLSv1.2 though there are a few caveats that may impact a minority of applications. Add this to list of existing TLS ecosystem woes. Malicious sites will increasingly use SSL certificates to look legitimate.
Remember to update your PHP version early in 2019. PHP 5.6 support and security updates have ended. PHP 5. is still widely used in many web services. FICORA’s Cybersecurity Center recommends giving up the use of old PHP versions, especially for services that are publicly available on the Internet. Currently the latest version is 7.3. Each version is actively developed for two years, after which security updates are offered for one year. Currently the latest PHP version is 7.3. Each version is actively developed for two years, after which security updates are offered for one year. Because the new PHP7 is not fully compatible with the old PHP5, so many sites need also updates to the site PHP code. If you can’t for some reason update PHP version, special attention should be paid to the security of the server and its environment.
Cloud security is still a problem for many organizations in 2019. The 2018 Cloud Security Spotlight Report noted that 84% of respondents claim traditional security solutions either don’t work at all or have limited functionality in the cloud. Misconfiguration of the cloud platform took the top spot in this year’s survey as the single biggest threat to cloud security (62%). Lack of staff resources and expertise to manage cloud security seems to be the largest barrier to cloud adoption for many companies. Many clouds are nowadays relatively secure, but Are You Using Them Securely? It’s time to stop obsessing over unsubstantiated cloud security worries and start focusing more on new approaches to cloud control. It is time to better manage your cloud deployments in 2019.
The Cybersecurity Industry Doesn’t Have Artificial Intelligence Right Yet. AI in security will be talked on in 2019. 2018 was The Year Machine Intelligence Arrived in Cybersecurity. “Intelligence” is a word heavily freighted in cybersecurity technology because it covers a wide variety of techniques and product: Expert systems, machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence are all represented in the whole, with each being used and promoted by different vendors and service organizations. Antivirus protection is one of the tasks to which companies are applying intelligence. The vast majority of intelligence being used in security is “machine learning” rather than “artificial intelligence.” The application of artificial intelligence (AI) via the implementation of machine learning (ML) is the fastest growing area of cybersecurity, but it seems Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity is Not Delivering on its Promise at least yet. What has been largely missing from this assertion is independent verification that the theoretical benefits promoted by ML vendors translate to actual benefits in use. Also cyber-criminals start to use AI to make better attacks.
Machine learning can reduce the usefulness of CAPTCHA. Machine learning model breaks CAPTCHA systems on 33 highly visited websites very quickly.
Destructive malware has been employed by adversaries for years. Destructive targeted attacks have a critical impact on businesses, causing the loss of data or crippling business operations. NotPetya and Wannacry affected several companies around the world. OlympicDestroyer affected the Olympic Games organization.
Old destructive attacks can persist for a long time. Wannacry is not dead when 2019 starts. Eighteen months after the initial outbreak of the WannaCry Ransomware infection, the malware continues to rear its head on thousands, if not hundreds of thousands, of infected computers. The kill switch has been activates so the ransomware component would not activate, but the infection continues to run silently in the background, while routinely connecting to the kill switch domain to check if it was still live.
Spectre and Meltdown vulnerabilities that were found in 2017 and became public the beginning of 2018 will continue. I have been following this saga since I reported it first in Finland at Uusiteknologia.fi on-line magazine. Spectre-like variations continued to be discovered, just as academics predicted at the start of 2018. Intel and other processor manufacturers have worked on fixed, but there has been numerous new vulnerability variation reported over the year on the same theme, latest published in late 2018. Is Spectre making a comeback? I expect you will not get rid of new variations on this vulnerability theme in 2019. There are still many side channel flaws to be found on modern processors.
USB security is still fundamentally broken in 2019. USB drives are a security threat to process control systems because USB drives can cause serious disruption to process facilities through unsecure or malicious files. USB-borne malware continues to present a major threat to industrial control systems (ICS) nearly a decade after the Stuxnet attacks on Iran’s nuclear infrastructure first highlighted the danger.
