5G? IoT? Fiber Deep? 600G? We Are ready for networking at 2019!
For years we have all been talking about the emergence of 5G services, the Internet of Things (IoT) and the new high-capacity, low-latency network architectures that will be needed to support the resulting onslaught of bandwidth. Higher-speed data rates are critical to electronic evolution and revolution.
Here are some of my collection of newest trends and predictions for year 2018. have picked and mixed here quotations from many articles (linked to source) with some of my own additions to make this posting.
5G: The most newsworthy stories in wireless today are all about 5G. In 2019, we enter a cautious, early-adoption phase of this next generation of wireless technology. 2019 will be the year when we see the first commercial networks turning on and first handsets arriving in the market. Only a small number of users will get a first taste of 5G in specific geographic locations, using specific applications, none of which are ubiquitous or cost-optimized. For more details read my 5G trends for 2019 posting.
Deep fiber: Deep deployment of fiber optics into national network infrastructure might not be as glamorous as the eagerly anticipated launch of fifth-generation mobile networks (5G); however, it is just as important—maybe even more important. Wired broadband access supports as much as 90 percent of all internet traffic even though the majority of traffic ultimately terminates on a wireless device. Wireline and wireless networks are driving new architectures to support the move from 4G LTE to 5G infrastructure. In fact, 5G relies heavily on fiber infrastructure. Service providers in the access market are talking about the evolution of their plants to a Fiber Deep (FD) Architecture. FD architectures move the optical node (the optical-to-electrical conversion point) deeper into the network and closer to the subscriber. This means shorter copper, faster speed, more capacity and reduction in maintenance cost for both cable TV network and telephone line based access networks.
Ethernet: Faster Ethernet speeds are taken to use. These transitions are driven by the increasing global IP traffic. Hyper-scalers and service providers are moving from 100GbE to 400GbE Ethernet rates and beyond. In this speed development 56Gb/s And 112Gb/s SerDes Matter.
TSN: Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a set of standards under development by the Time-Sensitive Networking task group of the IEEE 802.1 working group. TSN standards documents that are specified by IEEE 802.1 can be grouped into three basic key component categories that are time synchronization; scheduling and traffic shaping; selection of communication paths, path reservations and fault-tolerance. Industrial Ethernet networks embrace time-sensitive networking (TSN) technology to integrate operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT).
SDN: Software-defined networking (SDN) technology is an approach to cloud computing that facilitates network management and enables programmatically efficient network configuration in order to improve network performance and monitoring. SD-WAN applies similar technology to a wide area network (WAN). SD-WAN allows companies to build higher-performance WANs using lower-cost and commercially available Internet access, enabling businesses to partially or wholly replace more expensive private WAN connection technologies such as MPLS.
IPv6: IPv4 and IPv6 are the two Protocols Run the Internet in 2019. The long-forecasted day the internet runs out of addresses has arrived and it marks a paradigm shift in the internet’s evolution. Though IPv6 has been available globally since 2012, it has seen a slow, if increasing, adoption rate. The migration to IPv6 is inevitable but will take time during that both systems are in use. In many networks a notable amount of traffic is already IPv6.
New Internet protocols: Internet security gets a boost with TLS 1.3. Also HTTP is in process of switching to a protocol layered on top of UDP. Today’s HTTP (versions 1.0, 1.1, and 2) are all layered on top of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) that is not very optimal in today’s applications as SSL over TCP requires subsequent round trips to establish the encrypted connection.
IoT: The IoT world is here, and the level and rate of convergence is increasing in volume and velocity. We will see the evolution of converged networks for IoT applications in mind. Network convergence (version 2.0) is here with changes and improvements made since the first converged network (Convergence 1.0). TIA TR-42 (Telecommunications Cabling Systems ANSI/TIA-568 family), BICSI (TDMM and others) and proprietary or third documents must adapt and adjust.
PoE: The IEEE 802.3bt standard, approved by the IEEE Standards Association Board on September 27, 2018, included some significant enhancements especially for LED lighting systems. This specification allows for up to 90W of delivered power for cable lengths of up to 100m through the use of all four pairs of wires.
Trade wars: It seem that there is a high tech “trade war” between USA and China. It affects specifically networking business. Big Chinese manufacturers Huawei and ZTE are have received sanctions and their products are not wanted by many countries citing their business practices and potential security nightmares. For example Japan to halt buying Huawei, ZTE equipment and Huawei has been under fire in UK, just to mention examples. It seems that the business that is lost by Huawei and ZTE could benefit Ericsson and Nokia in the 5G base station markets for short term.
Security: The internet is going to hell and its creators want your help fixing it. All agree on one thing however: Right now there is a serious battle for heart and minds, the future of the internet and global society itself. There seems to be need for a conference to address the fact that people increasingly see tech as a threat and no longer as a pure force for good. Government set to revise internal rules on procurement to protect national cybersecurity. Your DNS might be broken, and you don’t even know it. Some DNS old hacks gets thrown out of use by February 1st, 2019.
