5G? IoT? Fiber Deep? 600G? We Are ready for networking at 2019!
For years we have all been talking about the emergence of 5G services, the Internet of Things (IoT) and the new high-capacity, low-latency network architectures that will be needed to support the resulting onslaught of bandwidth. Higher-speed data rates are critical to electronic evolution and revolution.
Here are some of my collection of newest trends and predictions for year 2018. have picked and mixed here quotations from many articles (linked to source) with some of my own additions to make this posting.
5G: The most newsworthy stories in wireless today are all about 5G. In 2019, we enter a cautious, early-adoption phase of this next generation of wireless technology. 2019 will be the year when we see the first commercial networks turning on and first handsets arriving in the market. Only a small number of users will get a first taste of 5G in specific geographic locations, using specific applications, none of which are ubiquitous or cost-optimized. For more details read my 5G trends for 2019 posting.
Deep fiber: Deep deployment of fiber optics into national network infrastructure might not be as glamorous as the eagerly anticipated launch of fifth-generation mobile networks (5G); however, it is just as important—maybe even more important. Wired broadband access supports as much as 90 percent of all internet traffic even though the majority of traffic ultimately terminates on a wireless device. Wireline and wireless networks are driving new architectures to support the move from 4G LTE to 5G infrastructure. In fact, 5G relies heavily on fiber infrastructure. Service providers in the access market are talking about the evolution of their plants to a Fiber Deep (FD) Architecture. FD architectures move the optical node (the optical-to-electrical conversion point) deeper into the network and closer to the subscriber. This means shorter copper, faster speed, more capacity and reduction in maintenance cost for both cable TV network and telephone line based access networks.
Ethernet: Faster Ethernet speeds are taken to use. These transitions are driven by the increasing global IP traffic. Hyper-scalers and service providers are moving from 100GbE to 400GbE Ethernet rates and beyond. In this speed development 56Gb/s And 112Gb/s SerDes Matter.
TSN: Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a set of standards under development by the Time-Sensitive Networking task group of the IEEE 802.1 working group. TSN standards documents that are specified by IEEE 802.1 can be grouped into three basic key component categories that are time synchronization; scheduling and traffic shaping; selection of communication paths, path reservations and fault-tolerance. Industrial Ethernet networks embrace time-sensitive networking (TSN) technology to integrate operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT).
SDN: Software-defined networking (SDN) technology is an approach to cloud computing that facilitates network management and enables programmatically efficient network configuration in order to improve network performance and monitoring. SD-WAN applies similar technology to a wide area network (WAN). SD-WAN allows companies to build higher-performance WANs using lower-cost and commercially available Internet access, enabling businesses to partially or wholly replace more expensive private WAN connection technologies such as MPLS.
IPv6: IPv4 and IPv6 are the two Protocols Run the Internet in 2019. The long-forecasted day the internet runs out of addresses has arrived and it marks a paradigm shift in the internet’s evolution. Though IPv6 has been available globally since 2012, it has seen a slow, if increasing, adoption rate. The migration to IPv6 is inevitable but will take time during that both systems are in use. In many networks a notable amount of traffic is already IPv6.
New Internet protocols: Internet security gets a boost with TLS 1.3. Also HTTP is in process of switching to a protocol layered on top of UDP. Today’s HTTP (versions 1.0, 1.1, and 2) are all layered on top of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) that is not very optimal in today’s applications as SSL over TCP requires subsequent round trips to establish the encrypted connection.
IoT: The IoT world is here, and the level and rate of convergence is increasing in volume and velocity. We will see the evolution of converged networks for IoT applications in mind. Network convergence (version 2.0) is here with changes and improvements made since the first converged network (Convergence 1.0). TIA TR-42 (Telecommunications Cabling Systems ANSI/TIA-568 family), BICSI (TDMM and others) and proprietary or third documents must adapt and adjust.
PoE: The IEEE 802.3bt standard, approved by the IEEE Standards Association Board on September 27, 2018, included some significant enhancements especially for LED lighting systems. This specification allows for up to 90W of delivered power for cable lengths of up to 100m through the use of all four pairs of wires.
Trade wars: It seem that there is a high tech “trade war” between USA and China. It affects specifically networking business. Big Chinese manufacturers Huawei and ZTE are have received sanctions and their products are not wanted by many countries citing their business practices and potential security nightmares. For example Japan to halt buying Huawei, ZTE equipment and Huawei has been under fire in UK, just to mention examples. It seems that the business that is lost by Huawei and ZTE could benefit Ericsson and Nokia in the 5G base station markets for short term.
Security: The internet is going to hell and its creators want your help fixing it. All agree on one thing however: Right now there is a serious battle for heart and minds, the future of the internet and global society itself. There seems to be need for a conference to address the fact that people increasingly see tech as a threat and no longer as a pure force for good. Government set to revise internal rules on procurement to protect national cybersecurity. Your DNS might be broken, and you don’t even know it. Some DNS old hacks gets thrown out of use by February 1st, 2019.
WiFi: WiFi technology gets new marketing naming. The numerical sequence includes: Wi-Fi 6 to identify devices that support 802.11ax technology, Wi-Fi 5 to identify devices that support 802.11ac technology, Wi-Fi 4 to identify devices that support 802.11n technology.
Faster mobile: Mobile networks are getting faster in many countries. Mobile networks are killing Wi-Fi for speed around the world. Average data speeds on mobile networks now outpace customer’s Wi-Fi connection, on average, in 33 countries. That’s the The State of Wifi vs Mobile Network Experience as 5G Arrives.
Energy efficiency: We need to develop more energy efficient networking technologies. Today, information and communication technologies globally consume 8% of electricity and doubles every year.
1,186 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
KKR to Acquire Barracuda Networks From Thoma Bravo
https://www.securityweek.com/kkr-acquire-barracuda-networks-thoma-bravo
Investment giant KKR has agreed to acquire Barracuda Networks from private equity firm Thoma Bravo, the firms announced Tuesday.
Financial terms were not disclosed, but Reuters reported the value to be nearly $4 billion, citing sources familiar with the deal.
Thoma Bravo took Barracuda private in a $1.6 billion deal that was completed in February 2018.
Barracuda NetworksFounded in 2003, Barracuda is best known for its email, web and network security solutions, and counts than 200,000 customers around the world.
Tomi Engdahl says:
What’s That Infrastructure? (Ep. 5 – Wireless Telecommunications)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=as_ZpcwtQnk
The airwaves are awash with invisible communications keeping us connected and facilitating our information society. All that telecommunication requires a lot of infrastructure! Today’s episode of WTI shows some wireless telecommunications.
Viewer comments:
That rig at 2:55 is called a “cell on wheels” or CoW for short.
They tend to be used where additional coverage is temporarily needed. Often for special events and during emergencies. One can be up and running in less than a shift.