The air gap is low-tech but still has value as a barrier against cyber attacks. But air gaps, once a valuable barrier against cyberattacks, are disappearing from industrial control systems. As smart shipping and other network-connected industrial control systems (ICS) grow, the air gap loses value as a barrier against cyber attacks. The use of air gaps has eroded or disappeared altogether, thanks to increasingly intertwined OT (operational technology) and IT (information technology). Also air gaps can’t protect against “an ill-informed person’s actions,” as was the case with the notorious 2010 Stuxnet attack on Iran’s nuclear facilities.
There are still major problems cyber security in industrial system. Major problems in industrial cyber security are inadequate software updates, the following non-upgraded systems, and common usage ids for updating. While the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) can be useful for rating vulnerabilities, the scores assigned to flaws affecting industrial control systems (ICS) may be misleading.
Perimeter-less security is hot in 2019. You can’t build anymore well defined perimeters around all of your systems. Welcome to a World of Zero Trust. Zero Trust Privilege approach is based on six fundamental elements: Verify Who, Contextualize the Privileged Access Request, Establish a Secure Admin Environment, Grant Least Privilege, Audit Everything, Apply Adaptive Security Controls.
Can You Mitigate Against Mission Impossible? Most probably you can’t. Focus on the Countless Manageable Vulnerabilities That You Can Control and Protect Against Them. Cybersecurity risks need help from contracts and insurance beyond technologies, policies, and people. Pretending cybersecurity risks aren’t there isn’t on any list of best practices.
Credential abuse is at the core of many hacks in 2019. Usually the easiest way for a cyber-attacker to gain access to sensitive data is by compromising an end user’s identity. Equipped with the right credentials, cyber adversaries and malicious insiders can wreak havoc on an organization’s network, exfiltrate sensitive data, or even siphon off funds — all while concealing their malicious activities from threat detection solutions.
Good database security planning is essential for protecting a company’s most important assets because if attackers can shut companies out of their own data can quickly cripple an organization. Leaked data can also become costly with costs of data leak itself, regulatory costs (including GDPR fines) and bad reputation that can affect revenue for a long time.
Just on the end of 2018 there was reports on SQLite vulnerabilities. Magellan is a number of vulnerabilities that exist in SQLite that were able to successfully implement remote code execution in Chromium browsers (already fidex). This vulnerability can have a wide range of influence in 2019 because SQLite is widely used in all modern mainstream operating systems and software. There is potential that Critical SQLite Flaw Leaves Millions of Apps Vulnerable to Hackers. I expect to see reports against attacks against many different systems and system users failing to secure their systems.
DevSecOps is having a positive impact on security, but the state of security still has a long way to go as over 13 percent of applications contain at least one critical vulnerability. According to Veracode’s State of Software Security (SOSS) report, 87.5 percent of Java applications, 92 percent of C++ applications, and 85.7 percent of .NET application contain at least one vulnerability. Even with a stronger focus on security in 2019, most software will still riddled with security vulnerabilities.
Misconfigured server infrastructure is often considered one of the most significant causes of data breaches within the IT industry. This human error phenomenon is usually unintentional, but it can have catastrophic consequences regarding the exposure of sensitive personal information as well as potentially damaging the reputation of your business.Misconfiguration of the cloud platform took the top spot in this year’s survey as the single biggest threat to cloud security.
4 mobile security threats that companies must fight in 2019: Cryptojacking, Data breaches, Insecure networks and Social engineering attacks. Also Mobile Spear phishing campaigns will form the cornerstone for targeted attacks on organizations. The Wi-Fi attack vector isn’t going away any time soon, despite 5G hype. I don’t expect the assault on mobile to slow down as according to Gartner’s Market Guide to Mobile Threat Defense, 42 million mobile malware attacks take place each year.
Google says that Android 9 Brings Significant Security Advancements. Google has focused on aspects such as platform hardening, anti-exploitation, hardware-backed security. There are also new protections for the Application Sandbox.
Ultrasonic Tracking are Beacons on the Rise. It is an inaudible sound with encoded data that can be used on a listening device with suitable application to receive information that could be just about anything. There are numerous scenarios in which ultrasonic tracking beacons can be surreptitiously used and misused.
