5G? IoT? Fiber Deep? 600G? We Are ready for networking at 2019!
For years we have all been talking about the emergence of 5G services, the Internet of Things (IoT) and the new high-capacity, low-latency network architectures that will be needed to support the resulting onslaught of bandwidth. Higher-speed data rates are critical to electronic evolution and revolution.
Here are some of my collection of newest trends and predictions for year 2018. have picked and mixed here quotations from many articles (linked to source) with some of my own additions to make this posting.
5G: The most newsworthy stories in wireless today are all about 5G. In 2019, we enter a cautious, early-adoption phase of this next generation of wireless technology. 2019 will be the year when we see the first commercial networks turning on and first handsets arriving in the market. Only a small number of users will get a first taste of 5G in specific geographic locations, using specific applications, none of which are ubiquitous or cost-optimized. For more details read my 5G trends for 2019 posting.
Deep fiber: Deep deployment of fiber optics into national network infrastructure might not be as glamorous as the eagerly anticipated launch of fifth-generation mobile networks (5G); however, it is just as important—maybe even more important. Wired broadband access supports as much as 90 percent of all internet traffic even though the majority of traffic ultimately terminates on a wireless device. Wireline and wireless networks are driving new architectures to support the move from 4G LTE to 5G infrastructure. In fact, 5G relies heavily on fiber infrastructure. Service providers in the access market are talking about the evolution of their plants to a Fiber Deep (FD) Architecture. FD architectures move the optical node (the optical-to-electrical conversion point) deeper into the network and closer to the subscriber. This means shorter copper, faster speed, more capacity and reduction in maintenance cost for both cable TV network and telephone line based access networks.
Ethernet: Faster Ethernet speeds are taken to use. These transitions are driven by the increasing global IP traffic. Hyper-scalers and service providers are moving from 100GbE to 400GbE Ethernet rates and beyond. In this speed development 56Gb/s And 112Gb/s SerDes Matter.
TSN: Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a set of standards under development by the Time-Sensitive Networking task group of the IEEE 802.1 working group. TSN standards documents that are specified by IEEE 802.1 can be grouped into three basic key component categories that are time synchronization; scheduling and traffic shaping; selection of communication paths, path reservations and fault-tolerance. Industrial Ethernet networks embrace time-sensitive networking (TSN) technology to integrate operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT).
SDN: Software-defined networking (SDN) technology is an approach to cloud computing that facilitates network management and enables programmatically efficient network configuration in order to improve network performance and monitoring. SD-WAN applies similar technology to a wide area network (WAN). SD-WAN allows companies to build higher-performance WANs using lower-cost and commercially available Internet access, enabling businesses to partially or wholly replace more expensive private WAN connection technologies such as MPLS.
IPv6: IPv4 and IPv6 are the two Protocols Run the Internet in 2019. The long-forecasted day the internet runs out of addresses has arrived and it marks a paradigm shift in the internet’s evolution. Though IPv6 has been available globally since 2012, it has seen a slow, if increasing, adoption rate. The migration to IPv6 is inevitable but will take time during that both systems are in use. In many networks a notable amount of traffic is already IPv6.
New Internet protocols: Internet security gets a boost with TLS 1.3. Also HTTP is in process of switching to a protocol layered on top of UDP. Today’s HTTP (versions 1.0, 1.1, and 2) are all layered on top of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) that is not very optimal in today’s applications as SSL over TCP requires subsequent round trips to establish the encrypted connection.
IoT: The IoT world is here, and the level and rate of convergence is increasing in volume and velocity. We will see the evolution of converged networks for IoT applications in mind. Network convergence (version 2.0) is here with changes and improvements made since the first converged network (Convergence 1.0). TIA TR-42 (Telecommunications Cabling Systems ANSI/TIA-568 family), BICSI (TDMM and others) and proprietary or third documents must adapt and adjust.