Tomi Engdahl says:
First Integrated Laser on Lithium Niobate Chip Paves Way for High-Powered Telecommunication Systems
https://scitechdaily.com/first-integrated-laser-on-lithium-niobate-chip-paves-way-for-high-powered-telecommunication-systems/
For all the recent advances in integrated lithium niobate photonic circuits — from frequency combs to frequency converters and modulators — one big component has remained frustratingly difficult to integrate: lasers.
Long haul telecommunication networks, data center optical interconnects, and microwave photonic systems all rely on lasers to generate an optical carrier used in data transmission. In most cases, lasers are stand-alone devices, external to the modulators, making the whole system more expensive and less stable and scalable.
Now, researchers from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) in collaboration with industry partners at Freedom Photonics and HyperLight Corporation, have developed the first fully integrated high-power laser on a lithium niobate chip, paving the way for high-powered telecommunication systems, fully integrated spectrometers, optical remote sensing, and efficient frequency conversion for quantum networks, among other applications.
“Integrated lithium niobate photonics is a promising platform for the development of high-performance chip-scale optical systems, but getting a laser onto a lithium niobate chip has proved to be one of the biggest design challenges,”
Loncar and his team used small but powerful distributed feedback lasers for their integrated chip. On chip, the lasers sit in small wells or trenches etched into the lithium niobate and deliver up to 60 milliwatts of optical power in the waveguides fabricated in the same platform. The researchers combined the laser with a 50 gigahertz electro-optic modulator in lithium niobate to build a high-power transmitter.
“It’s a building block that can be integrated into larger optical systems for a range of applications, in sensing, lidar, and data telecommunications.”
Tomi Engdahl says:
The modern evolution of #WiFi shows why WiFi-7 is needed to bolster speed, reduce latency and manage determinism in highly immersive apps.
Read the full article: http://arw.li/6184K2Zly
#EDN #IndustryNews #Engineering
What has changed in the design journey from Wi-Fi 5 to Wi-Fi 7
https://www.edn.com/what-has-changed-in-the-design-journey-from-wi-fi-5-to-wi-fi-7/?utm_source=edn_facebook&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=Articles
Wi-Fi 7 is here, and it’s promising to facilitate speed, latency and determinism for Metaverse, a more immersive world in which users can interact in real-time with renditions of other people, places and things. With ultra-fast broadband wireless connectivity, users can enjoy immersive gaming experiences and employees can get job training in the comfort of their living rooms.
In the post-pandemic world, the demand for higher-performance Wi-Fi continues to grow at unprecedented rates due to an increase in remote work and growing demand for immersive gaming and streaming. Here, Wi-Fi 7 comes to the rescue by doubling the throughput of Wi-Fi 6E and keeping the Wi-Fi a step ahead of broadband rivals like DOCSIS 4.0 and multi-gigabit passive optical network (PON) technologies.
Modern evolution of Wi-Fi
In retrospect, Wi-Fi 5 came on-board in the early 2010s to facilitate the insatiable demand resulting from the audio/video streaming revolution both in living rooms and on smartphones. It lasted till the end of the decade when bi-directional video applications like WhatsApp and Webex and social media uploads such as Tiktok began to change the consumer and enterprise landscape.
Enter Wi-Fi 6 to streamline wireless transmission and better manage the user traffic. Next, Wi-Fi 6E extended the benefits of Wi-Fi 6 with the availability of the 6 GHz band. The momentum for Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E was evident when the Covid-19 pandemic hit the world in 2020.
Broadcom, the company has shipped more than 1 billion chips for Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E over the past three years.
Still, the demand for more bandwidth continues to increase. According to a recent study, consumer spending on gaming has increased by 40%. And it’s not just speed; augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) headsets as new gaming devices mandate unprecedented levels of immersiveness. That, in turn, calls for reliable, deterministic wireless data.
Wi-Fi 7 doubles Wi-Fi channel bandwidth by incorporating 320-MHz channels into the 6 GHz band and employing the 4096-QAM modulation technique. Additionally, it introduces new technologies to lower latency and bolster determinism. The following section takes a closer look at these new features like multi-link operation (MLO) and automatic frequency coordination (AFC).
With this keen focus on speed, latency and determinism, WiFi-7 is here and ready to roar. Chris DePuy, a technology analyst at 650 Group, forecasts that Wi-Fi 7 revenue will exceed that of any other Wi-Fi technology in five years.
Another testimonial comes from a firm that is currently building WiFi-7 CPE devices. “WiFi-7 will take the ubiquitous Wi-Fi experience to a higher level of performance for applications that require ultra-high bandwidth and low latency,”
Broadcom is currently sampling its WiFi-7 chipsets for early access partners and customers in retail, enterprise and smartphone, service provider, and carrier segments.
Tomi Engdahl says:
EU Boosts 6GHz Spectrum for Wi-Fi Use
https://www.eetimes.eu/eu-boosts-6ghz-spectrum-for-wi-fi-use/?_ga=2.16450614.1089766258.1649851686-476196030.1630337434
July 1, 2021
The European Commission has – finally – approved regulations that will allow the deployment of the lower 6GHz band for Wi-Fi use.
The decision on an additional 480MHz of 6GHz band, announced June 30th, should almost double the spectrum available for use of Wi-Fi6 and 6e, adding to the 538.6 MHz available in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands.
While welcome, the ruling still leaves most European countries lagging well behind most territories around the world as regards use of the 6GHz unlicensed spectrum. For example, operators in the US, Canada, Brazil, South Korea, and most South American countries have already had access to the full 1.2GHz bands in the 6GHz band for the latest generation of Wi-Fi, and many other countries are expected to follow suit.
That implies those territories can deploy all three classes – Low Power Indoors (LPI), Very Low Power (VLP) and standard power – for Wi-Fi use in the 6GHz range, greatly boosting the quality and usefulness for Wi-Fi 6 and soon Wi-Fi 6e.
(Meanwhile, China has broken ranks and allocated the entire 6GHz spectrum for 5G
So, unfortunately, the huge advances the Wi-Fi industry has been making with Wi-Fi 6 and soon 6e, as well as recent moves towards next generation Wi-Fi 7, will not be felt by European users as quickly as those in other territories.”
As Hetting has previously argued, the possibility of allocating the upper end of the 6GHz band for licensed wide-area use, basically 5G cellular, is “a ten-year road to nowhere.”
AFC, being promoted in the US by the Federal Communications Conference (FCC), is a database look-up system aimed at reducing potential harmful interference to incumbent licensed users in the 6GHz bands. It will allow Wi-Fi access points to operate at standard power across 850MHz of spectrum.