PUAs are being weaponized. PUA is the acronym for “Potentially Unwanted Application.” This is a general category used by all vendors to tag particular applications that can be misused by malicious people. Recently, an active campaign was spotted in the well-known Emotet Banking Trojan, which makes use of Freeware system tools but with an obscure purpose.
Microsoft has officially announced ‘Windows Sandbox’ for running applications in isolation. Microsoft’s coming ‘Windows Sandbox’ feature is a lightweight virtual machine that allow users to run potentially suspicious software in isolation. Windows 10 19H1 Build 18305 adds support for a new sandbox feature for isolating potentially suspicious apps, plus several other new security fixes.
It seems that Security Teams Need to Maintain Packet-level Visibility Into All Traffic Flowing Across Their Networks. The most destructive disaster is the one you do not see coming. While there is no evacuating cyberspace to avoid a storm of hackers, prior warning gives security teams a chance to stop cybercriminals before they can wreak havoc and make off with sensitive customer data or company secrets. There is an all too common adage that it is not a question of if a company will be hacked, but when they will find the hack. The realities of the cyberspace make it too difficult to reliably keep hackers out of corporate networks. That is not to say security teams should give up, but rather that they need to shift their goals.
Is 5G Technology a Blessing or a Curse for Security? Depends Who You Ask. It is best to Prepare for the Coming 5G Security Threats. But do we understand the 5G security threats to come? Most probably not, because it seems that the general understanding of 5G is pretty shallow for very many organizations. Many countries are not comfortable with the Chinese building its 5G network.
Somewhat quietly over the past couple of years there has been a flurry of breakthroughs in biometric technology (especially face and fingerprint recognition). New Boom in Facial Recognition Tech Prompts Privacy Alarms. Tech advances are accelerating the use of facial recognition as a reliable and ubiquitous mass surveillance tool, privacy advocates warn. Now facial recognition appears to be on the verge of blossoming commercially. There is potential risk that Surveillance Inhibits Freedom of Expression.
Old outdated encryption technologies refuse to die. MD5 and SHA-1 are still used in 2018 and their use does not seen to end in 2019. The current state of cryptanalysis against MD5 and SHA-1 allows for collisions, but not for pre-images. Still, it’s really bad form to accept these algorithms for any purpose.
Law is trying to weaken encryption in some countries. A newly enacted law rushed through Australia’s parliament will compel technology companies such as Apple, Facebook and Google to disable encryption protections so police can better pursue terrorists and other criminals. “I think it’s detrimental to Australian and world security,” said Bruce Schneier, a tech security expert affiliated with Harvard University and IBM. It could be a be a boon to the criminal underworld by undermining the technical integrity of the internet, hurting digital security and user privacy. We need good encryption in 2019 to keep Internet safe.
The payment card industry is thinking about security standards such as EMV 3D Secure and emerging technologies such as contactless payments.
The use of bug bounty programs to find security vulnerabilities in software and services is increasing.In January, the EU starts running Bug Bounties on Free and Open Source Software where European Commission to start offering bug bounties on 14 Free Software projects like Notepad++ and VLC that the EU institutions rely on. Going into 2019, the cybersecurity community will continue to learn about the world of threat hunting and how organizations can implement an effective threat hunting program.
You might need a password manager in 2019 more than you needed it now. If you thought passwords will soon be dead, think again. They’re here to stay — for now. Passwords are cumbersome and hard to remember and sometimes are easily hackable. Nobody likes passwords but they’re a fact of life. How do you make them better? You need a password manager. Some examples for proposed alternatives to passwords include biometric identification, disposable passwords, certificate-based systems and FIDO2 USB sticks.
You might also need two-factor authentication can save you from hackers. If you find passwords annoying, you might not like two-factor authentication much. But security experts say it’s one of the best ways to protect your online accounts and it usually (when implemented well) only adds a few extra seconds to your day.
