5G? IoT? Fiber Deep? 600G? We Are ready for networking at 2019!
For years we have all been talking about the emergence of 5G services, the Internet of Things (IoT) and the new high-capacity, low-latency network architectures that will be needed to support the resulting onslaught of bandwidth. Higher-speed data rates are critical to electronic evolution and revolution.
Here are some of my collection of newest trends and predictions for year 2018. have picked and mixed here quotations from many articles (linked to source) with some of my own additions to make this posting.
5G: The most newsworthy stories in wireless today are all about 5G. In 2019, we enter a cautious, early-adoption phase of this next generation of wireless technology. 2019 will be the year when we see the first commercial networks turning on and first handsets arriving in the market. Only a small number of users will get a first taste of 5G in specific geographic locations, using specific applications, none of which are ubiquitous or cost-optimized. For more details read my 5G trends for 2019 posting.
Deep fiber: Deep deployment of fiber optics into national network infrastructure might not be as glamorous as the eagerly anticipated launch of fifth-generation mobile networks (5G); however, it is just as important—maybe even more important. Wired broadband access supports as much as 90 percent of all internet traffic even though the majority of traffic ultimately terminates on a wireless device. Wireline and wireless networks are driving new architectures to support the move from 4G LTE to 5G infrastructure. In fact, 5G relies heavily on fiber infrastructure. Service providers in the access market are talking about the evolution of their plants to a Fiber Deep (FD) Architecture. FD architectures move the optical node (the optical-to-electrical conversion point) deeper into the network and closer to the subscriber. This means shorter copper, faster speed, more capacity and reduction in maintenance cost for both cable TV network and telephone line based access networks.
Ethernet: Faster Ethernet speeds are taken to use. These transitions are driven by the increasing global IP traffic. Hyper-scalers and service providers are moving from 100GbE to 400GbE Ethernet rates and beyond. In this speed development 56Gb/s And 112Gb/s SerDes Matter.
TSN: Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a set of standards under development by the Time-Sensitive Networking task group of the IEEE 802.1 working group. TSN standards documents that are specified by IEEE 802.1 can be grouped into three basic key component categories that are time synchronization; scheduling and traffic shaping; selection of communication paths, path reservations and fault-tolerance. Industrial Ethernet networks embrace time-sensitive networking (TSN) technology to integrate operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT).
SDN: Software-defined networking (SDN) technology is an approach to cloud computing that facilitates network management and enables programmatically efficient network configuration in order to improve network performance and monitoring. SD-WAN applies similar technology to a wide area network (WAN). SD-WAN allows companies to build higher-performance WANs using lower-cost and commercially available Internet access, enabling businesses to partially or wholly replace more expensive private WAN connection technologies such as MPLS.
IPv6: IPv4 and IPv6 are the two Protocols Run the Internet in 2019. The long-forecasted day the internet runs out of addresses has arrived and it marks a paradigm shift in the internet’s evolution. Though IPv6 has been available globally since 2012, it has seen a slow, if increasing, adoption rate. The migration to IPv6 is inevitable but will take time during that both systems are in use. In many networks a notable amount of traffic is already IPv6.
New Internet protocols: Internet security gets a boost with TLS 1.3. Also HTTP is in process of switching to a protocol layered on top of UDP. Today’s HTTP (versions 1.0, 1.1, and 2) are all layered on top of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) that is not very optimal in today’s applications as SSL over TCP requires subsequent round trips to establish the encrypted connection.
IoT: The IoT world is here, and the level and rate of convergence is increasing in volume and velocity. We will see the evolution of converged networks for IoT applications in mind. Network convergence (version 2.0) is here with changes and improvements made since the first converged network (Convergence 1.0). TIA TR-42 (Telecommunications Cabling Systems ANSI/TIA-568 family), BICSI (TDMM and others) and proprietary or third documents must adapt and adjust.
PoE: The IEEE 802.3bt standard, approved by the IEEE Standards Association Board on September 27, 2018, included some significant enhancements especially for LED lighting systems. This specification allows for up to 90W of delivered power for cable lengths of up to 100m through the use of all four pairs of wires.
Trade wars: It seem that there is a high tech “trade war” between USA and China. It affects specifically networking business. Big Chinese manufacturers Huawei and ZTE are have received sanctions and their products are not wanted by many countries citing their business practices and potential security nightmares. For example Japan to halt buying Huawei, ZTE equipment and Huawei has been under fire in UK, just to mention examples. It seems that the business that is lost by Huawei and ZTE could benefit Ericsson and Nokia in the 5G base station markets for short term.
Security: The internet is going to hell and its creators want your help fixing it. All agree on one thing however: Right now there is a serious battle for heart and minds, the future of the internet and global society itself. There seems to be need for a conference to address the fact that people increasingly see tech as a threat and no longer as a pure force for good. Government set to revise internal rules on procurement to protect national cybersecurity. Your DNS might be broken, and you don’t even know it. Some DNS old hacks gets thrown out of use by February 1st, 2019.
WiFi: WiFi technology gets new marketing naming. The numerical sequence includes: Wi-Fi 6 to identify devices that support 802.11ax technology, Wi-Fi 5 to identify devices that support 802.11ac technology, Wi-Fi 4 to identify devices that support 802.11n technology.
Faster mobile: Mobile networks are getting faster in many countries. Mobile networks are killing Wi-Fi for speed around the world. Average data speeds on mobile networks now outpace customer’s Wi-Fi connection, on average, in 33 countries. That’s the The State of Wifi vs Mobile Network Experience as 5G Arrives.
Energy efficiency: We need to develop more energy efficient networking technologies. Today, information and communication technologies globally consume 8% of electricity and doubles every year.