WiFi: WiFi technology gets new marketing naming. The numerical sequence includes: Wi-Fi 6 to identify devices that support 802.11ax technology, Wi-Fi 5 to identify devices that support 802.11ac technology, Wi-Fi 4 to identify devices that support 802.11n technology.
Faster mobile: Mobile networks are getting faster in many countries. Mobile networks are killing Wi-Fi for speed around the world. Average data speeds on mobile networks now outpace customer’s Wi-Fi connection, on average, in 33 countries. That’s the The State of Wifi vs Mobile Network Experience as 5G Arrives.
Energy efficiency: We need to develop more energy efficient networking technologies. Today, information and communication technologies globally consume 8% of electricity and doubles every year.
1,186 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
If you’re working from home, and have children in your household who are doing online learning, dropping cable for streaming could be problematic.
Thinking Of Cord Cutting? Check Your Pandemic Data Usage First
https://trib.al/iuSnRuf
But things have changed. As I began work on the 2021 edition of my annual guide to cord cutting – part 1 debuts in the March 2 issue of my Release Notes newsletter – I discovered that our household data usage has jumped dramatically. Looking back over the past 6 months – which is as far back as Comcast’s usage meter shows – we’ve ranged from around 500 GB to as much as 670 GB.
I’m not alone. Internet providers both big and small report that traffic on their networks has jumped since the United States began responding to the COVID-19 threat with lockdowns and recommendations to work and learn from home if possible. In the first months of the pandemic, for example, Comcast reported a whopping 32 percent increase in upload traffic, and an 11 percent increase in downloads. And an AT&T spokesperson told me that the company’s entire network – internet, mobile, Voice Over IP traffic and more – has seen an overall 40 percent increase.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Arista completes 400G ZR interop testing in Microsoft’s 120-km DCI testbed
https://www.cablinginstall.com/standards/article/14198461/arista-networks-arista-completes-400g-zr-interop-testing-in-microsofts-120km-dci-testbed
The companies say the interoperability testing stands to accelerate 400G adoption for data center interconnect (DCI) applications.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Hyperscale data center construction flourished despite pandemic: Report
https://www.cablinginstall.com/data-center/article/14198452/hyperscale-data-center-construction-flourishes-despite-pandemic-report
Omdia reports that, despite the economic and logistical obstacles COVID-19 posed, cloud and colocation service providers opened 7.8 million square feet of data center capacity in the first half of 2020 alone.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/11826-seuraava-wifi-kiihdyttaa-jopa-46-gigabittiin-sekunnissa
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/11823-embedded-world-uusin-wifi-ja-bluetooth-samalle-sirulle
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.io/project/169985-pfsense-routerfirewall-install
Tomi Engdahl says:
Dean Takahashi / VentureBeat:
Comcast says peak US internet traffic rose 32% in 2020 over pre-pandemic traffic, while video streaming rose 70% compared to 2019 — Comcast said that peak internet traffic rose 32% in 2020 over pre-pandemic levels, with some markets rising 50% in some markets in March 2020.
Comcast: Pandemic drove peak internet traffic up 32% in 2020
https://venturebeat.com/2021/03/02/comcast-peak-internet-traffic-rose-32-in-pandemic-in-2020/
Comcast said peak internet traffic in the U.S. rose 32% in 2020 over pre-pandemic levels, with some markets rising 50% in March 2020.
Video streaming accounted for 71% of all downstream traffic, and it grew 70% over 2019 levels. Comcast said that the first four months of the pandemic resulted in about two years’ worth of expected network traffic growth.
As tens of millions of people transitioned to working and learning from home, the biggest surge occurred in March and April of last year.
Comcast Cable president Tony Werner said in a statement that years of strategic investment in the network have paid off. (The company invested $15 billion in network improvements from 2017 to 2020.)
Peak downstream traffic in 2020 increased 38% over 2019 levels, and peak upstream traffic increased 56% over 2019. Despite the growth in upstream traffic, traffic patterns remained highly asymmetrical, as downstream traffic volumes were 14 times higher than upstream traffic volumes throughout 2020.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Polymeerilanka siirtää dataa 10 kertaa USB:tä nopeammin
https://etn.fi/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11819&via=n&datum=2021-02-26_15:16:54&mottagare=31202
Massachusetts Institute of Technologyn tutkijat ovat kehittäneet tiedonsiirtojärjestelmän, joka voi lähettää dataa 10 kertaa nopeammin kuin USB. Uusi linkki yhdistää korkeataajuiset piirit toisiinsa hiuksenohuella polymeerilangalla.
MIT:n mukaan järjestelmä voi jonain päivänä parantaa energiatehokkuutta datakeskuksissa. Tutkimus esiteltiin IEEE-järjestön uuden piiritekniikan ISSCC-konferenssissa, joka tänä vuonna järjestettiin virtuaalisena.
Yksi vaihtoehto kuparille on optinen kuitukaapeli, mutta sillä on omat ongelmansa. Fotonien avulla data siirtyy nopeasti pienellä tehonkulutuksella, mutta perinteiset prosessorit eivät toimi hyvin yhteen fotonien kanssa. Käytännössä ei ole tehokasta tapaa generoida, vahvistaa ja havaita fotoneita piissä.