Tomi Engdahl says:
WITH AQUILA, GOOGLE ABANDONS ETHERNET TO OUTDO INFINIBAND
https://www.nextplatform.com/2022/04/12/with-aquila-google-abandons-ethernet-to-outdo-infiniband/
Frustrated by the limitations of Ethernet, Google has taken the best ideas from InfiniBand and Cray’s “Aries” interconnect and created a new distributed switching architecture called Aquila and a new GNet protocol stack that delivers the kind of consistent and low latency that the search engine giant has been seeking for decades.
This is one of those big moments when Google does something that makes everyone in the IT industry stop and think.
Two asides: Look at where the problems are. Google is moving out from data processing and the systems software that underpins it and through scheduling and into the network, both in the datacenter and at the edge, as it unveils its handiwork and technical prowess to the world.
The other interesting thing about Google now is that it is not revealing what it did years ago, as in all of those earlier papers, but what it is doing now to prepare for the future.
Tomi Engdahl says:
http://www.americantv.com/what-frequency-does-starlink-use.php
Tomi Engdahl says:
OpenMPTCProuter
OpenMPTCProuter use MultiPath TCP (MPTCP) to really aggregate multiple Internet connections and OpenWrt.
https://www.openmptcprouter.com/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Engineering Lunar Network 2.0 Artemis and other moon missions will need high-speed communications
https://spectrum.ieee.org/apollo-communications
When Neil Armstrong uttered one of the most famous sentences in human history, he did so via a microphone in his helmet and a 3-kilogram VHF-band radio in his backpack. The radio linked to a rig in the lunar lander, which launched microwave signals on a 325,000-kilometer journey to Earth.
That radio was a tech marvel.
In a package just 35 by 15 by 3.2 centimeters, its designers fit two AM receivers, two AM transmitters, either an FM receiver or an FM transmitter, and also a telemetry system that transmitted spacesuit status and physiological data about the astronaut.
A memorable feature of the Apollo communication system was the S-band erectable antenna, which was connected to the lunar module’s radio system. Stowed as a cylinder 25 by 100 cm, it was unfurled on the moon into a 3-meter-diameter parabolic dish covered with a very fine, flexible, gold-plated mesh. The erectable antenna had a transmit gain of 34 decibels, about 12 dB better than the “steerable” antenna mounted on the lander. The higher gain was needed to accommodate color-TV signals, along with the voice and data channels.
With dozens of missions planned for the next decade, Jet Propulsion Laboratory has partnered with the Italian aerospace company Argotec to design a satellite-based lunar network
Now Earth-to-moon communications are poised for a new era. With dozens of missions planned for the next decade, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has partnered with the Italian aerospace company Argotec to design a satellite-based lunar network that would provide coverage to most of the moon at any given time. The plan calls for 24 satellites to move in four highly elliptical orbits, relaying signals between the lunar surface and Earth. The network wouldn’t be very fast—it would deliver tens of megabits per second, which is less than a decent fiber-to-the-home hookup.
But the Argotec-JPL concept is just one of several budding initiatives to design future lunar communications infrastructure, including proposals to serve future lunar residents.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://us.hitrontech.com/learn/what-is-the-difference-between-olt-and-ont/
Tomi Engdahl says:
The M8050A bit error ratio tester (#BERT) from Keysight characterizes #chip deployments up to 120 Gbaud for the 1.6T (1 trillion bits per second) market.
Read the full article: http://arw.li/6184KNq7j
#EDN #IndustryNews #Engineering
120-GBd BERT validates 1.6T designs
https://www.edn.com/120-gbd-bert-validates-1-6t-designs/?utm_source=edn_facebook&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=Articles
The M8050A bit error ratio tester (BERT) from Keysight characterizes chip deployments up to 120 Gbaud for the 1.6T (1 trillion bits per second) market. It enables the design and characterization of receivers used in next-generation data center networks and server interfaces.
Engineers challenged with higher loss and distortion when moving from 112 Gbps per lane to 224 Gbps per lane can take advantage of the M8050A’s high signal integrity to obtain greater test margin. This allows customers to move to next-generation 1.6T designs, while maintaining the flexibility needed to adapt the M8050A to meet future requirements.
In addition to symbol rates from 2 GBd to 120 GBd, the M8050A supports non-return-to-zero (NRZ), PAM4, PAM6, and PAM8 line coding.
https://www.keysight.com/zz/en/product/M8050A/120-gbd-high-performance-bert.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
2.5 Gigabits ought to be enough for anybody
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDflrf85h9Y
Red Shirt Jeff helps me upgrade my WiFi with a new 2.5 Gbps PoE+ AP, and a new super-powered 10 Gbps PoE++ switch!
00:00 – 2.5 Gbps equipment
01:49 – Gone Fishin’
06:21 – The Terminator
09:11 – Switching the switches
11:20 – How fast is it?
13:20 – Is WiFi 6E or 7 next?
Viewer comments:
“2.5 Gigabits ought to be enough for anybody” 25 years ago when we developed the 1st 2.5G channel card for DWDM we figured it was enough bandwidth for the whole internet!
I am trying not to mock his video title. Honestly, if you’re hitting the limits of 1 Gbe, 2.5 Gbe is not going to be an upgrade. Bite the bullet and go to 10 Gbe. The only reason they are selling 2.5 Gbe as an upgrade is because system or motherboard manufacturers are cheap. Quit giving them a market for their junk.
And now I need 10 gig minimum for data storage for group video editing.
3:08 AH! Pro Tip: Never begin your forward feed with a fish wire that isn’t taped. I learned this the day I hooked an existing wire trying to retract and retry. I had to cut a hole just to unhook because I didn’t know what it was hooked on and if it was safe to just pull until the fish wire straightened out. Avoid re-suffering my suffering, my friend.
Protip: While drilling holes into the wall it’s good to have a second person holding a vacuum right below the drill. That way most of the dust doesn’t hit the floor.
I had a very different experience when I was looking into 10g or 2.5g: Price is basically the same (or close enough). This is especially true for switches, less so for network cards (but used is perfectly fine, often even better than new cause it’s enterprise level gear).
I went for 10g on the main connections only (PCs, Servers), which is still spread over 2 floors so the cross-floor connection also needed 10g. But my entire investment in networking is still lower than the price of that 24 port 2.5g switch alone (~800 bucks). I did go for mostly used network cards, but cabling is all new/homemade as well. For switches, Mikrotik has some great and afforable options that I used. 24x1g, 2x10g, 175€ for the Rack/server side, and one of those 4x 10g for 120€ ones for the PCs (and upling, so >2 needed). 8 port 10g switches can be had for around 300€ I think, but they of course lack PoE (and being typically SFP+ they physically can’t have PoE).