1,186 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
Capturing and Analyzing Impulse Noise
http://www.equicom.hu/wp-content/uploads/EXFO_anote303_Capturing-and-Analyzing-Impulse-Noise_en.pdf
Tomi Engdahl says:
Old TV set interfered with village’s DSL Internet each day for 18 months
Engineers traced interference with a spectrum analyzer
https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/09/old-tv-set-interfered-with-villages-dsl-internet-each-day-for-18-months/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2020/09/22/second-hand-television-shines-takes-down-entire-villages-internet/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Azure Orbital launches Microsoft into cloud-based space race with Amazon
https://www.geekwire.com/2020/azure-orbital-launches-microsoft-cloud-computing-space-race-amazon/
Call it the Clash of the Cloud Titans: Today Microsoft is taking the wraps off Azure Orbital, a cloud-based satellite data processing platform that competes with Amazon Web Services’ Ground Station offering.
The launch of Azure Orbital, timed for this week’s Microsoft Ignite conference for developers, can be taken as another sign that the final frontier is the next frontier for cloud computing.
“Essentially, we’re building a ‘ground station as a service,’ ” Mark Russinovich, chief technology officer at Microsoft Azure, told GeekWire in advance of today’s unveiling.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Microsoft spent years building Teams into a strong challenger to Slack. Now it’s using its software suite to take on another cloud success: Twilio.
Microsoft Is Building A Cloud-Based Phone Company — And Taking On A Public Company It Helped Grow
https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidjeans/2020/09/24/microsoft-azure-communication-services-twilio/?utm_source=FBPAGE&utm_medium=social&utm_content=3747154368&utm_campaign=sprinklrForbesMainFB#4d43ec63288d
Microsoft spent years building Teams into a strong challenger to Slack. Now it’s using its software suite to take on another cloud success: Twilio.
The Redmond-based tech giant announced Tuesday that it had launched Azure Communication Services, a new suite of tools that it says is the “first fully managed communication platform offering from a major cloud provider.” In short, the services will give developers a way to add text messaging, voice and video calling to their apps. And next month it plans to add old-school landline calling as an option.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Meet the ‘DPU’ – accelerated network cards designed to go where CPUs and GPUs can’t be bothered
You may know them as SmartNICs and they’re touted as making AI, clouds and 5G scale
https://www.theregister.com/2020/09/25/smartnic_dpu/
Crack open a firewall, load-balancer or storage array and on the motherboard you might find a chip named “Octeon” by Marvell.
Octeon’s job is giving appliance-builders a chip that handles all the messy bits of moving data securely across networks so they can focus on building brilliant firewalls or storage array. The chips can scale to 16 more cores and are programmable: firewall vendors can make them dance to their tune and array-builders can tweak them to handle the way disks spew out data.
The Register offers that short history lesson because it’s about to be re-told quite a lot thanks to another piece of hardware in which Octeon is at home: a network interface controller (NIC).
A few years back NICs got smart: vendors started adding some decently-specced compute cores and a little storage so they could do the same things Octeons do, namely offer a platform to handle work a device’s main engine is better off not doing. These beefed-up NICs came to be known as SmartNICs.
Hyperscale clouds liked the look of SmartNICs because they make money renting CPU cores, but some of those cores were busy running networking and security. Many servers in clouds host multiple VMs and customers, making cloud networking and security rather complex. Hyperscalers therefore liked to the idea of offloading that work into SmartNICs, both to free up CPU cores and to further isolate customer workloads from other tenants and the perils of the wider internet.
Cloud-measuring contests aside, SmartNICs have now become standard for hyperscalers. Alibaba, and Baidu are known users, while Google is under suspicion of having them under the hood and Microsoft does similar things but with FPGAs.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Why Cloud Networking is a must for Flexibility, Scalability, and Visibility
https://pentestmag.com/why-cloud-networking-is-a-must…/
#pentest #magazine #pentestmag #pentestblog #PTblog #cloud #networking #flexibility #scalability #visibility #cybersecurity #infosecurity #infosec
Tomi Engdahl says:
Ancient telly borked broadband for entire Welsh village
Single high-level impulse noise kicked in with morning cuppa. Owner vows never to use the set again
https://www.theregister.com/2020/09/22/old_tv_broke_broadband/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Creating a Home IPv6 Network
https://blog.hansenpartnership.com/creating-a-home-ipv6-network/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Why is a #retimer required for high-speed #data channels? #SignalIntegrity #communication
https://www.edn.com/why-is-a-retimer-required-for-high-speed-data-channels/?utm_content=buffer6e49a&utm_medium=social&utm_source=edn_facebook&utm_campaign=buffer
Tomi Engdahl says:
Elon Musk’s broadband network could work as better alternative to GPS, new research shows. And the US Army is very interested…
SpaceX’s Starlink satellites could make US Army navigation hard to jam
https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/09/28/1008972/us-army-spacex-musk-starlink-satellites-gps-unjammable-navigation/?utm_campaign=site_visitor.unpaid.engagement&utm_medium=tr_social&utm_source=Facebook#Echobox=1601286002
New research shows Elon Musk’s broadband network could work as an alternative to GPS
Tomi Engdahl says:
Washington state emergency responders say they’re impressed with Starlink’s latency and bandwidth in trials.