MIT:n tutkijaryhmä halusivat kehittää ratkaisun, jossa yhdistyisi sekä kuparin että kuidun hyödyt ilman niiden haittoja. Siirtotie kehitettiin muovista, polymeeristä, joka on kevyt ja potentiaaliesti edullisempi valmistaa kuin perinteinen kuparikaapeli.
Kun polymeerilankaan syötetään terahertsialueen sähkömagneettisia signaaleja, se on merkittävästi kuparia energiatehokkaampi media. Hyötysuhde kisaa valokuidun kanssa, mutta lisäksi polymeerilanka on yhteensopiva piipohjaisten piirien kanssa.
Piipohjaisilla siruilla on vaikea operoida terahertsitaajuuksilla. Tutkijaryhmä onnistui kehittämään piirejä, jotka voivat generoida riittävän vahvoja terahertsisignaaleja niin, että ne voidaan syöttää suoraan lankaan. Tämän ansiosta koko järjestelmä voidaan valmistaa standardeilla, edullisilla menetelmillä.
Uusi kaapeli on erittäin ohut, vain noin 0,4 millimetriä. Sen datansiirtokapasiteettia on 105 gigabittiä sekunnissa, eli yli 2,5 kertaa nopeimpien USB4-linkkien verran. Yleisimpiin 10 gigabitin USB-yhteyksiin verrattuna nopeus on 10-kertainen.
Tomi Engdahl says:
The fact that this is an actual article is simply astonishing, sad and necessary at the same damn time!
What is an Ethernet cable? Here’s how to connect to the internet without Wi-Fi and get a speedier connection
https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-an-ethernet-cable
Ethernet cables, which connect your devices directly to your internet router, can speed up your connection.
Ethernet connections are almost always faster than Wi-Fi connections, and are usually more stable.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Self-interference cancellation enables a radio to transmit and receive simultaneously on the same frequency, creating mesh networks that aren’t so spectrum-hungry.
How To Build a Radio That Ignores Its Own Transmissions
https://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/how-to-build-a-radio-that-ignores-its-own-transmissions
And yet, a breakthrough here could bring mesh networks into even the most demanding and spectrum-intensive networks, for example ones connecting assembly floor robots, self-driving cars, or drone swarms. And indeed, such a breakthrough technology is now emerging: self-interference cancellation (SIC). As the name implies, SIC makes it possible for a mesh-network node to cancel out the interference it creates by transmitting and receiving on the same frequency. The technology literally doubles a node’s spectral efficiency, by eliminating the need for separate transmit and receive frequencies.
There are now tens of billions of wireless devices in the world. At least 5 billion of them are mobile phones, according to the GSM Association. The Wi-Fi Alliance reports more than 13 billion Wi-Fi equipped devices in use, and the Bluetooth Special Interest Group predicts that more than 7.5 billion Bluetooth devices will be shipped between 2020 and 2024. Now is the time to bring wireless mesh networks to the mainstream, as wireless capability is built in to more products—bathroom scales, tennis shoes, pressure cookers, and too many others to count. Consumers will expect them to work everywhere, and SIC will make that possible, by enabling robust mesh networks without coverage holes. Best of all, perhaps, they’ll do so by using only a modest amount of spectrum.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Kumu’s SIC technique attempts to cancel out the transmit signal at three different times while the radio receives a signal. With this three-tier approach, Kumu’s technique reaches roughly 110 decibels of cancellation, compared with the 20 to 25 dB of cancellation achievable by a typical mesh Wi-Fi access point.
https://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/how-to-build-a-radio-that-ignores-its-own-transmissions
Tomi Engdahl says:
Optical Antennas Promise ‘Unlimited’ Data Capacity
https://www.eetimes.com/optical-antennas-promise-unlimited-data-capacity/
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have outlined details of an optical antenna they claim could provide almost limitless bandwidth.
They suggest the key to the breakthrough is a method of being able to take full advantage of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) properties of a coherent light source, thus enabling multiplexing, or simultaneous transmission.
According to Boubacar Kante, the principal investigator of the Berkeley project “it is the first time that lasers producing twisted light have been directly multiplexed.” He is an associate professor in the university’s Electronic Engineering and Computer Sciences Department, and the initial results of the work have just been published in Nature Physics.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Re-configurable Ka-band satellite communication without RF frequency conversion
https://www.edn.com/re-configurable-ka-band-satellite-communication-without-rf-frequency-conversion/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Plastic Polymer Cables That Rival Fiber Optics
https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/computing/networks/plastic-polymer-cables-that-rival-fiber-optics
How fast does data flow? The answer: not fast enough.
The search for more efficient data-transfer solutions to meet the ever-increasing demand for computation never ends. Even today, most data transmission happens via traditional copper cables, which are power-hungry, leading to a compromise between data exchange and energy consumed. Fiber-optic cables are an alternative, but they don’t work well with the silicon chips in our computing systems. Overcoming these limitations, while theoretically possible, can turn out to be prohibitively expensive, especially for electronics-rich applications like data centers, spacecraft, electric vehicles and so on.