3:08 AH! Pro Tip: Never begin your forward feed with a fish wire that isn’t taped. I learned this the day I hooked an existing wire trying to retract and retry. I had to cut a hole just to unhook because I didn’t know what it was hooked on and if it was safe to just pull until the fish wire straightened out. Avoid re-suffering my suffering, my friend.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Maailman ensimmäiset wifi7-piirit
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/13443-maailman-ensimmaeiset-wifi7-piirit
Broadcom on esitellyt markkinoiden ensimmäiset näytepiirit, jotka tukevat tulevaa Wifi7-tekniikkaa. Perheessä on viisi sirua, jotka tuovat tämän hetken tehokkaimpiin wifi-laitteisiin verrattuna jopa kaksinkertaisen datanopeuden, pidemmän kantaman ja alhaisemman latenssin.
IEEE työstää edelleen seuraavaa wifi-tekniikkaa. Standardin nimi on 802.11be. Sen myötä langattomien lähiverkkoyhteyksien nopeus kasvaa jopa 30 gigabittiin sekunnissa.
WiFi 7:n aikataulu on osin vielä avoin. 802.11be-työryhmä perustettiin toukokuussa 2019. Nyt standardiluonnoksesta on valmistumassa 2.0-drafti. Marraskuussa 2022 IEEEn roadmapissa lukee Draft 3.0 ja marraskuussa 2023 Draft 4.0. Täysin valmiina standardin pitäisi olla keväällä 2024.
WiFi 7 kaksinkertaistaa yhteyksien kaistanleveyden ottamalla käyttöön 320 MHz:n kanavat, joten se täydentää täydellisesti laajennettua maailmanlaajuista wifi-spektriä 6 GHz:n kaistalla. Yhdessä tulevan automaattisen taajuuskoordinoinnin (AFC) kanssa Wi-Fi 7 käyttää optimaalista taajuuksien allokointia mahdollistaakseen suuritehoiset tukiasemat ja laajentaa 6 GHz:n lähetysaluetta sekä sisä- että ulkoympäristöissä.
320 MHz:n kanavat yhdessä 4096-QAM-modulaation kanssa yli kaksinkertaistavat Wi-Fi 6E:n suorituskyvyn, parantavat kattavuutta ja pitävät suorituskyvyn askeleen edellä DOCSIS 4.0:n ja usean gigabitin PON-tekniikan tarjoamia laajakaistanopeuksia.
Tomi Engdahl says:
SaaS-malli voi tuoda operaattorille isot säästöt
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/13442-saas-malli-voi-tuoda-operaattorille-isot-saeaestoet
IT-ohjelmistojen nykytrendiä on ostaa palvelut valmiina, pilvipohjaisena pakettina. Tällä SaaS-mallilla (Software-as-a-Servide) operaattorit voivat Nokian teettämän tutkimuksen mukaan säästää it-kuluissaan jopa 25 prosenttia paikalliseen ohjelmistomalliin verrattuna.
Analysys Masonin Nokian tilaaman tutkimuksen mukaan SaaS:n kaikki mahdolliset edut sisältävät alhaisemmat alkuinvestoinnit, jatkuvasti ajantasaiset ohjelmistot ja mahdollisuus käynnistää uusia palveluita nopeammin verrattuna paikalliseen ohjelmistotoimitusmalliin.
Verkkoalalla yleinen käsitys SaaS-mallista on, että pitkän aikavälin kustannukset ovat korkeammat toistuvien kuukausitilausten vuoksi. Analysys Mason korostaa, että näissä käsityksissä ei tyypillisesti otettu huomioon SaaS-palveluiden mahdollisten etuja kokonaisuudessaan. Näihin kuuluvat pienemmät alkuinvestoinnit ja pääsy aina uusimpaan ohjelmistoon ja tekniikkaan.
Paikallisessa on-premise-mallissa palveluntarjoajien on usein ostettava datakeskusresursseja noin viiden vuoden välein ja käytettävä säännöllisesti IT-konsultteja monimutkaisten IT-ympäristöjensä hallintaan. Siksi niiden on tutkimuslaitoksen mukaan huolehdittava siitä, että eri käyttöönottojen lisenssikustannusten päälle tulee myös kustannuksia, jotka liittyvät käyttöiän päättymiseen liittyviin päivityksiin, henkilöstöön ja ylläpitoon.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Rakuten Mobile and Nokia prove case for 1 Terabit per channel transmission in live network
https://corp.mobile.rakuten.co.jp/english/news/press/2022/0330_01/
- Successful trial connects data centers located in the Kanto region; Trial demonstrates the capability to quickly and easily scale network capacity and efficiency over existing Nokia open optical line system infrastructure.
Tokyo, Japan and Espoo, Finland, March 30, 2022 – Rakuten Mobile, Inc. and Nokia today announced that the two companies have demonstrated the first live 1 Tb/s per channel transmission over Rakuten Mobile’s commercial Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM) network, a speed increase of 500% on Rakuten Mobile’s existing network running at 200 Gb/s. The trial took place over two days in January 2022 and connected data centers located 135 km apart in the Kanto region in Japan.
The 1 Tb/s speed was achieved using coherent transmission powered by Nokia’s Photonic Service Engine (PSE) supporting 1 Tb/s capacity over a 150 GHz optical spectrum. The trial demonstrated the ability to deliver 32 Tb/s per fiber in C-band which can be expanded to 64 Tbps by adding L-band over a Nokia DWDM line system used in Rakuten Mobile’s optical network, vital to providing maximum capacity for the ever-increasing data demands and to support the latest generations of routers delivering 800 Gb/s Ethernet.
The Open Line System field trial, over Rakuten Mobile’s existing commercial network, used Nokia’s Photonic Service Engine inhouse Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a compact, high capacity, modular optical networking platform, optimized for Data Center Interconnect (DCI) applications over metro, regional and long haul.
Rakuten Mobile is scaling up its network capacity to enable 5G connectivity, video and new applications for its mobile subscribers and business partners.
Nokia’s 1 Tb/s solution enables Rakuten Mobile to reduce its footprint, improving operational expenditure and flexibility to rollout in data centers.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Hacking the Rectangular Starlink Dishy Cable
https://gist.github.com/darconeous/8c7899c4d2f849b881d6c43be55066ee
In general, if you can get away with using the original 75′ cable (or the official 150′ long replacement cable), then that is ultimately preferable to doing any of this stuff. If you don’t already know why you would want to do this then you definitely shouldn’t do it. If you run into trouble, the first thing Starlink Support is going to ask is if the cable between your dishy and router has any modifications, and for good reason.
Despite the connectors being proprietary, the underlying technology connecting the router and the rectangular dishy is gigabit ethernet with non-standard PoE(The orange and green pairs are positive, the blue and brown pairs are negative). The cable itself is plain stranded STP CAT5e, suitable for outdoor use. The router acts as a 48V, 2A PoE power supply, so 96 watts are available at the port the router.
Stick with the original router (and possibly the ethernet port dongle) unless you have a good reason to try something else. You cannot power dishy with a standard PoE injector, but if you are enterprising enough you can rearrange the wires (swap blue/green, terminate as Type-B) going into and out-of a passive 4-pair PoE Injector and get it working with a sufficiently large 48V or 52V DC power supply.