SpaceX’s Starlink in action: Internet satellites keep emergency workers online amid wildfires
https://www.zdnet.com/article/spacexs-starlink-in-action-internet-satellites-keep-emergency-workers-online-amid-wildfires/
Washington state emergency responders say they’re impressed with Starlink’s latency and bandwidth in trials
Tomi Engdahl says:
Jay Peters / The Verge:
Verizon says it expanded its 4G LTE-based home internet service to 48 US states, but only in areas where it doesn’t offer other broadband options or in-home 5G
Verizon’s LTE-based home internet is now in 48 US states, and it could be your last resort
The service first launched in July in a select few markets
https://www.theverge.com/2020/10/1/21497743/verizon-home-lte-service-rural-communities-48-states?scrolla=5eb6d68b7fedc32c19ef33b4
Verizon’s 4G LTE-based home broadband service targeting rural communities is now available in 48 states, and it might be worth a look if it’s available in your area. The service, called “LTE Home Internet,” offers unlimited data, no data usage caps, and typical download speeds of 25Mbps with peak speeds of 50Mbps. But it’s only available in “parts” of 189 markets, and only in areas where the company doesn’t already offer other broadband options such as Fios or its in-home 5G service.
LTE Home Internet starts at $40, but that’s only if you’re already on a monthly Verizon wireless plan that costs $30 or more. Those who don’t have an eligible Verizon wireless plan will instead pay $60 per month for LTE Home Internet. And the prices of both of tiers go up by $10 if you aren’t enrolled in Auto Pay and paper free billing.
Whatever rate you pay, you’ll also need the LTE Home router, which costs $240 on its own or $10 per month over 24 months through the company’s device payment plan.
Tomi Engdahl says:
112G SerDes Reliability
https://semiengineering.com/112g-serdes-reliability/
How to ensure consistent performance in the real world.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Australian telco security coordinator concerned at network virtualisation plans
https://www.zdnet.com/article/australian-telco-security-coordinator-concerned-at-network-virtualisation-plans/
Communications Access Coordinator received 32 notifications from the nation’s telcos in the year to June 30.
Australia’s Communications Access Coordinator (CAC) is concerned by the level of understanding within the nation’s telcos about the risk that network virtualisation can introduce.
The CAC role was created under Australia’s Telecommunications Sector Security Reforms (TSSR) and is charged with assessing whether changes made by telcos to their networks expose them to unauthorised access or interference, and if that is the case, it issues recommendations for changes.
The report also said the CAC received multiple notices of a carrier proposing to use a managed service provider, where the CAC thought the carrier would lose its ability to “maintain competent supervision of, and effective control over, telecommunications networks and facilities owned or operated by the carrier”.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Jon Brodkin / Ars Technica:
As AT&T stops connecting new DSL users, a new report co-written by an AT&T workers union says only 28% of AT&T territory has fiber-to-the-home internet
AT&T kills DSL, leaves tens of millions of homes without fiber Internet
AT&T stops connecting new DSL users; only 28% of AT&T territory has full fiber.
https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2020/10/life-in-atts-slow-lane-millions-left-without-fiber-as-company-kills-dsl/
AT&T has deployed fiber-to-the-home Internet to less than 30 percent of the households in its 21-state territory, according to a new report that says AT&T has targeted wealthy, non-rural areas in its fiber upgrades.
The report, co-written by an AT&T workers union and an advocacy group, is timely, being issued just a few days after AT&T confirmed it will stop connecting new customers to its aging DSL network. That does not mean customers in DSL areas will get fiber, because AT&T last year said it was mostly done expanding its fiber service. AT&T said at the time that it would only expand fiber incrementally, in areas where it makes financial sense for AT&T to do so. We’ll provide more detail on the DSL cutoff later in this article—in short, the fiber/copper hybrid known as AT&T Internet is still offered to new customers, but the slower product that AT&T sells under the DSL name is being discontinued except for existing customers.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Watch out Cloudflare, Cisco is launching a content delivery network service
By Anthony Spadafora 3 days ago
https://www.techradar.com/news/watch-out-cloudflare-cisco-is-launching-a-content-delivery-network-service
New solution allows service providers to deploy CDN capabilities inside their networks
Tomi Engdahl says:
Baofeng saves the life of ham radio operator
http://k0lwc.com/baofeng-saves-the-life-of-ham-radio-operator/
Ham radio is often portrayed as irrelevant. A dying hobby in the age of the cell phone. Ham radio operators know nothing could be further from the truth. One operator who would be the first to back that up is Alden Summers Jones, KC1JWR, from Vermont.
During the Summer of 2020, Alden decided to take a hike with family on the Long Trail in Vermont. Long Trail is the oldest hiking trail in the United States and crosses the highest peaks in Vermont. Like any smart ham radio operator, Alden made sure to bring his HT on the hike as mountainous regions often lack cell phone coverage.
Ham radio to the rescue
Alden, who regained consciousness, reaches into his bag and pulls out the most hated ham radio known to man — his trusty Baofeng. He put out a call on 146.91 (K1FFK) located at 3,500 ft on Mt. Greylock. The 146.91 repeater is one of the widest coverage mountaintop repeaters on the East Coast.
The emergency call was acknowledged by Ron Wonderlick, AG1W. Another ham named Matthew Sacco (KC1JPU) was monitoring the emergency traffic. After a short discussion with Ron, Matthew went mobile and put himself at the emergency responder staging (parking) area where crews would enter the backcountry wilderness.
With communication established, the next challenge was finding the hiker and choosing the right equipment to get Alden (KC1JWR) off the mountain. Someone on the scene used his cellphone to give Google Maps Plus Code, which first responders converted into a latitude and longitude.
When asked about the event, Mr. Van Dyke said, “Ham radio was a key part of the incident and played a major role in the rescue”.
What can we learn from Alden’s story?
So many believe ham radio is no longer needed. We have smartphones, right? The truth is our communications infrastructure is incredibly fragile. It can collapse with a moments notice. Furthermore, even in 2020 cell signals don’t cover everywhere.