Two factor authentication has been considered as best practice for some time, but even that alone might not be enough in 2019. Assuming you have your strong passwords in place and your two-factor authentication set up, you think your accounts are now safe? Think again. There’s much more to be done.
Two factor authentication can be hacked. Phishing Attempts That Bypass 2FA are here to stay. As we try to up our security game, the bad guys up their tactics too. Amnesty.org shared an interesting write up about phishing attacks that are bypassing 2FA. If you’re an at risk user, that extra two-factor security code sent to your phone may not be enough to protect your email account as Hackers Bypass Gmail 2FA at Scale. Although 2FA is generally a good idea, hackers can still phish certain forms of 2FA, such as those that send a code or token over text message. Some users likely need to switch to a more robust methods.
Keep in mind that your phone number can be a key for a hacker to many of your services. You might think your Social Security or bank account numbers are the most sensitive digits in your life. Nowadays, hackers can do far more damage with little effort using just your cell phone number. Whether you’re an AT&T, Verizon, Sprint or T-Mobile customer, every cell phone number can be a target for hackers. And it takes remarkably little effort to wreak havoc to your online life.
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Tomi Engdahl says:
How Your Phone Company Aims to Stop Robocalls
https://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/standards/how-your-phone-company-aims-to-stop-robocalls
Tomi Engdahl says:
Don’t Get Kicked Out! A Tale of Rootkits and Other Backdoors
https://capsule8.com/blog/dont-get-kicked-out-a-tale-of-rootkits-and-other-backdoors/
Tomi Engdahl says:
How to Write a Secure Code in C/C++ Programming Languages
https://pentestmag.com/write-secure-code-cc-programming-languages/
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Official TOOOL Slides
Anytime TOOOL gives a presentation about lockpicking, we use one of the following PowerPoint slide decks
https://toool.us/resources.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
Microsoft: We’re creating a new Rust-based programming language for secure coding
Microsoft’s Project Verona involves creating a new language for “safe infrastructure programming” to be open-sourced soon.
https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-were-creating-a-new-rust-based-programming-language-for-secure-coding/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Tuotekehitys ja määräystenmukaisuus
Tietoturva on teollisuuden uusi normaali
https://www.etteplan.com/fi/artikkelit/tietoturva-teollisuuden-uusi-normaali
Tomi Engdahl says:
A Deep Dive On The Most Critical API Vulnerability — BOLA
https://medium.com/@inonst/a-deep-dive-on-the-most-critical-api-vulnerability-bola-1342224ec3f2
In this article I dig into the details about Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA) — the most common and most severe API vulnerability today according to the OWASP API Security Project.
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) and BOLA are the same thing.
Almost every company has APIs that are vulnerable to BOLA and there are currently no “off the shelf” solutions to protect you.
Unlike other vulnerabilities, BOLA is not very intuitive and some people struggle to understand it.
How Can We Mitigate BOLA Today?
There are a few ways to protect your APIs and eliminate these types of vulnerabilities:
Detection — Vulnerable API endpoints can be detected by code reviews or pentests.
Solution Planning — A developer with a deep understanding of the API can define specific authorization policies for the vulnerable endpoint.
Fix — The fix is usually just a few lines of code and a developer who’s familiar with the API should be able to apply this fix.
Tomi Engdahl says:
We Need a Global Standard for Reporting Cyber Attacks
https://hbr.org/2019/11/we-need-a-global-standard-for-reporting-cyber-attacks
Tomi Engdahl says:
Network Forensics, Part 2: Detecting and Analyzing a SCADA DoS Attack
https://www.hackers-arise.com/single-post/2018/09/27/Network-Forensics-Part-2-Detecting-and-Analyzing-a-SCADA-DoS-Attack
Tomi Engdahl says:
IEMI – Threat of Intentional Electromagnetic Interference
https://5g.security/cyber-kinetic/threat-of-iemi/
As our cities, our transportation, our energy and manufacturing – our everything – increasingly embrace Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Controls Systems (ICS), securing its underlying cyber-physical systems (CPS) grows ever more crucial. Yet, even among engineers and cybersecurity specialists, one potential attack trajectory is often overlooked: Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI).