PoE: The IEEE 802.3bt standard, approved by the IEEE Standards Association Board on September 27, 2018, included some significant enhancements especially for LED lighting systems. This specification allows for up to 90W of delivered power for cable lengths of up to 100m through the use of all four pairs of wires.
Trade wars: It seem that there is a high tech “trade war” between USA and China. It affects specifically networking business. Big Chinese manufacturers Huawei and ZTE are have received sanctions and their products are not wanted by many countries citing their business practices and potential security nightmares. For example Japan to halt buying Huawei, ZTE equipment and Huawei has been under fire in UK, just to mention examples. It seems that the business that is lost by Huawei and ZTE could benefit Ericsson and Nokia in the 5G base station markets for short term.
Security: The internet is going to hell and its creators want your help fixing it. All agree on one thing however: Right now there is a serious battle for heart and minds, the future of the internet and global society itself. There seems to be need for a conference to address the fact that people increasingly see tech as a threat and no longer as a pure force for good. Government set to revise internal rules on procurement to protect national cybersecurity. Your DNS might be broken, and you don’t even know it. Some DNS old hacks gets thrown out of use by February 1st, 2019.
WiFi: WiFi technology gets new marketing naming. The numerical sequence includes: Wi-Fi 6 to identify devices that support 802.11ax technology, Wi-Fi 5 to identify devices that support 802.11ac technology, Wi-Fi 4 to identify devices that support 802.11n technology.
Faster mobile: Mobile networks are getting faster in many countries. Mobile networks are killing Wi-Fi for speed around the world. Average data speeds on mobile networks now outpace customer’s Wi-Fi connection, on average, in 33 countries. That’s the The State of Wifi vs Mobile Network Experience as 5G Arrives.
Energy efficiency: We need to develop more energy efficient networking technologies. Today, information and communication technologies globally consume 8% of electricity and doubles every year.
1,186 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
Building materials impact RF signals
https://www.edn.com/electronics-blogs/living-analog/4461822/Building-materials-impact-RF-signals?utm_content=bufferbad05&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer
Tomi Engdahl says:
Harvard Researchers Construct the First Successful Laser Radio Transmitter
https://blog.hackster.io/harvard-researchers-construct-the-first-successful-laser-radio-transmitter-db3466d18c8b
It’s important to understand that this isn’t using the laser itself to carry data, which is an existing technology that relies on line-of-sight, and the same basic idea behind fiber optics. Instead, an infrared frequency comb in a quantum cascade laser is used to generate microwave radiation. That can be then be modulated to carry data, just like any other wave.
Ultra-high-speed Wi-Fi breakthrough
https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/04/harvard-sound-transmitted-by-laser-is-ultra-high-speed-wi-fi-breakthrough/?utm_source=SilverpopMailing&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Daily+Gazette+20190426%282%29+%281%29
Tomi Engdahl says:
Kiran Stacey / Financial Times:
Industry veterans say the US ceded its supremacy in telecom equipment to companies like Huawei with choices that the government and companies made in the ’90s
Why is there no US rival to compete with Huawei?
Telecoms insiders blame government and industry decisions in 1990s for stymying innovation
https://www.ft.com/content/18d3823a-65f2-11e9-9adc-98bf1d35a056
Tomi Engdahl says:
Cox wants gamers to pay an extra $15 for ‘elite’ internet that isn’t actually faster
https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/26/18518418/cox-elite-gamer-gaming-internet-fortnite-apex-legends-overwatch
You might see less latency and jitter, but this seems dubious
Tomi Engdahl says:
Confidence in the internet is wobbling: Here’s how to fix it, says cyber chief
https://www.zdnet.com/article/confidence-the-internet-is-wobbling-heres-how-to-fix-it-says-cyber-chief/
Tech industry has a responsibility to fix security for the next generation, says NCSC head.
There’s been a dip in confidence around how the internet works and it’s up to the cybersecurity industry and others to help fix problems and ensure that we don’t make the same mistakes that were being made when online connectivity was a new phenomenon as fresh internet-connected technologies emerge.