I lived in Colorado for nearly a decade. I’ve lost count how many times I would rely on ham radio in the Rocky Mountain backcountry for voice or data coverage (APRS) when Verizon and AT&T showed “No Service”.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.commscope.com/blog/2020/how-iot-is-reshaping-network-design/?utm_source=CIM+Weekly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS201009020&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R
Tomi Engdahl says:
Wi-Fin DFS-kanavat älykkäästi käyttöön
https://etn.fi/index.php/tekniset-artikkelit/11265-wi-fin-dfs-kanavat-alykkaasti-kayttoon
Wi-Fillä on viidessä gigahertsissä kanavia, joilla usein sallitaan suurempi lähetysteho, mutta joiden käyttöönotto edellyttää esimerkiksi tutkasignaalien skannaamista. ON Semiconductor on kehittänyt tekniikan, jolla nämä kanavat saa älykkäämmin ja tehokkaammin käyttöön.
DFS-kanavat vievät osan 5 GHz:n taajuuksista, joilla käytetään olemassa olevia tutkia. Näitä ovat lentokenttätutka, sotilastutka ja säätutka
Kuten kuvasta 1 käy ilmi, 5 GHz:n taajuusalueella Wi-Fi-käyttöön on varattu vain kaksi 160 MHz:n levyistä kanavaa, molemmat näistä kanavista koostuvat osittain tai kokonaan DFS-kanavista. Monissa tapauksissa DFS-kanavat ovat vapaimmat kanavat, joilla on vähiten laitteita, koska kanavan hankinta/käyttöönotto on monimutkaista. Lisäksi tietyillä alueilla, kuten Euroopan Unionin alueella, DFS-kanava sallii suuremman lähetystehon. Siksi näillä kanavilla on olemassa luontaisia etuja.
Toimiakseen näillä kanavilla jokaisen Wi-Fi-tukiaseman on noudatettava DFS-protokollaa (Dynamic Frequency Selection).
Suurin osa nykyratkaisuista pysäyttää kaiken liikenteen, kun ne ovat DFS-kanavan kanavanhakuvaiheessa. Tämä aiheuttaa merkittävän häiriön yhteyteen ja useimmissa tapauksissa se tapahtuu vain yöllä, kun tukiasema on toimettomana.
Nykyään laitteet pakotetaan evakuoimaan koko 160 MHz:n kanava, kun DFS-tapahtuma havaitaan, vaikka tapahtuma tapahtuisi kanavalla 106. Kaikki tiukemman määritysten sääkanavan (122) puhdistamiseen käytettävät ponnistelut menivät hukkaan, koska tapahtuma tapahtui alemmalle 80 megahertsin kanavalla.
ON Semiconductor on käsitellyt kaikkia näitä kysymyksiä nykyisessä Wi-Fi 6 -ratkaisujensa sukupolvessa. Sekä QSR10GU-AX että QSR5GU-AX Plus -piirisarjat käsittelevät ongelmaa AlwaysON DFS:n avulla.
ZeroWait DFS
ON Semiconductorin Wi-Fi 6 -tuotteilla on kyky viedä yksi tai useampia antenneja ei-viereiselle kanavalle DFS-kanavien varaamiseen vaaditun CAC-tarkistuksen suorittamiseksi. Tämä tehdään häiritsemättä käyttäjäliikennettä. Tämän ansiosta laitteiden ei tarvitse odottaa myöhäisillan tunteihin DFS-kanavan tyhjentämiseksi. Käyttäjät voidaan siten siirtää puhtaampiin ja joissakin tapauksissa korkeamman lähetystehon kanaviin nopeammin, mikä johtaa yleisesti parempaan käyttökokemukseen.
Wideband CAC
Laajakaistainen CAC (WCAC) on toiminto, joka tyhjentää viereisen 80 MHz DFS-kanavan saumattomasti häiritsemättä liikennettä.
Sub-Band DFS (S-DFS)
Alikanava-DFS on puolestaan edistyksellinen tekniikka, jota ON Semiconductor käyttää määrittämään, millä 80 MHz kanavalla jokin DFS-tapahtuma havaittiin. Tämä on elintärkeää, jotta DFS-kanavia voi käyttää pidemmän aikaa.
Onneksi voimme S-DFS-ominaisuuden avulla määrittää, mikä alikaistalla tutka toimi. Jos se tapahtui kanavalla 122, pudotamme vain kaistanleveytemme 80 megahertsiin ja toimimme kokonaan kanavalla 106. Tällä tavoin voimme maksimoida sen ajan, jonka käytämme vaikeasti vapautettavilla DFS-kanavilla.
Kun kanavan 122 käyttämättömyysaika on kulunut loppuun, voimme hyödyntää WCAC-tarkistusta ja jälleen saumattomasti tyhjentää kanavan ja jatkaa toimintaa 160 MHz:n kaistalla.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Nokia näyttää, miten wifi-verkko pitää toteuttaa
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/11257-nokia-nayttaa-miten-wifi-verkko-pitaa-toteuttaa
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/majordomo/permalink/10161282979834522/
4G LTE on the moon will eventually be transitioned to 5G (inb4 Orange Man Bad)
Nokia of America Corporation –
Inspired by terrestrial technology, Nokia proposes to deploy the first LTE/4G communications system in space. The system could support lunar surface communications at greater distances, increased speeds, and provide more reliability than current standards.
https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/solicitations/tipping_points/2020_selections
Tomi Engdahl says:
NASA funds Nokia plan to provide cellular service on moon
https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2020/10/15/NASA-funds-Nokia-plan-to-provide-cellular-service-on-moon/2001602710195/
NASA will fund a project by Nokia to build a 4G cellular communication network on the moon with $14.1 million, the space agency announced.
That project was part of $370 million in new contracts for lunar surface research missions NASA announced Wednesday. Most of the money went to large space companies like SpaceX and United Launch Alliance to perfect techniques to make and handle rocket propellant in space.