A team of scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have recently demonstrated a plastic polymer cable that is a complementary solution; it takes the best of copper wires and fiber-optics while ditching their shortcomings. Thinner and lighter than copper, this cable is capable of data transfer speeds rivaling fiber-optic threads, while being compatible with silicon chips. The team, which presented its findings at the IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference in February, reported data-transfer speeds topping 100 gigabits per second.
Tomi Engdahl says:
New antenna development may soon mean that optical data transmission no longer requires precise line-of-sight alignment.
Duke University and Facebook’s Connectivity Lab Bring Better Optical Communications to Light
https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/wireless/duke-university-and-facebooks-connectivity-lab-develop-plasmonics-antenna-for-optical-communications
Researchers at Duke University, in collaboration with Facebook’s Connectivity Lab, have taken preliminary steps in developing an optical technique that combines the best of both worlds: They’ve created an omnidirectional antenna that can receive signals in the optical range.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Half of the people with 4G coverage stay offline due to pricey Internet
https://cybernews.com/news/half-of-the-people-with-4g-coverage-stay-offline-due-to-pricey-internet/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=rm&utm_content=offline&fbclid=IwAR0JJ2If0EsDU_nGQVwbqJ4dk3BfHvI9-AdUL_DKZfrndq5l_ZDRa2K0HJM
While 4G networks cover areas with about 85% of the world’s population, nearly half were still offline in 2020.
An analysis by The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) shows that high costs for internet access remain one of the main barriers to use information and communication technology (ICT) services worldwide. The prices of mobile and fixed broadband are going down but still remain too high for people, especially in emerging countries, to stay online.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Four ways TSN can boost manufacturing productivity
Time-sensitive networking (TSN) can help manufacturers boost productivity by simplifying machine design, improve transparency and more.
https://www.controleng.com/articles/four-ways-tsn-can-boost-manufacturing-productivity/?oly_enc_id=0462E3054934E2U
Functional safety networks for Ethernet communication protocols
PROFIsafe extends the Profinet communication protocol to address unique requirements for safety-related information necessary to conform to strict safety standards.
https://www.controleng.com/articles/functional-safety-networks-for-ethernet-communication-protocols/?oly_enc_id=0462E3054934E2U
Tomi Engdahl says:
Over 100 Years Ago this Telephone Tower in Stockholm Connected 5500 Telephone Lines
https://themindcircle.com/stockholm-telephone-tower/
Tomi Engdahl says:
If you build it, they will learn: Why some schools are investing in cell towers
https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/schools-look-skyward-internet-service-building-cell-towers-rcna384?cid=sm_npd_nn_fb_ma
Towers as tall as 150 feet are popping up to beam internet service from schools to surrounding neighborhoods during the pandemic, and maybe long term.
Tomi Engdahl says:
How copper infrastructure can lead to fiber dividends
Broadband Forum’s latest technical report TR-419 explores the integration of complementary copper technologies such as MoCA Access, G.fast, and G.hn-based Access.
https://www.cablinginstall.com/standards/article/14199155/how-copper-infrastructure-can-lead-to-fiber-dividends?utm_source=CIM+Weekly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS210312078&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
The Broadband Forum’s TR-419: Fiber Access Extension over Existing Copper Infrastructure report shows how fiber-based access can be provided to customers by utilizing existing copper infrastructure as opposed to the installation of fiber to end-users’ premises, which may not be economically or physically viable.
According to the report, FTTep (Fiber to the extension point) lets service providers deploy fiber-grade services by leveraging the last meters of copper to extend the fiber network without lowering quality when compared to complete FTTH (Fiber to the home) networks.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Converting media from multimode to singlemode
https://www.cablinginstall.com/cable/article/14196639/converting-media-from-multimode-to-singlemode?utm_source=CIM+Weekly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS210312078&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
By Kevin Lenglé, Cailabs — Media converters are mainly used to connect copper and fiber networks, but there is a growing need to link singlemode and multimode optical fiber networks.
Tomi Engdahl says:
AFL updates MPO splice-on field-installable connector
AFL has introduced its next-generation FUSEConnect MPO splice-on connector.
https://www.cablinginstall.com/connectivity/article/14198163/afl-afl-unveils-new-mpo-spliceon-fieldinstallable-connector
AFL today announced the launch of its next-generation FUSEConnect MPO splice-on field-installable connector. The manufacturer says the FUSEConnect MPO’s updated design migrates from a mechanical splice protection clamp to a heat protection sleeve, using an on-board splicer heater and eliminating the need for a separate mechanical clamp tool.
Designed to utilize standard ribbon, AFL’s SpiderWeb Ribbon, or loose tube cable, the company says the new connector helps minimize the complexity involved in the termination of multi-fiber connectors.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2021/03/17/reaaliaikaisiin-tns-verkkoihin-ethernet-kytkinpiiri/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://gizmodo.com/the-fcc-wants-to-hear-how-bad-your-internet-sucks-1846531996?utm_medium=sharefromsite&utm_source=gizmodo_facebook
Tomi Engdahl says:
Alphabet’s Project Taara Provides Internet Access Using Beams of Light
Sub-Saharan Africa can have high-speed internet access without needing to lay any cables.
https://uk.pcmag.com/communications/129863/alphabets-project-taara-provides-internet-access-using-beams-of-light
There are many areas of the world where high-speed internet access isn’t viable yet, at least through the well-established method of laying cables. Google’s parent company Alphabet aims to solve that problem with Project Taara, which replaces fiber with beams of light.