“These new generations of technologies still offer unparalleled opportunities to make all our lives so much better – our healthcare, our economy, our societies, but we have to think about managing the risks and the harm,” said Ciaran Martin, CEO of the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC), the cybersecurity arm of the UK’s GCHQ intelligence agency.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Russia’s great firewall: is it meant to keep information in – or out?
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/apr/28/russia-great-firewall-sovereign-internet-bill-keeping-information-in-or-out
Vladimir Putin will soon sign the ‘sovereign internet’ bill to allow greater monitoring of traffic. But what are its other consequences?
Tomi Engdahl says:
Pienikokoinen antenni VLF-lähetyksiin
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2019/04/30/pienikokoinen-antenni-vlf-lahetyksiin/
Kalifornialaisen Stanfordin SLAC National Accelerator -laboratoriossa kehitetty kompakti sauva-antenni voisi mahdollistaa liikkuvan viestinnän tilanteissa, joissa tavanomaiset radiot eivät toimi, kuten veden alla, maanpinnan läpi ja hyvin pitkillä välimatkoilla ilmassa.
SLAC develops novel compact antenna for communicating where radios fail
https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/news/2019-04-12-slac-develops-novel-compact-antenna-communicating-where-radios-fail.aspx
The 4-inch-tall device could be used in portable transmitters for rescue missions and other challenging applications demanding high mobility.
Tomi Engdahl says:
VLF-antenni siirtää dataa, kun muut radiot pettävät
http://www.etn.fi/index.php/13-news/9413-vlf-antenni-siirtaa-dataa-kun-muut-radiot-pettavat
A high Q piezoelectric resonator as a portable VLF transmitter
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-09680-2
Very low frequency communication systems (3 kHz–30 kHz) enable applications not feasible at higher frequencies. However, the highest radiation efficiency antennas require size at the scale of the wavelength (here, >1 km), making portable transmitters extremely challenging. Facilitating transmitters at the 10 cm scale, we demonstrate an ultra-low loss lithium niobate piezoelectric electric dipole driven at acoustic resonance that radiates with greater than 300x higher efficiency compared to the previous state of the art at a comparable electrical size.
The prevalence of human portable or autonomous vehicle platforms has significantly increased the demand for small, efficient transmitters1. Particularly attractive, very low frequency (VLF) signals attenuate <6 dB/1000 km within the Earth-ionosphere waveguide and can penetrate tens of meters into seawater or dirt.
Traditionally, a disadvantage of passive high-Q antennas was low bandwidth. Utilizing piezoelectricity as the radiating element allows us to dynamically shift the transmitter resonant frequency.
Tomi Engdahl says:
3 new IEEE 802.3 standard amendments for physical layer Ethernet functions published
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2019/04/3-ieee-8023-standard-amendments-published.html?cmpid=&utm_source=enl&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=cim_data_center_newsletter&utm_content=2019-04-29&eid=289644432&bid=2430366
The three newly published IEEE 802.3 standard amendments include:
IEEE 802.3cb™-2018—IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 1: Physical Layer Specifications and Management Parameters for 2.5 Gb/s and 5 Gb/s Operation over Backplane.
IEEE 802.3bt™-2018—IEEE Standard for Ethernet Amendment 2: Physical Layer and Management Parameters for Power over Ethernet over 4 pairs.