Tomi Engdahl says:
North Korea Accidently Leaks How Tiny Its Internet Is
https://www.iflscience.com/technology/north-korea-accidently-leaks-how-tiny-its-internet-is/
Yesterday, a GitHub file dump revealed all the registered domains listed to the “.kp” country code top-level domain for North Korea. Essentially, it revealed that the hermit kingdom only has 28 websites.
https://github.com/mandatoryprogrammer/NorthKoreaDNSLeak/blob/master/README.md
Tomi Engdahl says:
Uudet suotimet korjaavat wifin isoa ongelmaa
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/11285-uudet-suotimet-korjaavat-wifin-isoa-ongelmaa
WiFi-tekniikka omaksuu erityisesti uuden 6-polven myötä 5G-yhteyksistä tuttuja ominaisuuksia. Moneen reaaliaikaiseen käyttöön sillä on kuitenkin iso ongelma: latenssit ovat liian pitkiä. Tähän on nyt tulossa helpotusta uusilla taajuussuotimilla eli filttereillä.
Nykyisessa wifissä (IEEE 802.11ac) latenssi on esimerkiksi videoyhteyksissä 300-400 millisekuntia. Tämä ei kuulosta paljolta, mutta yhteyden vastapäissä se karsii tehokkaasti kaiken, mikä vaatii reaaliaikaisuutta. Verkkopelaaminen ei tule nyky-WiFin läpi edes kysymykseen.
Uusi Wi-Fi 6E -tekniikka lupaa korvata nämä ongelmat. Broadcomin kenttätesteissä on jo päästy kahden gigabitin nopeuksiin 160 megahertsin levyisessä kaistassa ja jatkuvaan 2 millisekunnin viiveeseen. Tähän pitää kuitenkin päästä myös normiolosuhteissa.
Wi-Fi 6E:n kannalta ongelma on, että samalla kuuden gigahertsin alueella on muitakin laitteita, kuten nopeasti älypuhelimissakin yleistyviä UWB-radioita (lue lisää: etn.fi/11281). Tämän takia linkin laadun kannalta pitää liikenne rajoittaa juuri halutulle alueelle.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/11290-nokia-vie-4g-n-kuuhun
Tomi Engdahl says:
Got any signal up here? Nokia to build mobile network on the moon
https://www.reuters.com/article/nokia-nasa-moon-idUSKBN2741JR
HELSINKI (Reuters) – Struggling to get a phone signal at home on planet Earth? Perhaps you’ll have better luck on the moon.
Nokia has been selected by NASA to build the first cellular network on the moon, the Finnish company said on Monday, as the U.S. space agency plans for a future where humans return there and establish lunar settlements.
Nokia said the first wireless broadband communications system in space would be built on the lunar surface in late 2022, before humans make it back there.
The network will configure itself and establish a 4G/LTE communications system on the moon, Nokia said, though the aim would be to eventually switch to 5G.
It will partner with a Texas-based private space craft design company, Intuitive Machines, to deliver the equipment to the moon on their lunar lander.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Struggling to get a phone signal at home on planet Earth? Perhaps you’ll have better luck on the moon in late 2022.
Nokia has been selected by NASA to build the first cellular network on the moon as the U.S. space agency plans for a future where humans return there and establish lunar settlements. NASA will fund a project by Nokia to build a 4G cellular communication network on the moon with $14.1 million.
The network will configure itself and establish a 4G/LTE communications system on the moon, Nokia said, though the aim would be to eventually switch to 5G. Intuitive Machines plans to deliver the equipment to the moon on their lunar lander.
Got any signal up here? Nokia to build mobile network on the moon
https://www.reuters.com/article/nokia-nasa-moon-idUSKBN2741JR
NASA funds Nokia plan to provide cellular service on moon
https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2020/10/15/NASA-funds-Nokia-plan-to-provide-cellular-service-on-moon/2001602710195
https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/solicitations/tipping_points/2020_selections
Tomi Engdahl says:
Nokia has aimed to moon for few years
https://www.nokia.com/about-us/news/releases/2018/02/27/nokia-is-selected-by-vodafone-to-be-its-technology-partner-for-mission-to-the-moon-project/
Nokia is selected by Vodafone to be its technology partner for Mission to the Moon project
Press Release
Vodafone Germany appoints Nokia as technology partner to develop space-grade network weighing less than a bag of sugar.
Vodafone 4G network will enable first live-streaming of HD video from the Moon’s surface to a global audience.
PTScientists will lead Mission to the Moon in 2019.
Tomi Engdahl says:
NASA is launching a 4G phone network on the moon
Nokia’s lunar LTE network will allow astronauts to make calls, stream data and remote control robots.
https://www.cnet.com/news/nasa-is-launching-a-4g-phone-network-on-the-moon/
Tomi Engdahl says:
A quest for faster upstream bandwidth
https://www.edn.com/a-quest-for-faster-upstream-bandwidth/?utm_content=bufferbbdcd&utm_medium=social&utm_source=edn_facebook&utm_campaign=buffer
Upstream bandwidth limitations were the key hindrance here, to be clear; downstream was still fine for our purposes.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Lillian Rizzo / Wall Street Journal:
Users working from home are running into internet usage limits as ISPs reinstate data caps they suspended at the beginning of the pandemic — As more people rely on their home broadband for work and school during the coronavirus pandemic, providers are reinstating data caps
Americans Working From Home Face Internet Usage Limits
https://www.wsj.com/articles/americans-working-from-home-face-internet-usage-limits-11603638000?mod=djemalertNEWS
As more people rely on their home broadband for work and school during the coronavirus pandemic, providers are reinstating data caps
The coronavirus pandemic led millions of Americans to turn their homes into offices and classrooms. It also forced many to change their habits to keep their internet bills in check.
The amount of time consumers spend streaming TV, gaming and using Zoom or other videoconference platforms substantially increased since the start of the pandemic, activities that often eat up large amounts of data.