ICS and IoT – digital systems that run today’s modern society – rely on changes in electrical charges flowing through physical equipment.
electromagnetic wave-based communication can be disturbed or stopped by external electromagnetic interference (EMI) sources causing unpredictable results.
The industry has established a number of legal requirements and standards for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). The goal is to ensure correct operation of devices in common electromagnetic environment and resilience to unintentional EMI. With the exception of aircrafts, these EMC requirements are typically not sufficient to protect against intentional electromagnetic interferences (IEMI) generated by malicious actors in order to disrupt performance of electronic equipment. This might invite terrorists, criminals and other adversaries to intentionally interfere or damage critically important CPSes such as telecommunications, power networks, financial systems, medical care, broadcast media, industrial plants, traffic control systems, food and water supply, critical manufacturing, mass transit and others.
IEMI was until the turn of the millennium essentially a military concern but have since then generated quite a lot of interest in the civil arena. Capabilities of IEMI attackers have been growing steadily over the last two decades. On the other hand, growing complexity and distribution of CPSes and decreasing power requirements for the devices that make up the Internet of Things (IoT) make it increasingly possible to connect more and more components of our physical world to monitoring and control devices. This provides a growing pool of increasingly vulnerable targets for attackers. Together, these few trends increase the threat of IEMI attacks exponentially.
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Bioacoustic Signatures of Our Bodies Can Reveal Our Identities
https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-human-os/telecom/security/the-bioacoustic-signatures-of-our-bodies-can-reveal-our-identities
Every sound we hear has a unique signature thanks to the way it was created and which objects the sound waves have passed through. A team of South Korean researchers are now exploring whether the unique bioacoustic signatures created as sound waves pass through humans can be used to identify individuals.
Tomi Engdahl says:
7 Cybersecurity Blunders in Big Data
https://pentestmag.com/7-cybersecurity-blunders-in-big-data/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Introducing the Keybase filesystem
https://keybase.io/docs/kbfs
Alpha releases of the Keybase app are starting to come with a cryptographically secure file mount. It is brand new. And very different.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://keepass.info/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Increasing Enterprise Visibility: Integrated Defense with Mitre ATT&CK
https://pentestmag.com/increasing-enterprise-visibility-integrated-defense-with-mitre-attck/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://pentestmag.com/write-secure-code-cc-programming-languages/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://pentestmag.com/knocking-the-door-to-server-side-template-injection-part-1/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Indicators of compromise (IOCs) collected from public resources and categorized by Qi-AnXin.
https://github.com/RedDrip7/APT_Digital_Weapon
Tomi Engdahl says:
Behind the One-Way Mirror: A Deep Dive Into the Technology of Corporate Surveillance
https://www.eff.org/wp/behind-the-one-way-mirror
Trackers are hiding in nearly every corner of today’s Internet, which is to say nearly every corner of modern life. The average web page shares data with dozens of third-parties. The average mobile app does the same, and many apps collect highly sensitive information like location and call records even when they’re not in use. Tracking also reaches into the physical world.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://disorthodox.wordpress.com/2019/09/25/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies-and-unexpected-death/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://electrons.co/best-free-ransomware-decryption-tools/
Tomi Engdahl says:
50 countries ranked by how they’re collecting biometric data and what they’re doing with it
https://www.comparitech.com/blog/vpn-privacy/biometric-data-study/
From passport photos to accessing bank accounts with fingerprints, the use of biometrics is growing at an exponential rate. And while using your fingerprint may be easier than typing in a password, just how far is too far when it comes to biometric use, and what’s happening to your biometric data once it’s collected, especially where governments are concerned?