IEEE 802.3cd™-2018—IEEE Standard for Ethernet—Amendment 3: Media Access Control Parameters for 50 Gb/s and Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 50 Gb/s, 100 Gb/s, and 200 Gb/s Operation.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Ruckus Empowers Enterprises to Address Critical Use Cases by Deploying Private LTE Networks
https://markets.financialcontent.com/pennwell.cabling/news/read/38139032/ruckus_empowers_enterprises_to_address_critical_use_cases_by_deploying_private_lte_networks
Tomi Engdahl says:
HomeGrid Forum touts VLC technology supported by G.hn for emerging smart home/city market
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/pt/2019/04/homegrid-touts-vlc-ghn-wifi-for-smart-home.html?cmpid=&utm_source=enl&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=cim_data_center_newsletter&utm_content=2019-04-29&eid=289644432&bid=2430366
Visible Light Communication (VLC), modulated with G.hn technology, is set to be the next major innovation in realizing the full potential of both smart homes and smart cities, contends the HomeGrid Forum, the industry alliance that promotes the use of the ITU-T’s G.hn gigabit-capable home networking technology standards.
Tomi Engdahl says:
ANSI/TIA-1005-A Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Industrial Premises
https://blog.siemon.com/standards/ansitia-1005-a-telecommunications-infrastructure-standard-for-industrial-premises
The Purpose of the ANSI/TIA-1005-A Standard Telecommunications Infrastructure for Industrial Premises
https://www.anixter.com/en_us/resources/literature/technical-references/standards/the-purpose-of-the-ansi-tia-1005-standard.html
TIA-1005 (Proposed by TR-42.9) Industrial Cabling Standard [PPT]
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjOoJnAsfzhAhXnkosKHbLACloQFjACegQIBBAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjpadilla.docentes.upbbga.edu.co%2Fredes_industriales%2Findustrial%2520cabling%2520standarv2.ppt&usg=AOvVaw3kJFuLElLovee33COCgCun
Tomi Engdahl says:
We are off to a fast start in 2019 with the launch of The Infinite Network, an end-to-end architecture vision that extends our Instant Bandwidth business model to the edge of your network and gives you the bandwidth you need everywhere, always and instantly; the availability of our record-setting 600 gigabits per second (600G) solution that provides 50 percent more capacity than competitive offerings; the announcement of 800G wavelengths using our industry-leading, vertically integrated Infinite Capacity Engine (ICE) technology
Infinera Sets Highest-performance 600G Transmission Record
https://www.infinera.com/infinera-sets-highest-performance-600g-transmission-record/?mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiWlRJeU1XVTJOR05oTW1WayIsInQiOiJMdVE3b2MrVmp5cjhFUTZUNklTcEdrc0g4SWF5YnNsZ0wybkhpOVd0WHlpQUdpZXp0OTNSY2gwOUpxRDNvYXc2c09mR0U1NHhjT0hLUXVjRDdhQWpSZXl1Q1pnMjhNMWJNQjN2dFV0aXJ6U0FmUFdsZFd4WUtVMlBpRUMrSEdHQiJ9
Infinera (NASDAQ: INFN) announced today the successful demonstration of 600 gigabits per second (600G) per wavelength transmission over 250 kilometers (km) in a production network with the Infinera Groove G30 muxponder solution. Demonstrated on the backbone network of a leading European service provider, this achievement establishes a new benchmark for capacity and reach in optical communications.
Infinera Announces ICE6, the Next-generation Infinite Capacity Engine Featuring 800G Waves
https://www.infinera.com/infinera-announces-ice6-the-next-generation-infinite-capacity-engine-featuring-800g-waves/?mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiWlRJeU1XVTJOR05oTW1WayIsInQiOiJMdVE3b2MrVmp5cjhFUTZUNklTcEdrc0g4SWF5YnNsZ0wybkhpOVd0WHlpQUdpZXp0OTNSY2gwOUpxRDNvYXc2c09mR0U1NHhjT0hLUXVjRDdhQWpSZXl1Q1pnMjhNMWJNQjN2dFV0aXJ6U0FmUFdsZFd4WUtVMlBpRUMrSEdHQiJ9
Infinera announced today its sixth-generation Infinite Capacity Engine, ICE6, a new benchmark in high-capacity optical transmission with dual-channel 800 gigabits per second (800G) per wave and leading optical performance. Part of The Infinite Network, ICE6 builds on the success of Infinera’s ICE4 and Instant Bandwidth with a 1.6 terabits per second (1.6T) optical engine, providing a seamless path for network operators to meet the relentless growth of bandwidth and increasingly dynamic, unpredictable traffic flows.