Project Taara isn’t a new project, just a renamed one. It used to be called The FSOC Project, and it’s aimed at developing a new way to provide affordable high-speed internet connectivity to areas of the world where laying cable isn’t economically feasible or practical. Project Taara works by using a very narrow, invisible beam of light to transmit data at high speeds. The beam can travel up to 20km (12 miles) between two terminals and has a bandwidth of 20Gbps or higher.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Radia Perlman: How This Woman Transformed the Internet
“Constantly question why things are the way they are.”
https://medium.com/swlh/radia-perlman-how-this-woman-transformed-the-internet-e55aa4f52b5
As this year marks 35 years since Radia Perlman invented the algorithm for implementing a spanning tree protocol (STP), I thought it a great time to share her story which originally appeared in my book, Female Innovators at Work.
Radia’s invention (one of many patents she holds) transformed the Ethernet from technology which was limited to a few hundred nodes confined to a single building into a technology that could handle massive networks and thus laying the groundwork for the internet as we know it today.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Wet Country Wireless; How The British Weather Killed A Billion Pound Tech Company
https://hackaday.com/2021/03/29/wet-country-wireless-how-the-british-weather-killed-a-billion-pound-tech-company/
Ionica was a product of Cambridge University’s enterprise incubator, formed at the start of the 1990s with the aim of being the first to provide an effective alternative to the monopolistic British Telecom in the local loop. Which is to say that in the UK at the time the only way to get a home telephone line was to go through BT because they owned all the telephone wires, and it was Ionica’s plan to change all that by supplying home telephone services via microwave links.
Their offering would be cheaper than BT’s at the socket because no cable infrastructure would be required, and they would aim to beat the monopoly on call costs too. For a few years in the mid 1990s they were the darling of the UK tech investment world, with a cutting edge prestige office building just outside Cambridge, and TV adverts to garner interest in their product. The service launched in a few British towns and cities, and then almost overnight they found themselves in financial trouble and were gone. After their demise at the end of 1998 the service was continued for a short while, but by the end of the decade it was all over. Just what exactly happened?
The technology behind Ionica’s service could probably be replicated for a few dollars worth of WiFi modules in 2021, but at the time it lay at the bleeding edge of what was possible near the consumer end of the market. A tower was erected with a base station for each community to be served, and if the customer’s premises were on a line-of-sight from it they could have that biscuit-tin antenna installed.
The fixed line-of-sight link operated at 3.5 GHz, and used custom hardware made for Ionica by Nortel Networks.
… But Not Quite The Delivery
To be on a housing estate like the one I saw the antenna on in the winter of 1996 or so would have been to see Ionica technicians doing site surveys and making installations. There was genuine demand for the service at the time
Shortly after the hype surrounding the service’s availability there surfaced stories of it dropping out during wet weather. We were assured that they were working on a solution, but worse was yet to come.
As spring turned into summer in about 1997, some customers struggled to receive any service at all, at fault was the verdant British tree foliage. It seems that site surveys performed in winter failed to take account of summer leaves obstructing the line-of-sight to the base station, and this seasonal service only added to the company’s woes.
With hindsight, Ionica’s product was one in some ways before its time, yet in others, one whose time had nearly passed. The expensive hardware and limited base station range would now be solved using much cheaper SDR chipsets and many more base stations, so in this decade the roll-out could have been performed much more easily and reliably. But the product itself now seems ludicrously dated, because who now needs a pair of analogue phone lines? ADSL connections arrived in the UK around 2000, so very shortly after the company’s demise they would have been stuck with a product that couldn’t deliver customer expectations. Could they have used the same hardware to deliver an always-on connection? Perhaps, but it never appeared in their published plans, and it’s unlikely that it would have had enough bandwidth to compete with ADSL.
It’s now over two decades since Ionica’s demise, and while cable TV fibre and local loop unbundling to put ISP racks in telephone exchanges have changed the telecom landscape significantly, there remains for most people a last mile connection owned by BT. Wired analogue phones are now a legacy item that increasing numbers of people only have because it comes with their broadband line, and even mobile calling is inexorably being usurped by online services.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Saudi-Arabiaan tulee maailman nopein wifi
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/11958-saudi-arabiaan-tulee-maailman-nopein-wifi
Wifi-tekniikkaa kehittävä WBA-järjestö eli Wireless Broadband Alliance hehkuttaa kehuu saudien tietoliikennekomission (CITC) päätöstä avata peräti koko 6 gigahertsin alue (5,925–7,125 GHz) lisenssivapaaseen käyttöön.
Käytännössä tämä tarkoittaa, että Saudi-Arabiassa operaattorit saavat käyttöönsä 1200 megahertsiä tuleville WiFi 6E -yhteyksille. Kaikkiaan kuningaskunnassa tulee olemaan wifille käytössä taajuuksia yli 2 gigahertsin verran.