The practice of limiting the internet usage of customers and charging heavy users more is common among many of the nation’s internet providers. Doing so partly helps offset the revenue lost from subscribers abandoning their traditional pay-TV plans in favor of internet-based options—a phenomenon known as cord-cutting. Users who consistently need more data are encouraged to upgrade to a pricier plan.
Data caps also help keep the prices of internet packages stable by shifting the extra cost to heavy users, according to Mark Trudeau, chief executive of broadband-data firm OpenVault, which tracks more than a million U.S. subscribers. “It protects the majority of subscribers from having rates raised every year,” he said.
As the pandemic forced Americans to shelter at home in March, several providers like Comcast and AT&T Inc. temporarily suspended overage fees for some customers. Many, including Comcast and Cox Communications Inc., later reinstituted data limits. AT&T’s millions of DSL subscribers—the technology that sends internet signals over copper telephone wires—also now face monthly limits, while AT&T fiber customers’ data caps are waived through the end of the year.
On top of helping internet providers generate more revenue, data limits are a way to alleviate congestion and strain on the network. The internet’s backbone held up pretty well during the early days of the pandemic, despite significant pressure.
“We’ve lived through this scenario and did well without caps on bandwidth usage, which makes you question why they are needed at all,” said David Choffnes, an associate professor at the Khoury College of Computer Sciences at Northeastern University.
Providers have attributed strong internet performance to round-the-clock work being done on the network, which was possible because of billions of dollars of further investment. The size of the cost is another reason why providers say heavy users are often asked to pay more.
In September, U.S. households used an average of 383.8 gigabytes of data, according to OpenVault. So far this month, consumption has increased to 413.3 gigabytes. This is up from 361 gigabytes in January, which had been the latest monthly record of usage prior to the pandemic.
Comcast said even with pandemic usage, 95% of its customers don’t reach its limit, which it recently upped to 1.2 terabytes from 1 terabyte. For some Comcast subscribers, the price of unlimited packages has also been lowered, a spokeswoman said.
Similarly, Cox raised its data allowance by 25% to 1.25 terabytes a month, and it waives the overage fee the first time a customer exceeds their data allowance, according to a spokesman.
Verizon Communications Inc. consumer unit chief Ronan Dunne said the average subscriber of its Fios service uses more than 500 gigabytes a month without taxing the fiber-optic system’s infrastructure, so the company doesn’t charge fees to reduce consumption.
As he spent more time at home, his internet usage shot up, mostly due to virtual classes and gaming.
Mr. Waltz’s bill increased by about $50 a month to roughly $161 as a result of the upgrade, but he said he no longer has to worry about facing an overage fee. He also said he feels his internet quality improved.
When Comcast’s data cap was reinstated in July, Shane Bailey, a web developer in Jacksonville, Fla., said he and his family came close or exceeded the limit a few times before he chose to upgrade to an unlimited plan for an additional $30 a month.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Nokia puskee jopa gigabitin vanhaan puhelinlinjaan
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/11311-nokia-puskee-jopa-gigabitin-vanhaan-puhelinlinjaan
Nokia kertoo, että Saksan suurin alueellinen teleopraattori NetCologne on ottanut sen G.fast-tekniikan käyttöön omassa verkossaan, jossa on yli 28 000 kilometriä asennettuja valokaapeleita. G.fastin avulla NetColognen asiakkaille tarjotaan jopa gigabitin datayhteyttä vanhoja kuparilinjoja pitkin.
G.fast on ITU:n ratifioima tekniikka, joka tuo gigabittiin yltävät yhteydet sadan metrin päässä jakelukeskuksesta. 200 metrin päässä standardi lupaa nopeudeksi 200 megabittiä sekunnissa ja 250 metrin päässä vielä 150 megabittiä sekunnissa. Iso etu G.fast-modeemeissa on se, että tilaaja voi itse asentaa ne.
Nokian G.Fast-tekniikka hyödyntää 212 megahertsin taajuusaluetta puhelinkaapelissa.
Siirtymä vanhsta VDSL2-tekniikasta G.fast-tekniikkaan käy periaatteessa edullisesti ja nopeasti. Riittää, että tilaaja liittää Nokia Lightspan-reitittimen puhelinlinjaansa.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Wi-Fi 6/6E enabled 10G fiber gateways and routers
https://www.cablinginstall.com/wireless-5g/article/14185193/wifi-66e-enabled-10g-fiber-gateways-and-routers
Celeno and Cortina to offer a joint platform for designing high-performance 10G GPON gateways and routers.
Wi-Fi technology expert Celeno Communications and Cortina Access, Inc., a provider of fiber access and carrier-grade gateway platforms, have announced a joint partnership to design high-performance 10G GPON gateways and routers. The joint solution will leverage Celeno’s latest Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E (6 GHz band) single chip architecture and Cortina’s CA8289 SoC to deliver a complete, pre-integrated reference platform for high-end Wi-Fi 10 Gbps gateways and routers.
The Celeno CL8000 family offers highly integrated Wi-Fi 6/6E (802.11ax R2) PCIe chip solutions to enable 10Gbps speeds in next generation gateways and routers. The CL8000 chips are based on advanced 14nm foundry geometry for a low power architecture. The company says its CL8000 delivers the best Wi-Fi performance for its size by combining two complete Wi-Fi 6 access point radios into a single 11×11 BGA package and utilizing only one PCIe gen 3.0 interface. The CL8080 can deliver up to 6 Gbps of speed and 8 radio chains of 4×4 2.4GHz and 4×4 5GHz over a dual lane PCIe interface.