While China topping the list perhaps doesn’t come as too much of a surprise, residents of (and travelers to) other countries may be surprised and concerned at the extent of biometric information that is being collected on them and what is happening to it afterward.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://edri.org/facial-recognition-and-fundamental-rights-101/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Only Half of Malware Caught by Signature AV
https://www.darkreading.com/threat-intelligence/only-half-of-malware-caught-by-signature-av/d/d-id/1336577
Machine learning and behavioral detection are necessary to catch
threats, WatchGuard says in a new report. Meanwhile, network attacks
have risen, especially against older vulnerabilities, such as those in
Apache Struts. For years, signature-based antivirus has caught about
two-thirds of threats at the network edge in the last quarter, that
success rate has plummeted to only 50%, according to WatchGuard
Technologies’ latest quarterly report, published on December 11. The
network security firm found that the percentage of malware that
successfully bypassed signature-based antivirus scanners at companies’
network gateways has increased significantly, either by scrambling
code known as “packing” using basic encryption techniques or by the
automatic creation of code variants.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Extracting Data from Smartphones
https://securityintelligence.com/articles/what-are-the-risks-of-the-iot-in-financial-services/
Privacy International has published a detailed, technical examination
of how data is extracted from smartphones. Read also:
https://privacyinternational.org/long-read/3256/technical-look-phone-extraction
Tomi Engdahl says:
Three Actionable Steps To Take Following Your Penetration Testing
https://pentestmag.com/three-actionable-steps-to-take-following-your-penetration-testing/
#pentest #magazine #pentestmag #pentestblog #PTblog #penetration #testing #cybersecurity #infosecurity #infosec
Tomi Engdahl says:
Extending attack surface in distributed environments
https://pentestmag.com/extending-attack-surface-distributed-environments/
#pentest #magazine #pentestmag #pentestblog #PTblog #attack #surface #extension #distributed #environment #cybersecurity #infosecurity #infosec
Tomi Engdahl says:
Mission possible: How to fend off online trackers
The tools that can help preserve your online privacy.
https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/anti-tracking-tools/26556/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://pentestmag.com/sql-injection-to-rce/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.nomoreransom.org/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://pentestmag.com/7-cybersecurity-blunders-in-big-data/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Microsoft Doesn’t Back Up the Windows Registry Anymore
BY MATTHEW HUMPHRIES 1 JUL 2019, 3:41 P.M.
https://uk.pcmag.com/windows-10/121518/microsoft-doesnt-back-up-the-windows-registry-anymore
It’s still possible to perform Windows Registry backups, but the option is disabled by default. Microsoft made the change to save on storage space.
Tomi Engdahl says:
If your company doesn’t have an internal “cybersecurity plan”, you can at least use this to generate one to get started and tweak it.
Cyberplanner
https://www.fcc.gov/cyberplanner
As larger companies take steps to secure their systems, less secure small businesses are easier targets for cyber criminals. In October 2012, the FCC re-launched Small Biz Cyber Planner 2.0, an online resource to help small businesses create customized cybersecurity plans. Use this tool to create and save a custom cyber security plan for your company, choosing from a menu of expert advice to address your specific business needs and concerns.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Silicon Valley Is Listening to Your Most Intimate Moments
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-12-11/silicon-valley-got-millions-to-let-siri-and-alexa-listen-in
How the world’s biggest companies got millions of people to let temps analyze some very sensitive recordings.
a vague job: transcribing audio files for Amazon.com Inc. For $12 an hour, she and her fellow contractors, or “data associates,” listened to snippets of random conversations and jotted down every word on their laptops. Amazon would only say the work was critical to a top-secret speech-recognition product. The clips included recordings of intimate moments inside people’s homes.
This was in fall 2014, right around the time Amazon unveiled the Echo speaker featuring Alexa, its voice-activated virtual-assistant software. Amazon pitched Alexa as a miracle of artificial intelligence in its first Echo ad
Amazon was capturing every voice command in the cloud and relying on data associates like her to train the system.
The recordings she and her co-workers were listening to were often intense, awkward, or intensely awkward. Lonely sounding people confessing intimate secrets and fears
In the five years since Slatis first felt her skin crawl, a quarter of Americans have bought “smart speaker” devices such as the Echo, Google Home, and Apple HomePod. (A relative few have even bought Facebook’s Portal, an adjacent smart video screen.) Amazon is winning the sales battle so far, reporting that more than 100 million Alexa devices have been purchased. But now a war is playing out between the world’s biggest companies to weave Alexa, Apple’s Siri, Alphabet’s Google Assistant, Microsoft’s Cortana, and Facebook’s equivalent service much deeper into people’s lives. Mics are built into phones, smartwatches, TVs, fridges, SUVs, and everything in between.