CITC (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Communications and Information Technology Commission) päätyi avaamaan koko 6 gigahertsin alueen WiFi 6E -käyttöön testattuaan tekniikkaan Broadcomin ja Intelin toimittamilla laitteilla. Kokeet osoittivat, että 6E-verkoissa päästiin 2 gigabitin datanopeuksiin kannettavilla tietokoneilla.
WBA:n mukaan Saudi-Arabia asettuu myös eturiviin matkalla kohti tulevia Wi-Fi 7 -verkkoja. Tämä on laajennus, jossa yhden kanavan käytössä oelva taajuuskaista levenee 320 megahertsiin. Käyttäjälle tämä tarkoittaa yhteyksiä, joilla voidaan ladata päätelaitteeseen jopa 5 gigatavua dataa sekunnissa.
Myös EU:ssa suunnitellaan 6 gigahertsin alueen avaamista vapaaseen käyttöön
Tomi Engdahl says:
AT&T neither wishes to be forced to improve its service nor to lose customers for failing to do so.
AT&T Believes 10Mbps Upload Ought to Be Enough for Everybody
https://www.extremetech.com/mobile/321341-att-believes-10mbps-upload-ought-to-be-enough-for-everybody
As planning for the post-pandemic recovery gets underway, eyes are focused on the FCC and America’s future broadband policies. There are tens of millions of Americans across the United States with either no access or very limited access to affordable broadband internet. This was a known problem even before the pandemic, but COVID-19 lockdowns exacerbated these issues dramatically. Home broadband use has skyrocketed over the past 12 months. There are proposals before Congress to build an $80 billion nationwide fiber network to serve rural areas that currently lack affordable wireline service. The network would offer 100/100Mbps service with symmetric upload/download bandwidth.
AT&T thinks that’s a terrible idea. The company’s blog post is only grudgingly willing to grant the idea that broadband upload speeds might need to improve in the first place.
The pandemic has broadened the consensus opinion that it’s time to revisit the FCC’s current broadband definition of 25/3 Mbps. To be clear, service at that speed is sufficient to support zoom working and remote learning. According to Zoom’s website, a group call using high quality video requires speeds of 1 Mbps up / 600 kbps down.
According to Zoom’s website, 1080p video requires a 3Mbps upload. The “high quality” referred to in AT&T’s blog post is a 480p video stream. It isn’t unreasonable to imagine a family of 3-4 people needing 7-12 Mbps in upload bandwidth to support simultaneous Zoom sessions.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Makena Kelly / The Verge:
Biden announces $2T American Jobs Plan focused on improving US infrastructure, with $100B allocated for high-speed broadband access over eight years — It sets aside $100 billion for the effort — President Biden plans to announce a sweeping infrastructure plan Wednesday that includes $100 billion …
Biden plans to connect every American to broadband in new infrastructure package
19 comments
It sets aside $100 billion for the effort
https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/31/22359496/biden-american-jobs-package-broadband-semiconductors-electric-vehicles?scrolla=5eb6d68b7fedc32c19ef33b4
Tomi Engdahl says:
Why Is Everyone So Starstruck by Starlink?
https://uk.pcmag.com/opinions/131387/why-is-everyone-so-starstruck-by-starlink
Is it the powerful scent of Elon Musk? Or just because Americans are so hopelessly desperate for better home internet?
Americans are desperate for better connectivity. They’ve given up on regulators, incumbent ISPs and their own communities to provide them. They’re holding out for a hero (’till the end of the night). They want Musk to be their streetwise Hercules, but he’s Loki. But not hot. Kind of moist. Damp Loki.
Putting up satellites is the most expensive, lowest-capacity way to spread Internet access, except in very rural regions. Whether your satellite is a Virgo or a LEO doesn’t change this. The fact that anyone in a suburb thinks it’s a more practical solution than just running fiber a few hundred yards speaks only to the complete failure of the US ISP market to encourage buildouts.
Of 114 million fixed-Internet subscriptions in the US, around 2 million use satellite Internet. It’s the Internet of last resort. And while Starlink will release a few million rural users from the tyranny of Hughesnet and Viasat, it’s not going to help us with our cable monopolies.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Network out through window without making wall holes
Goobay RJ45 – RJ45 -läpivientikaapeli, 30 cm
https://www.verkkokauppa.com/fi/product/39910/nmmgb/Goobay-RJ45-RJ45-lapivientikaapeli-30-cm?list=OZCYkRitKxsitKb2isYo9CwbLyMXWbwVMaZ5VMStjVTaw3P
Goobay RJ45 – RJ45 -läpivientikaapeli, 50 cm
https://www.verkkokauppa.com/fi/product/67132/nmmft/Goobay-RJ45-RJ45-lapivientikaapeli-50-cm?list=OZCYkRVYgaNNdoJNVaWBEirtYsitK7ECDX6FhModbKRPfks
Tomi Engdahl says:
Deltaco CAT6 U/UTP -ohut verkkokaapeli, 10m, valkoinen
https://www.verkkokauppa.com/fi/product/6942/dcdnb/Deltaco-CAT6-U-UTP-ohut-verkkokaapeli-10m-valkoinen
Deltaco Flat U/UTP Cat6 RJ45 – RJ45 5m
https://hintaopas.fi/product.php?p=830181
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.edn.com/bell-labs-announces-the-phototransistor-march-30-1950/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Makena Kelly / The Verge:
The FCC releases a speed test app on Android and iOS to help measure internet speeds in the US, and will use the data to inform its broadband deployment efforts
The FCC wants you to test your internet speeds with its new app
The FCC Speed Test App could help the agency correct its data
https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/12/22379848/fcc-speed-test-app-google-apple-download-broadband-maps-coverage?scrolla=5eb6d68b7fedc32c19ef33b4
The Federal Communications Commission has released a new speed test app to help measure internet speeds across the country, available on both Android and iOS.