Note that most 48V 2A power supplies on Amazon are insufficient! I recommend this 52V power supply, as I have confirmed that it works and I am using it on my own 200+ft run.
Reverse engineering of the Starlink Ethernet adapter
https://olegkutkov.me/2022/03/07/reverse-engineering-of-the-starlink-ethernet-adapter/
The new generation of the Starlink terminal was released at the end of 2021. Dishy antenna is square now, and a completely redesigned indoor unit combines WiFi router and power supply. The new design should be more cost-effective, so there is no AUX Ethernet port on the router, only WiFi.
Later SpaceX released an official Ethernet adapter that brings up the port back.
The Starlink ethernet adapter has the Ethernet port, Dishy proprietary port, and Dishy proprietary connector.
The new waterproof connector was introduced in the new Dishy design. Previously they used standard Ethernet.
Basically, this adapter connects between the Dishy terminal and the WiFi router.
So, this is just a Dishy Ethernet + PoE passthrough and AUX Ethernet transformer with a required minimal circuit.
This means that the router contains a 2-port switch.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.edn.com/wi-fi-7-chip-suite-offers-end-to-end-solutions/?utm_source=edn_facebook&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=Articles
Tomi Engdahl says:
According to a new study, standard copper cables (aka “twisted pair” lines) can handle frequencies up to 5 gigahertz—but no higher.
Study: Copper Supports Ultrafast Broadband, to a Point
https://spectrum.ieee.org/twisted-pair-ultrafast-broadband?utm_campaign=RebelMouse&socialux=facebook&share_id=7032745&utm_medium=social&utm_content=IEEE+Spectrum&utm_source=facebook
Standard twisted pair cables can handle frequencies up to 5 gigahertz—but no higher
Widely used twisted pair cables first invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1881 could support ultrafast broadband where fiber optic networks cannot, although they will inevitably hit a speed limit, a new study finds.
Fiber optic cables are replacing copper wires to help deliver high-speed broadband access. However, such upgrades can prove expensive in both densely populated cities and sparsely populated rural areas, as well as underdeveloped and developing countries, limiting their widespread deployment.
“Moving to fiber optics is an inevitable process for a future-proof network,”
“However, replacing all the copper cables is a very costly and time-consuming operation. In places where this replacement is not practical, alternative ways to improve Internet speeds are required.”
In the new study, Dinc and his colleagues at the University of Cambridge in England investigated twisted pairs
Available digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies such as G.fast operate in the frequency spectrum up to 212 megahertz and enable data rates up to 2 gigabits per second (Gbps), and the emerging DSL technology aims to extend the frequency spectrum up to 848 megahertz and targets data rates up to 10 Gbps. In the new study, the scientists explored the upper limits of twisted pair operations at frequencies of more than 1 gigahertz using a device known as a microstrip balun.
The researchers found standard twisted pairs could support a bandwidth of up to 5 gigahertz, and they could move this upper bound to even higher frequencies by using shorter twist lengths. Still, above 5 GHz, twisted pairs start radiating like antennas and cannot transmit more data.
“Copper cables can transmit more data, but it is nowhere near what fiber-optic cables can achieve,” Dinc says. “Therefore, replacing fiber-optic cables is a necessity, but while doing this, we can also improve the copper network to increase user data rates while this transition is happening.”
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://spectrum.ieee.org/terabit-second
Tomi Engdahl says:
Nokialle iso läpimurto jättidatakeskuksiin
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/13541-nokialle-iso-laepimurto-jaettidatakeskuksiin
Nokia tunnetaan ennen kaikkea mobiilitukiasemistaan, mutta yhtiöllä on myös varsin vankka kiinteiden reitittimien tuotevalikoima. Tutkimuslaitos Dell´Oro kertoo nyt, että huhtikuun lopulla Nokia onnistui tunkeutumaan Microsoftin konesaliin.
Tutkimuslaitoksen mukaan kolmanneksi suurin pilvipalveluntarjojaja Microsoft on valinnut Nokian 7250 IXR -reitittimen seuraavan polven 400G-tasoisten yhteyksien toteutukseen. Dell´Oron mukaan 400 gigabitin reitittimien markkinajohtaja on Broadcom ja moni palveluntarjoaja haluaa asettaa sille hintapaineita.
Helpoimmin tämä onnistuu valitsemalla uuden laitetoimittajan. Vaikka Nokia on melko uusi tulokas konesalien kytkinalueella, yhtiö on johtavia toimittajia reititinmarkkinoilla ja useissa muissa tietoliikenteen segmenteissä. Dell´Oron mukaan Nokialla on merkittävää kokemusta järjestelmäsuunnittelusta, mikä mahdollistaa virransäästön järjestelmätasolla.
Tutkimuslaitos muistuttaa, että verkon nopeuden noustessa 400 gigabittiin sekunnissa ja sen yli virrankulutuksesta tulee yksi rajoittavimmista tekijöistä palvelinkeskuksissa. Microsoft kohtasi tämän haasteen jo 400 Gbps:n käyttöönoton myötä, sillä se joutui odottamaan Broadcomin Jericho 2C+ -siruja, jotka kuluttavat vähemmän virtaa kuin aiemman sukupolven Jericho 2 -piirit.
Sikäli Nokian Microsoft-sopimus on ironinen, että 7250 IXR perustuu sekin Broadcomin prosessorialustaan.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Nokia demosi 600G-yhteyttä 1000 kilometrin yli
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/13543-nokia-demosi-600g-yhteyttae-1000-kilometrin-yli
Nokia on saanut onnistuneesti päätökseen testit italialaisen TIM:n kanssa käyttäen Nokia PSE-V:n viidennen sukupolven superkoherenttia optiikkaa. Kokeilussa onnistuttiin siirtämään dataa TIM:n optisessa verkossa 600 gigabitin sekuntinopeudella 1008 kilometrin linkissä TIM:n maanpäällisessä runkoverkossa Italiassa.
Tämä kokeilu hyödyntää TIM:n olemassa olevaa runkoverkkoa, joka perustuu Nokian CDC-F ROADM -arkkitehtuuriin. Testissä käytettiin 100 gigahertsin WDM-kanavia verkon kapasiteetin maksimoimiseksi. Spektritehokkuus testissä nousi ennätykselliseen lukemaan: 6,0 bittiä/sek/Hz.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Go Wireless With This DIY Laser Ethernet Link
https://hackaday.com/2017/04/19/go-wireless-with-this-diy-laser-ethernet-link/
Homemade 10 Mbit/s Laser / optical Ethernet transceiver
http://blog.svenbrauch.de/2017/02/19/homemade-10-mbits-laser-optical-ethernet-transceiver/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Beyond 5G to wireless optical networks
Jan. 31, 2022
With 5G wireless networks spreading around the world, standards writers are turning to optical communications for high wireless bandwidths over short distances.
https://www.laserfocusworld.com/fiber-optics/article/14223667/beyond-5g-to-wireless-optical-networks?utm_source=LFW+Fiber+Optics&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS220510004&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
With 5G wireless networks spreading around the world, standards writers are turning to optical communications for high wireless bandwidths over short distances.