Consulting firm Juniper Research Ltd. estimates that by 2023 the global annual market for smart speakers will reach $11 billion, and there will be about 7.4 billion voice-controlled devices in the wild. That’s about one for every person on Earth.
The question is, then what?
“Having microphones that listen all the time is concerning. We’ve found that users of these devices close their eyes and trust that companies are not going to do anything bad with their recorded data,”
Tomi Engdahl says:
Former contractors describe the system as something out of the Tower of Babel or George Orwell’s 1984.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Google details its approach to cloud-native security
https://techcrunch.com/2019/12/17/new-google-whitepaper-details-its-approach-to-cloud-native-security/
Over the years, Google’s various whitepapers, detailing how the company solves specific problems at scale, have regularly spawned new startup ecosystems and changed how other enterprises think about scaling their own tools. Today, the company is publishing a new security whitepaper that details how it keeps its cloud-native architecture safe.
The name, BeyondProd, already indicates that this is an extension of the BeyondCorp zero trust system the company first introduced a few years ago. While BeyondCorp is about shifting security away from VPNs and firewalls on the perimeter to the individual users and devices, BeyondProd focuses on Google’s zero trust approach to how it connects machines, workloads and services.
BeyondProd: How Google moved from perimeter-based to cloud-native security
https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/beyondprod-whitepaper-discusses-cloud-native-security-at-google
At Google, our infrastructure runs on containers, using a container orchestration system Borg, the precursor to Kubernetes. Google’s architecture is the inspiration and template for what’s widely known as “cloud-native” today—using microservices and containers to enable workloads to be split into smaller, more manageable units for maintenance and discovery.
Google’s cloud-native architecture was developed prioritizing security as part of every evolution in our architecture. Today, we’re introducing a whitepaper about BeyondProd, which explains the model for how we implement cloud-native security at Google.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Mobile Devices Account for 41% of DDoS Attack Traffic
https://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/mobile-devices-account-for-41–of-ddos-attack-traffic/d/d-id/1336635
DNS amplification attacks continue to dominate distributed
denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, while mobile devices make up a
larger share of traffic. The number of distributed denial-of-service
(DDoS) attacks rose 86% in the third quarter compared to a year ago,
with amplification attacks using the domain name system (DNS)
remaining the most popular technique for attacking targets. DNS
amplification attacks accounted for 45% of the attacks, while HTTP
floods and TCP SYN attacks accounted for 14% and 7.7%, respectively,
according to new data published by network security firm Nexusguard.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Ransomware ‘Crisis’ in US Schools: More Than 1, 000 Hit So Far in 2019
https://www.darkreading.com/threat-intelligence/ransomware-crisis-in-us-schools-more-than-1000-hit-so-far-in-2019/d/d-id/1336634
Meanwhile, the mayor of the city of New Orleans says no ransom money
demands were made as her city struggles to recover from a major
ransomware attack launched last week. Ransomware attacks have
continued pummeling US schools, with 11 new school districts 226
schools hit since October, while major US cities such as New Orleans
and Pensacola gradually recover from attacks this month.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Every time some people see the word “Hacker”, it makes them depressed :{
Some see Hacker is sort of an insult. Hobbyist explains it.
“hacker” is fine when the one who says it actually hold the concept but usually they don’t
Tomi Engdahl says:
Freaked Out? 3 Stepsto Protect Your Phone
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/12/19/opinion/location-tracking-privacy-tips.html?smid=fb-nytopinion&smtyp=cur
Stop sharing your location with apps
Disable your mobile ad ID
Prevent Google from storing your location
Understand locationtracking is hard to avoid
You can do only so much. Location vendors are engaged in a race to find new ways to ferret out your devices, regardless of whether you followed the steps above.