The company notes that a complete tri-band solution, supporting 4×4 MIMO on each band (2.4, 5, 6 GHz) plus a dedicated 4th listening radio, can also be implemented with only CL8080 and CL8066 chips while employing only two PCIe interfaces. The dedicated 4th listening radio enables spectrum analysis, Zero-Wait-DFS, Zero-Wait-CAC, beacon analysis and packet sniffing capabilities for fast and efficient spectrum scanning and channel characterization. Service providers can improve their management capabilities and respond better to their customer needs with this unique quad band solution, adds Celeno.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.natureindex.com/institution-outputs/singapore/nanyang-technological-university-ntu/5139072d34d6b65e6a00215b?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=nindx-Oct20RH&utm_content=NTU&fbclid=IwAR2DHWQEXqShMo2dt2gr9rg2QeX4dID7Sz-8x0gJSnOXSESZ-06Cnc_SmqE#highlight
Tomi Engdahl says:
Vint Cerf Is Working on an Internet for Outer Space
https://science.slashdot.org/story/20/10/25/2329239/vint-cerf-is-working-on-an-internet-for-outer-space?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Slashdot%2Fslashdot%2Fto+%28%28Title%29Slashdot+%28rdf%29%29
“TCP/IP doesn’t work at interplanetary distances,” 77-year-old Vinton Cerf tells Quanta magazine. “So we designed a set of protocols that do.” Specifically, bundle protocols: a disruption/delay-tolerant networking (DTN) protocol with nodes that can also store information:
A data packet traveling from Earth to Jupiter might, for example, go through a relay on Mars, Cerf explained. However, when the packet arrives at the relay, some 40 million miles into the 400-million-mile journey, Mars may not be oriented properly to send the packet on to Jupiter. “Why throw the information away, instead of hanging on to it until Jupiter shows up?” Cerf said. This store-and-forward feature allows bundles to navigate toward their destinations one hop at a time, despite large disruptions and delays…
So, a couple decades after conceiving of bundle protocols, is the interplanetary internet up and running?
To Boldly Go Where No Internet Protocol Has Gone Before
https://www.quantamagazine.org/vint-cerfs-plan-for-building-an-internet-in-space-20201021/
Vinton Cerf helped create the internet 40 years ago, and he’s still working to connect people around the world — and off it.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Europe Focuses on 6GHz Regulation, While Wi-Fi 7 Looms Beyond
https://www.eetimes.com/europe-focuses-on-6ghz-regulation-while-wi-fi-7-looms-beyond/
European regulators have been coming under increasing pressure regarding the slow pace at which the necessary lower 6-GHz band for Wi-Fi and its successor, Wi-Fi 6E, has been made available in the region.
At the same time, standards setters at the IEEE 802.1 committee have been making good progress in finalizing specifications for the next stage in wireless LANs. A working group has recently released detailed technical criteria for what is now referred to as 802.11be, but which is widely expected to be designated Wi-Fi 7 when the technology becomes a reality, now expected to be late 2024.
Let’s focus on the positive first. The technologists and standards setters working to define 802.11be [or Extremely High Throughput (EHT)] have set themselves hugely ambitious goals so as to meet the ever-increasing connectivity demands as well as ensuring the sector makes even more efficient use of the spectrum.
The developing standard targets higher data rates, lower latency, better power (and cost) efficiency, improved interference mitigation and higher capacity density — achieving all of these incremental improvements together is going to be tough. As is the ability to meet the mid-2024 target date set by the Committee for publishing the 802.11 be amendment, so that certification and interoperability tests can commence under the auspices of the Wi-Fi Alliance by the end of that year.
Of course as with previous iterations of the WLAN, pre-certified end-user gear is likely to appear before late 2024, as is happening now with Wi-Fi 6 and will soon with the next generation to follow — Wi-Fi 6E.
And backward compatibility with previous generations of the WLAN will need to be ensured for a smooth transition to the next generation.
The standards for 802.11be (let’s call it Wi-Fi 7) will still be based on OFDMA, but some key advances are expected that should allow the option to deploy 4096-QAM.
An improved MU-MIMO is being specified (to date referred to as “cooperative” CMU-MIMO), designed to support the defined 16 spatial streams, double that being used in Wi-Fi 6. This is expected increase throughput by 20%, but as noted, this will be offered as an option, and lower modulation schemes will continue to be supported.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Internet2, Cisco team to advance national research and education network
https://www.cablinginstall.com/data-center/article/14185238/cisco-internet2-cisco-team-to-advance-national-research-and-education-network?utm_source=CIM+Weekly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS201016048&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Cisco’s ‘Internet for the Future’ routers and software will deliver key services for the Internet2 nationwide research and education network.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Ethernet At 40: From A Napkin Sketch To Multi-Gigabit Links
https://hackaday.com/2020/10/19/ethernet-at-40-from-a-napkin-sketch-to-multi-gigabit-links/
Tomi Engdahl says:
You must pay $99 to subscribe to Starlink’s internet satellite beta — plus a further $499 for the right equipment.
Starlink’s satellite-internet public beta costs $600 up front, SpaceX says — and some users are dropping even more for better equipment
https://trib.al/4DcX4DI
The “Better Than Nothing Beta” costs $99 a month, plus $499 for a kit with a tripod, a WiFi router, and a terminal to connect to the Starlink satellites, the email said.
Speeds will vary from 50 Mbps to 150 Mbps, SpaceX said.
Some users have said they’re already spending more on fancier gear. One Reddit user said they had spent an extra $100 on a sturdier mount.
A subscription to SpaceX’s service, known as the “Better Than Nothing Beta,” is $99 a month. It costs a further $499 for the Starlink Kit, which includes a mounting tripod, a WiFi router, and a terminal to connect to the satellites.
“Expect to see data speeds vary from 50Mb/s to 150Mb/s and latency from 20ms to 40ms over the next several months as we enhance the Starlink system. There will also be brief periods of no connectivity at all.”