FIGURE 1. Uses of fiber transmission in 5G networks and their exterior connections in datacenters and the global network. Inside the wireless system, fibers connect central offices and local data centers to cell towers and to small 28 GHz cells placed on buildings or poles.
Wireless communications is a restless field. Although the global 5G network is still taking shape, developers are already planning how to deliver more bandwidth and improve latency in the next-generation 6G network.
Planners say 6G will be the next big thing, noting it will deliver new wireless services including data links to a multitude of “Things” and augmented reality to people at holographic high resolution.
3G brought smartphones and the Internet to mobile business users, with 4G expanding them to mobile consumers. He says 5G networks will provide a “tactile Internet” that gives professional users in fields from agriculture to medicine wireless real-time control of real and virtual objects in the Internet of Things.
Fettweis also notes that “6G must provide an infrastructure to enable remote controlled robotic solutions for everyone, the Personal Tactile Network. From 2030 on, with the launch of 6G, the old dream of mankind of robotic helpers easing our life will therefore become reality.” It’s a big, broad vision that seeks to realize concepts including augmented reality as well as personal robotic agents. Achieving that goal will require new technology that can deliver enormous transmission capacity, provide extensive interconnectability, and achieve nearly instantaneous latency.
According to Michail Matthaiou, a professor at Queen’s University (Belfast, UK), the success of 5G can be attributed to the use of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology in the microwave band. Their main concern is the physical layer of mobile networks, the hardware that transports signals. Other layers of communication systems perform other functions, such as delivering voice, video, or data inputs into the system, converting those input signals into a suitable format for transmission, and multiplexing signals from various sources into a single data stream for transmission through the physical layer. Optics are part of the physical layer. Optical transmitters generate light signals that travel through fibers or the air for free-space communications. Radio and microwave signals from antennas travel wirelessly through the air. Electronic transmitters generate electrical currents that travel short distances through wires.
Fiber optics play important roles in the physical layer of 5G mobile networks (see Fig. 1). They provide high-capacity backbone transport for the global telecommunication system and between datacenters. They also provide backhaul between regional distribution nodes and the cellular towers that distribute wireless signals at radio frequencies. Passive optical networks can transmit radio signals in the 28 GHz band used by 5G networks to transmit from local antennas distributing high-frequency signals serving small “picocells.”
Challenges in scaling to 6G
Optics play a major role in scaling the physical layer of mobile networks to meet the goals of 6G networks. Matthaiou says this requires three major technological advances: transmitting signals at frequencies from the 28 GHz band used in 5G ranging up to the optical band, developing intelligent reconfigurable surfaces for antenna systems, and replacing conventional fixed cellular networks with cell-free networks based on massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) networks.
The three major bands envisioned for 6G are millimeter waves at 30 to 300 GHz, terahertz at 300 GHz to 3 THz, and the optical band, which includes much of the infrared (IR), all of the visible, and the long-wave end of the ultraviolet. Atmospheric absorption is a well-known problem for most of the millimeter-wave band, with most air attenuation ranging from 2 to 10,000 dB/km at 300 GHz to 10 THz.2 At least in the near term, that high attenuation limits transmission to short distances in most of the millimeter and terahertz bands. Obstructions such as foliage or walls can also block transmission.
The goal of intelligent reconfigurable surfaces is to revolutionize the structure of the antennas transmitting and receiving wireless signals.
Optical wireless communications
Fiber-optic cables have long provided backbone transport and backhaul for wireless networks, but wireless optics were not used until 4G systems were deployed. However, the high frequencies of light waves make optical transmission more attractive for bandwidth-hungry 6G wireless applications.
Microwave frequencies limit the attainable bandwidth of wireless networks. The new WiFi6 wireless standard manages to achieve data rates to 9.6 Gbit/s by operating in parts of the microwave spectrum from 1 to 7.125 GHz. Optical wavelengths, with frequencies of hundreds of terahertz, promise much higher data rates for wireless applications.
The most mature technology is Li-Fi (light fidelity) proposed by Harald Haas, of the University of Strathclyde (Glasgow, UK), to cover wireless optical systems that use visible and IR light to provide two-way multiuser communications.3 Optical wireless generally works best with a line of sight between the transmitter and receiver, but it can work if light is spread and reflected diffusely. Non-line-of-sight operation is possible, but may require special technology and signal processing. Walls, doors, foliage, fog, precipitation, and other obstructions can block or strongly attenuate light, so in practice most wireless optical links cover only short to medium distances.4 Whether that limit is a bug or a feature depends on the application. Containing signals within a room or building can provide security in many situations, but could be a problem in a network serving multiple rooms or structures, or reaching people outside of the building.
LED sources are attractive for short and medium wireless communication because they can disperse light across wide angles to give desirable multipath diversity on short links, and their low power avoids the risk of eye damage. One early appeal of the Li-Fi system was the idea of modulating overhead LED light bulbs with signals that would spread through a room like radio waves. The optical illumination could provide the downlink from server to users, with individual user devices equipped with radio uplinks.
Kyocera SLD Laser (Goleta, CA) has demonstrated a new type of laser-based surface-mount device (SMD) Li-Fi source in which two gallium-nitride (GaN) diode lasers illuminate phosphors to generate white light (see Fig. 2). “The blue or violet laser sources illuminate the phosphor, which converts some energy to yellow for white light. The laser light undergoes Lambertian scattering, yielding a mixture of about 20% blue and 80% yellow” in the output of their LaserLight Li-Fi, says Paul Rudy of Kyocera.
For CES, Kyocera assembled an array of 10 separate sources generated different wavelengths by using blue and violet GaN lasers with phosphors to generate visible light, and gallium-arsenide diode lasers to generate IR light that was also diffused to spread the light. Each source was modulated at 10 Gbit/s, and wavelength-division multiplexing combined the 10 sources to deliver a 100 Gbit/s signal.
“The data rate is what’s very important,” says Haas, who worked with Kyocera on the demonstration. “You can use it in daylight, with infrared and visible light. It works across different scenarios and can be combined with sensing.” That’s important because 6G will combine sensing, communications, and computing, he adds. “Maybe 20 years from now, wireless will be optical rather than radio.”
For now, Rudy says Li-Fi is attracting interest from users concerned that radio wireless signals could interfere with sensitive medical or other equipment or could leak secrets from secure facilities. The aviation industry also is interested because it worries that noise from radio bands the FCC recently opened to wireless communication could interfere with sensitive navigation equipment.