Tomi Engdahl says:
“Is a Virtual Reality Social Network for Hackers and Security Experts Ever Possible? — An Analysis” by Dancho Danchev
Is a Virtual Reality Social Network for Hackers and Security Experts Ever Possible? — An Analysis
https://medium.com/@danchodanchev/is-a-virtual-reality-social-network-for-hackers-and-security-experts-ever-possible-an-analysis-5c24ad0fe186
Tomi Engdahl says:
How to check for websites hacked to run web skimming, magecart attack
https://www.hackread.com/how-to-check-websites-hacked-web-skimming-magecart-attack/
Web skimming is a type of online fraud in which a website’s payment page is compromised through malware or other malicious means. This fraud/attack has recently gained momentum as a popular technique among the black hat hackers community.
By bypassing certain web application security protocols such as the Same Origin Policy (SOP), it is known to bring in lucrative returns.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Called “urlscan.io,” the popular tool allows you to enter any URL or hostname and presents a range of information for you to analyze and make a decision.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://digital-forensics.sans.org/community/downloads/digital-forensics-tools
Tomi Engdahl says:
AI Based Defensive Systems Impact on Cybercriminal Strategy
https://pentestmag.com/ai-based-defensive-systems-impact-on-cybercriminal-strategy/
Good guys are working at a fever pitch to create pre-emptive adversarial attack models to find AI vulnerabilities. But threat actors are working just as fast to develop threats and have the resources (aka money) to build powerful cyber weapons. Who will win this race against time?
Tomi Engdahl says:
Cyberattacks on Medical Devices Are on the Rise—and Manufacturers Must Respond
https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-human-os/biomedical/devices/cyber-attacks-on-medical-devices-are-on-the-riseand-manufacturers-must-respond
Tomi Engdahl says:
BeyondProd: How Google moved from perimeter-based to cloud-native security
https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/beyondprod-whitepaper-discusses-cloud-native-security-at-google
Tomi Engdahl says:
Password strenght
https://xkcd.com/936/
Tomi Engdahl says:
This sounds like something out of a Dan Brown book, but it isn’t: The whole internet is controlled by seven actual, physical keys.
The Internet Is Actually Controlled By 14 People Who Hold 7 Secret Keys
https://www.iflscience.com/technology/the-internet-is-actually-controlled-by-14-people-who-hold-7-secret-keys/
This sounds like something out of a Dan Brown book, but it isn’t: The whole internet is controlled by seven actual, physical keys.
The Guardian’s James Ball was recently allowed to observe the highly secure ritual known as a key ceremony.
The people conducting the ceremony are part of an organization called the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). ICANN is responsible for assigning numerical internet addresses to websites and computers and translating them into the normal web addresses that people type into their browsers.
ICANN maps the numbers (easier for computers to use) with words (easier for humans to use).
If someone were to gain control of ICANN’s database, that person would control the internet. For instance, the person could send people to fake bank websites instead of real bank websites.
On the other hand, if a calamity happened, the ICANN database could need to be rebuilt.
It selected seven people as key holders and gave each one an actual key to internet. It selected seven more people to be backup key holders: 14 people in all.
The physical keys unlock safe deposit boxes stashed around the world. Inside those boxes are smart key cards. Put the seven smartcards together and you have the “master key.”
Four times a year since 2010 the seven key holders meet for the key ceremony where they generate a new master key, i.e. a new password.
The security to be admitted to the ceremony is intense
Tomi Engdahl says:
Before the US crypto export regulations were finally disolved the export version of Lotus Notes used to include a key escrow / backdoor feature called differential cryptography. The idea was that they got permission to export 64 bit crypto if 24 of those bits were encrypted for the NSA’s public key. The NSA would then only have the small matter of brute-forcing the remaining 40 bits to get the plaintext, and everyone else would get a not-that-great 64 bit key space (which probably already back then NSA would have had the compute power to brute force also, only at higher cost).
http://www.cypherspace.org/adam/hacks/lotus-nsa-key.html