The company has also released a Starlink app on the Google Play and Apple iOS app stores.
Some users have already said they’re willing to pay for extra equipment.
Nearly 900 Starlink satellites are in orbit as part of SpaceX’s plan for a high-speed internet network covering the Earth. SpaceX is planning to launch a full public beta test in North America soon.
Tomi Engdahl says:
DSL Is Barely Hanging On The Line As Telcos Stop Selling New Service
https://hackaday.com/2020/10/29/dsl-is-barely-hanging-on-the-line-as-telcos-stop-selling-new-service/
Are you reading this over AT&T DSL right now? If so, you might have to upgrade or go shopping for a new ISP soon. AT&T quietly stopped selling new traditional DSLs on October 1st, though they will continue to sell their upgraded fiber-to-the-node version. This leaves a gigantic digital divide, as only 28% of AT&T’s 21-state territory has been built out with full fiber to the home, and the company says they have done almost all of the fiber expansion that they intend to do. AT&T’s upgraded DSL offering is a fiber and copper hybrid, where fiber ends at the network node closest to the subscriber’s home, and the local loop is still over copper or coax.
At about the same time, a report came out written jointly by members of the Communications Workers of America union and a digital inclusion advocacy group. The report alleges that AT&T targets wealthy and non-rural areas for full fiber upgrades, leaving the rest of the country in the dark.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Nokialla saattaa olla edessä yhtiön osien myyntejä, koska uusi pomo Lundmark hylkäsi Surin kauden ydinopit – tuloksen jälkeen osake syöksyy 15 %
https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11619907
Viime kevään huhut saattavat pitää paikkansa. Nokia sanoo panostavansa vain alueille, joissa teknologinen johtajuus on saavutettavissa.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Nokia valmistautuu koko verkkobisneksen murrokseen
https://etn.fi/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11333&via=n&datum=2020-10-29_16:00:32&mottagare=31202
Syyskuussa vetovastuun ottanut Pekka Lundmark (kuvass) näkee taas, että markkinoilla tapahtuneet muutokset vaativat uutta organisaatiota. Ensi vuoden alusta Nokia koostuu neljästä liiketoimintaryhmästä: Mobile Networks, IP and Fixed Networks, Cloud and Network Services ja Nokia Technologies. Näiden rinnalle perustetaan uusi Customer Experience -yksikkö.
Lundmark korostaa, että jokaisella liiketoimintaryhmällä on tulosvastuu. Jokaisen ryhmän tavoitteena tulee olla markkinajohtaja omalla toiminta-alueellaan. Lundmarkin strategiatyön tuloksena syntynyt rakenne on ainakin aiempaa selkeämpi. Nyt Nokia koostuu mobiiliverkoista, kiinteistä verkoista, palveluista ja teknologiaa kehittävästä Technologiesista.
Raha Nokiaan tulee edelleen verkoista, erityisesti mobiiliverkoista. Lundmarkin mukaan yhtiö näkee merkittäviä mahdollisuuksia asiakkaidemme siirtyessä kohti ”network-as-a-service” -verkkopalveluratkaisuja. Tämä voi olla uuden organisaation tärkein palanen. Nokiassa on nähty, että verkkojen virtualisoitumisen myötä vanhanmallinen raudan myyminen tulee lopulta painoarvoltaan pienemmäksi. Sen sijaan verkkoyrityksen tulevaisuudessa on jatkossa myydä Lundmarkin kuvaamia NaaS-palveluja. Niiden kylkeen pitää toki edelleen myydä radiolaitteita ja antenneja, mutta myynti perustuu palvelun laatuun.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-starlink-helps-native-american-hoh-tribe/
Tomi Engdahl says:
SpaceX’s Starlink internet public beta is giving some users blistering download speeds of more than 160 Mbps, including in rural Montana
https://trib.al/0i1791K
SpaceX’s public beta test of its Starlink satellite-internet service is giving some users download speeds of more than 160 megabits per second – faster than 95% of US connections, according to the speed-test provider Ookla.
SpaceX said in an email to beta-test subscribers last week that they should expect speeds between 50 and 150 Mbps, with intermittent outages. Most speeds in a list compiled by the Starlink Reddit community fell in that range.
Another person who said they were in rural Montana said that their download speed was 174 Mbps and that their upload speed was 33 Mbps. “Starlink will forever change the game,” they said.
In an October 26 email, SpaceX, founded by Elon Musk, said users in the “Better Than Nothing Beta” — in which a network of nearly 900 satellites is beaming internet service down to Earth — could expect speeds of between 50 Mbps and 150 Mbps.
Tomi Engdahl says:
MIT’s Battery-Free Backscatter Localization Technology Could Fuel Undersea Exploration
This special kind of backscatter technology works acoustically and can be used to send data from an underwater object to an observation unit
https://www.hackster.io/news/mit-s-battery-free-backscatter-localization-technology-could-fuel-undersea-exploration-2112ac293a3b
Tomi Engdahl says:
NASA sees the moon as both destination (someday: colony?) and way station. First thing, right up there with finding water, is setting up wireless. 4G infrastructure hitching a ride to luna soon as 2022.
https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/wireless/4g-moon
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/11/spacex-starlink-beta-tester-takes-user-terminal-into-forest-gets-120mbps/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Water Optic Communication
Mike Kohn experiments with transmitting data through a water-filled tube.
https://www.hackster.io/news/water-optic-communication-592b74a628a7
Tomi Engdahl says:
Ethernet and a mesh network will permanently solve your WiFi issues
Deal with it. This is the way.
https://www.popsci.com/story/diy/ethernet-mesh-system-solution-wifi-problems/
Ethernet + mesh = wonderful Wi-Fi everywhere