The FCC Speed Test App works similarly to existing speed-testing apps like Ookla’s and Fast by Netflix, automatically collecting and displaying data once users press the “start testing” button. According to the FCC, the data collected through the app will inform the agency’s efforts to collect more accurate broadband speed information and aid its broadband deployment efforts.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Movable Satellite Internet: SpaceX to Lift Geo-Restriction on Starlink Dishes Later This Year
Lifting the restriction will let Starlink users operate the satellite internet dish from any location, including a moving RV, according to company CEO Elon Musk.
https://uk.pcmag.com/networking/132865/movable-satellite-internet-spacex-to-lift-geo-restriction-on-starlink-dishes-later-this-year
CEO Elon Musk confirmed the news on Twitter yesterday.“Yeah, [Starlink] should be fully mobile later this year, so you can move it anywhere or use it on an RV or truck in motion,” he said.
Currently, SpaceX geo-restricts every Starlink dish to the subscriber’s registered residence. Hence, customers generally can’t use the dish at another location unless it’s nearby. But the tweet from Musk indicates the company will lift the restriction, enabling customers to move it from one place to the next. In the meantime, the company still needs more time to build up the Starlink satellite network, which currently numbers at more than 1,300 satellites.
“We need a few more satellite launches to achieve complete coverage and some key software upgrades,” Musk added in his tweet.
Tomi Engdahl says:
They’re where Starlink connects to the Internet. tl;dr More and geographically diverse gateways, less latency.
https://www.facebook.com/groups/2600net/permalink/3012794998943605/
Starlink gateways map…
https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=1H1x8jZs8vfjy60TvKgpbYs_grargieVw&ll=58.741351768956484%2C-124.56503581249999&z=4 2021-04-25T23:56:39
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2021/04/24/was-novells-ne2000-really-that-bad/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Uuden sukupolven valokuitutekniikkaa – jopa 10 gigaa
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2021/04/28/uuden-sukupolven-valokuitutekniikkaa-jopa-10-gigaa/
Raumalla on otettu käyttöön huhtikuun alussa Suomen ensimmäiset valokuituliittymät, jotka on toteutettu uuden sukupolven XGS-PON-teknologialla. XGS-PON-verkot tarjoavat tietoliikenneyhtiö Cinian mukaan entistä joustavan toteutuksen lisäksi korkeammat yhteysnopeudet.
Ensimmäisenä uuden kuitutekniikan käyttöönottanut Rauman Energia tarjoaa XGS-PON-verkossa asiakkailleen yhden gigan nopeuden valokuituliittymiin, mutta tekniikka mahdollistaa vauhdin kiihdyttämisen jopa 10 gigaan.
”XGS-PON-toteutuksissa nopeus riittää kattamaan nekin tulevaisuuden käyttötarpeet, jotka eivät vielä ole realisoituneet’’, sanoo Cinian järjestelmäkehityksen päällikkö Jukka-Pekka Laulajainen.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12070-raumalla-kuitu-yltaa-10-10-nopeuksiin
Raumalla on otettu huhtikuun alussa käyttöön Suomen ensimmäiset valokuituliittymät, jotka on toteutettu uuden sukupolven XGS-PON-teknologialla. XGS-PON-verkot mahdollistavat joustavamman ja kustannustehokkaamman rakentamisen sekä entistä korkeammat yhteysnopeudet kuluttajalle.
Rauman Energian Sukkela-valokuidun toimittaja on kotimainen Cinia Oy. Yhtiö tarjoaa jo nyt raumalaisille yhden gigan nopeuden valokuituliittymiin, mutta nyt käyttöön otettu teknologia mahdollistaa vauhdin kiihdyttämisen jopa 10 gigaan tarpeiden kasvaessa.
Tomi Engdahl says:
It is always best to punch down solid.
It is never a good idea to crimp solid to normal RJ45 to solid wire as it will not be reliable. But it id possible, but maybe not recommended, to crimp suitable RJ45 to solid core CAT 6 cable.