Latency and transport networks
Reducing network latency to submillisecond levels is high on 6G wish lists because it is too short for humans to perceive, which is crucial for use in applications such as augmented reality and robotic telesurgery. 4G networks have latency of 30 to 70 ms, with a theoretical lower limit of 10 ms. Early 5G networks have latency as low as 5 ms, with some hoping to reach 1 ms in the future.5
According to Harsh Tataria of Lund University (Lund, Sweden), in a study published in Proceedings of the IEEE, achieving submillisecond latency will require “a complete rethink of the network design, where the present transport networks will begin to disappear and be virtualized over existing fiber, as well as be isolated using modern software-defined networking.” Shortcuts to reduce latency will involve “the reduction or removal of the transport network fiber infrastructure.” Yet even with all wireless links, achieving submillisecond latency would require limiting network reach to the order of a hundred kilometers.
Outlook
We don’t currently know what 6G standards will specify beyond a promise of more bandwidth. Nor can we be sure that 6G will make holographic-quality augmented reality the next big thing.
Wireless data rates need to increase significantly for 6G to deliver applications such as high-resolution virtual reality in the future.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.laserfocusworld.com/fiber-optics/article/14234915/core-alignment-for-splicing-large-mode-area-fibers?utm_source=LFW+Fiber+Optics&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS220510004&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Tomi Engdahl says:
Optical Light Source Wiki: Comprehensive Introduction of LED vs Laser Diode
https://www.qsfptek.com/article/optical-light-source-comprehensive-introduction-of-led-vs-laser-diode
Sources For Fiber Optic Transmitters – LEDs And Lasers
https://www.thefoa.org/tech/ref/appln/LEDs-lasers.html
Difference between Laser Light Source and LED Light Source
https://www.fiber-optic-solutions.com/difference-between-laser-light-source-and-led-light-source.html
Fiber: Laser Light Power Source Vs. LED Light Power Source
https://cablesys.com/updates/fiber-laser-light-power-source-vs-led-light-power-source/
Tomi Engdahl says:
WiFi 6 tulee teollisuuteen kolmen radion moduulilla
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/13563-wifi-6-tulee-teollisuuteen-kolmen-radion-moduulilla
IEEE 802.11ax on tämän hetken edistynein wifi-tekniikka, jota kutsutaan myös nimellä WiFi 6. Sveitsiläinen u-blox on nyt esitellyt radiomoduulin, joka tuo tekniikan teollisuuden laiteyhteyksiin. Tämä onnistuu MAYA-W2 -moduulilla, joka tukee myös Bluetooth 5.2 -yhteyksiä sekä teollisuudessa suosittuja, IEEE 802.15.4-standardiin perustuvia Thread- ja Zigbee-tekniikoita.
WiFi 6:n myötä MAYA-W2 tarjoaa paremman verkon tehokkuuden – erityisesti ruuhkaisilla alueilla, pienemmän viiveen ja paremman kantaman edellisen sukupolven Wi-Fi-standardeihin verrattuna. Thread tasoittaa tietä pienitehoisille IP-pohjaisille mesh-verkoille, joita käytetään yleisesti kotiautomaatiossa. Lisäksi kaksitoiminen Bluetooth-moduuli tukee sekä ns. klassista Bluetoothia että vähävirtaista BLE-tekniikkaa.
MAYA-W2 on suunniteltu tarjoamaan nopea kehitys ja laitteiden markkinoille tuominen. Kaikki tarvittavat Linux-, Android- ja FreeRTOS-ohjelmiston ajurit ovat saatavilla avoimena lähdekoodina. FreeRTOS-ohjelmiston ajurit on valmiiksi integroitu MCUXpresso-ohjelmistokehityssarjaan (SDK), kun taas Android- ja Linux-ohjelmistoajurit on integroitu NXP:n i.MX-sovellusprosessorien korttitukipaketteihin (BSP).
MAYA-W2 kestää teollisuuslämpötiloja -40 … +85 °C. Se on saatavana neljänä versiona kolmella antennivaihtoehdolla
Tomi Engdahl says:
one of the advantages of fibre is that glass is worthless and so human “squirrels” don’t steal it to sell for scrap, which is a significant cause of outages.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Globaalisti liikkuvat robotit hyötyvät yhtenäisestä laajakaistayhteydestä. Starlink on toteuttamassa yhteyksiä myös lentokoneisiin, joten hitaammin liikkuvat tuskin muodostuvat ongelmiksi. Starlink saatavilla jo 32 maassa. Suuri joukko maita tulossa kuvaan mukaan myöhemmin. Joukossa myös Suomi. Harmaina alueina erityisesti Iran, Venäjä ja Kiina.
Starlink now available to ship immediately in 32 countries
https://www.theverge.com/2022/5/13/23070269/starlink-availability-32-countries-shipping-immediately
Across North and South America, Europe, and Australasia
Tomi Engdahl says:
Was Nokia’s Microsoft switch deal win a reward for SONiC contributions?
Supply-chain constraints and code for network OS played a role, analyst tells El Reg
https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/06/nokia_microsoft_datacenter/
Tomi Engdahl says:
A $90 “Industrial” Cat8 Ethernet Cable – It’s Actually Worth It?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JXMKInx7Uvo
0:00 – Intro
0:37 – My Problem
1:41 – Update From Future Me
2:51 – Ethernet Twisted Pairs Explained
4:15 – Split Pair Explained
5:32 – Cell Tower Interference
6:39 – Why Cat8
7:24 – The Cable I Found
9:04 – Thoughts on the Cable
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Internet Origin Story You Know Is Wrong https://www.wired.com/story/internet-origin-story-bbs/
The history of the internet is repeatedly reduced to the story of the singular ARPANET. But BBSs were just as important – if not more. In the words of one former sysop, the BBS was the original cyberspace.
The stories from this era remind us that many different internets have already existed. An internet after social media is still possible; the internet of today can still become something better, more just, equitable, and inclusivea future worth fighting for.
Tomi Engdahl says:
RJ-45 Port, SFP Port, SFP+ Port, QSFP+ Port, and QSFP28 Port Connector Pinout Information
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/hardware/mx2020/srx4600/topics/concept/port-network-connector-pinout.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_form-factor_pluggable_transceiver
Tomi Engdahl says:
Rakuten Mobile and Nokia prove case for 1 Terabit per channel transmission in live network
https://corp.mobile.rakuten.co.jp/english/news/press/2022/0330_01/
- Successful trial connects data centers located in the Kanto region; Trial demonstrates the capability to quickly and easily scale network capacity and efficiency over existing Nokia open optical line system infrastructure.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Ethernet over Coaxial Cable BE8216EOC-MINI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVenXEKpFTA
The BE8216EOC-MINI Ethernet Extender can transfer full – duplex Ethernet signal with single coaxial cable. It is capable of delivering the IEEE802.3 10 Base-T/ 100Base – TX signal up to 100 meters. The product can be interlinked with each other for easier cable management. There is no power required. It can be used widely in the field of network transmission project and security surveillance applications. It is the perfect device to convert an existing analog camera system to an IP system without having to re-wire.
FEATURES:
• ALLOWS USE OF COAXIAL CABLES FOR
IP CAMERAS
• NO POWER REQUIRED
• TRANSFER 10/100Mbps
• TRANSMISSION DISTANCE UP TO 100m
• SMALL VOLUME, BUILT-IN RJ45 CABLE
• PACKAGED IN PAIRS
Bolide Technology Group BE8216EOC-MINI Ethernet Over Coaxial Cable (Pair)
https://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/1259451-REG/bolide_technology_group_be8216eoc_mini_ethernet_over_coaxial.html
Bolide Technology Group BE8216EOC-MINI Overview
Run coaxial cable to IP cameras using the BE8216EOC-MINI Ethernet Over Coaxial Cable from Bolide Technology Group. This adapter features a single BNC female connector to an RJ45 jack and supports a transmission distance of up to 328′ (100m). No power is required and the media is transmitted over both RG59 coaxial and Cat5e/6 cabling. Once configured, users can take advantage of fast Ethernet data transfer rates ensuring reliable connectivity when connecting analog cameras to an IP system.
Allows the use of coaxial cables for IP cameras
No power required
10/100 Mbps transfer speeds
Transmission distance of up to 328′/100m
Small volume, built-in RJ45 cable
Tomi Engdahl says:
8 Ports Gigabit PoE Switch Connecting with Gigabit PoE Extender Ethernet Repeater
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGvVFuD0QkQ
In this video,there are two products included.
One is 8 ports gigabit smart PoE+ switch,the other is gigabit PoE Ethernet extender repeater.
Tomi Engdahl says:
IG – Montage Cat. 8 Keystonemodul – 2. Schritt: RJ45 Modul konfektionieren
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZJz6QbfQdQ
Tomi Engdahl says:
Coax to Ethernet Adapter – BNC to RJ45 – Unboxing, Installation & Test – Homeplug Alternative
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcdfiuwDz8s
Unboxing and test of a Coax to Ethernet Adapter kit available on AliExpress for around £22/$17
Normally used for CCTV and IP Cameras.
Can be used with RF/Aerial coax cabling within a house/building to add an Ethernet connection to a room without Ethernet access. Alternative to Homeplug Powerline setups.
Extra photos at the end showing the circuit board components.
Tomi Engdahl says:
How Do I Create an Ethernet Over Coax Network?
https://us.hitrontech.com/learn/how-do-i-create-an-ethernet-over-coax-network/
When your Wi-Fi isn’t as strong as you want it to be, you can create an Ethernet over coax network to support it. An Ethernet over coax network can help make your Wi-Fi faster, more reliable and altogether better.
What is Ethernet Over Coax?
Ethernet over coax is a wired connection that uses the existing coaxial cable wiring in your home. This method transforms or converts your coaxial cable network into an Ethernet network. Ethernet over coax is also called MoCA technology, which stands for Multimedia over Coaxial Alliance. From here we will refer to Ethernet over coax as MoCA.
MoCA creates a high-capacity network, which means fast speeds, low latency and lag. Because a MoCA network is a wired connection it surpasses Wi-Fi’s ability to deliver a highly reliable connection every time and deliver extremely fast Gigabit (Gbps) speeds.
https://www.reddit.com/r/DIY/comments/2otp5z/ethernet_over_a_cable_outlet/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Can You Convert Coax to Ethernet?
https://sortatechy.com/can-you-convert-coax-to-ethernet/
Is there a way to convert coaxial to ethernet without a modem?
https://www.quora.com/Is-there-a-way-to-convert-coaxial-to-ethernet-without-a-modem
Tomi Engdahl says:
MoCA Network DIY Coax to Ethernet by Installing MoCA Adapter
https://gurrusays.com/moca-network-diy-coax-to-ethernet-moca-adapter/
Tomi Engdahl says:
How to Convert Coaxial to Ethernet | Remove All Confusions
https://www.techdim.com/how-to-convert-coaxial-to-ethernet/
Can you convert coax to ethernet? Your coaxial cable TV wiring can be turned into an Ethernet network cable backbone in your house, and it’s simpler than you imagine. You can convert Coaxial to Ethernet cable. It will replace coax with ethernet.
Coaxial cable is available in 90% of US households. It’s the kind of wiring that provides cable TV, the Internet, and other utilities. If your house has been connected to a cable TV provider, you would probably have coaxial network wiring in your walls. In reality, the coax network wiring does not even have to be operational in order to turn it into an Ethernet cable network. using coax cable for Ethernet connection is a smart way to do the networking. So, how to convert coaxial to ethernet? In this article, we will let you know this.
Converting Coax to Ethernet
You can connect Coax cable to TV without having a Coax input. But to convert coax cable to Ethernet, you can adopt two methods. They are by using Ethernet over coax or MoCA and using the Installation process. Now comes the details of converting the coaxial to the ethernet.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2022/06/01/dissecting-a-t1-line/
Tomi Engdahl says:
HOW THE FCC SETTLES RADIO-SPECTRUM TURF WARS
Remember the 5G-airport controversy? Here’s how such disputes play out
https://spectrum.ieee.org/spectrum-management?share_id=7069546
Tomi Engdahl says:
What Is Wi-Fi 7? Great capacity, less latency—here’s how IEEE 802.11be achieves both
https://spectrum.ieee.org/what-is-wifi-7?share_id=7074764
Tomi Engdahl says:
What’s new in Wi-Fi 6E networks? More interference testing
https://www.edn.com/whats-new-in-wi-fi-6e-networks-more-interference-testing/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.tek-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=1783825
https://www.cablingsys.com/110_cabling_products.asp
https://www.canford.de/COMMSCOPE-KRONE-LSA-PLUS-CONNECTION-SYSTEM-Wiring-modules
Tomi Engdahl says:
How to Connect Two Routers Together to Boost Your Wi-Fi
BY
JOSH KO
PUBLISHED MAY 13, 2022
If you’ve got an old router lying around, don’t bin it. Use it to beam glorious Wi-Fi throughout your home.
https://www.makeuseof.com/how-connect-two-routers-together/#Echobox=1652711748
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.howtogeek.com/795666/how-to-choose-an-ethernet-cable/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Installing a payphone in my house
https://bert.org/2022/06/02/payphone/
Tomi Engdahl says:
A new game for IT pros – Connect Port
https://community.spiceworks.com/topic/2122919-a-new-game-for-it-pros-connect-port