You can use ‘solid’ 8P8C plugs on solid and stranded wire. You must only use ‘Stranded’ 8P8C plugs on stranded wire. The ‘stranded’ version has one little ‘tang’ that goes straight into the stranded wire.
https://www.amazon.com/StarTech-com-RJ45-Modular-Plug-Solid/dp/B003GSAM4C
Tomi Engdahl says:
OnePlus 9:n wifi-piiri on markkinoiden edistynein
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12080-oneplus-9-n-wifi-piiri-on-markkinoiden-edistynein
OnePlussan uusi 9-sarja pitää sisällään joukon uusia innovaatioita. Yksi niistä on tuki uudella WiFi 6 -tekniikalle ja jopa kuuden gigahertsin taajuuksille. Wifi-piirin puhelimiin on toimittanut NXP Semiconductors.
NXP kertoo, että kyseessä on markkinoiden ensimmäinen QFN-koteloitu piiri, joka tukee WiFi 6 -yhteyksiä sekä uusia 6E-taajuuksia. Tämän ansiosta premium-luokan wifi-yhteydet on saatu toteutettua selvästi aiempaa pienemmässä tilassa.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2017/12/14/adsl-robustness-verified-by-running-over-wet-string/
https://www.revk.uk/2017/12/its-official-adsl-works-over-wet-string.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
Starlink satellite internet service gets 500,000 preorders, Musk says
https://www.reuters.com/technology/starlink-satellite-internet-service-gets-500000-preorders-musk-says-2021-05-05/
SpaceX has received more than 500,000 preorders for its Starlink satellite internet service and anticipates no technical problems meeting the demand, founder Elon Musk said on Tuesday.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_over_coax
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://superuser.com/questions/17782/modern-ethernet-over-coax
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.veracityglobal.com/resources/articles-and-white-papers/ethernet-over-coax-explained.aspx
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Starlink team announced that if people try to openly pirate movies on SpaceX’s satellite internet service Starlink, then one has to be prepared to receive a knock at the door.
Don’t Try to Pirate Movies On Elon Musk’s Starlink
https://www.gulte.com/trends/85497/dont-try-to-pirate-movies-on-elon-musks-starlink
The Starlink team announced that if people try to openly pirate movies on SpaceX’s satellite internet service Starlink, then one has to be prepared to receive a warning from the company demanding that you stop. Starlink is an initiative by SpaceX with the objective of providing Internet From Space. Recently they have launched the first 60 production satellites of nearly 12,000 planned spacecraft into a low orbit above Earth.
Last weekend, a curious Starlink subscriber tested if SpaceX enforces its policy against downloading copyrighted content. The subscriber, “substrate-97,” indeed received the piracy warning notice and he posted the same from SpaceX on Reddit. “We must insist that you and/or others using your Starlink service refrains from illegal downloads of copyrighted content,” the notice says. “Downloading copyrighted materials without a license may lead to suspension or termination of your service, and put you at risk of legal action by the content owner,” the statement read.
Moreover, Starlink may also try to stop piracy if the ISP detects a download for a bootleg movie. The company will immediately send an automated warning to the offending subscriber. If the ISP recognises a download for a copyrighted movie, the provider can automatically issue a warning notification to the subscriber committing the offence.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Big Telecom Used Fake and Dead People to Fight Net Neutrality, NY AG Says
An investigation by New York’s attorney general has confirmed that Big Telecom paid to flood the net neutrality debate with millions of fake comments.
https://www.vice.com/en/article/3aqq7b/big-telecom-used-fake-and-dead-people-to-fight-net-neutrality-ny-ag-says
Tomi Engdahl says:
EZ RJ45
https://www.c4forums.com/topic/19045-ez-rj45/
On a recent project we have had a few unique issues and they all circled back to the common factor of being POE devices in the system. POE Access points, POE Door station, POE T3 Inwalls. After weeks of scratching heads and empty solutions, I am being told be C4 that the source of the problem is the EZ connectors we recently switched to for our Cat6 terminations. C4 advises that the POE could cause a frequency in the connector housing and that some instances show that the EZ connector can fry an item such as their most recent incident, a new Matrix Balun. C4 has advised me that they no longer warranty devices connected to EZ connectors as well and I sure wish they would send this out as an important news feed if that be the case, how many of you are using the Leviton EZ connector? Has anybody else had issues like this or problems with the EZ connectors, POE devices, interference in the intercom stream? ideas are welcomed.
we used EZ ends for every install. For anything with HDMI baluns, we use shielded butt up ends. No consistent issues seen.
EZ connections just add another failure point and should be avoided. MANY manufacturers recommend against it – most of those will state that it voids warranty.
A bit of practice with ‘normal’ connectors and they are no less ‘easy’ than EZ.
https://community.spiceworks.com/topic/821874-ez-rj45-connectors
I’d like to thank the person who invented EZ-RJ45 connectors. I know they make my life 1000 times easier when terminating cables!
But yes, EZs are fantastic for those of us who terminate enough cable to want to save some time, but not so much that we’re super awesome at the non-EZ ends. Like me!
Now if only cable manufacturers would standardize on the thickness of the individual lead jacket, we would be OK. Some cables are too thick and you have to push them through.
As for the cutter… get extra blades for sure.
ive done enough cabling in my past, most of the time its keystone jacks. I always found it was cheaper (when counting labor) to purchase pre-made patch cords.
I could never get the crimper to cut off the ends nicely.