Packaged in a cross-platform digital coherent module, ICE6 combines Infinera’s sixth-generation photonic integrated circuit (PIC) with its in-house 7 nanometer (nm) FlexCoherent® digital signal processor (DSP) technology. The ICE6 PIC is available today, and will be demonstrated for the first time at the Optical Fiber Conference and Exhibition (OFC) in San Diego, California from March 5-7, 2019.
High baud rate transmissions like 800G have extremely tight tolerances in module design. With the use of revolutionary Nyquist subcarriers, deep vertical integration and mastery of indium phosphide photonics, Infinera is uniquely positioned to deliver an industry-leading 800G solution. Featuring a second-generation probabilistic constellation shaping engine, powered by 7 nm technology and a comprehensive toolkit of advanced coherent technologies, ICE6 will deliver up to 45 percent higher maximum capacity per fiber, streamlined operations and lowest total cost of ownership.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Secure Data Center Traffic
https://semiengineering.com/secure-data-center-traffic-with-high-performance-security-adapter-with-data-encryption-and-data-privacy-while-reducing-tco/
Preventing unlawful intercepts and protecting data integrity and privacy while reducing total cost of ownership.
LiquidIO®II IPsec for Data Center Security
https://www.marvell.com/documents/2paoan7qoeinnh425ug0/
Secure Data Center Traffic with High Performance Security Adapter with Data Encryption and Data Privacy while reducing TCO
Tomi Engdahl says:
Putin Signs Controversial Internet Law
https://www.securityweek.com/putin-signs-controversial-internet-law
President Vladimir Putin on Wednesday signed into law a “sovereign internet” bill which will allow Russian authorities to isolate the country’s internet, a move decried by rights groups.
Russian lawmakers insist the new law is necessary to ensure the security of Russia’s online networks but critics say the vaguely worded bill gives new censorship powers to government monitors.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Is Wireless Killing Our Wired Networks?
https://www.electronicdesign.com/industrial/wireless-killing-our-wired-networks?NL=ED-003&Issue=ED-003_20190422_ED-003_753&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_1_b&utm_rid=CPG05000002750211&utm_campaign=25014&utm_medium=email&elq2=ff177fd76ad74e37bd0a6758c5edf1dc
While wireless grabs all of the headlines, wired networks continue to reliably do their jobs. But, despite their reliability and relative ubiquity, some foresee the demise of the wired side.
The Wired World
How many times have we wired the world? The first wired network was the telegraph, circa 1850. I’m not making this up. Telegraph lines actually came before the telephone and electrical power transmission. These didn’t show up until the late 1870s through the early 1900s. All three—telegraph, telephone and electrical power businesses—eventually created massive networks and grids that remain today. The telephone system grew into a massive enterprise including fiber and DSL wiring.
But that’s not all. In the 1960s, we got community TV antenna systems that morphed into the huge cable TV networks. Today these hybrid-fiber-cable (HFC) systems cover most of the U.S. In the 1970s and later, local-area networks (LANs) began connecting millions of PCs with twisted pair.
Somewhere along the way, factories, process plants, and other industrial facilities got wired with fieldbuses like HART, Modbus, PROFINET, Ethernet, and others. Office buildings, homes and even complete cities were wired with twisted-pair Ethernet. And let’s certainly not forget the Internet and all the related fiber connecting the world. Now, wired networks have taken hold in cars, SUVs, and trucks. New vehicles have LIN, CAN, MOST, even Ethernet. What have I left out?
Given the huge wired infrastructure, you would think that the answer to the burning question is a solid “NO, wireless is not killing the wired world.”
Wireless is Winning
However, all of the most recent networking hype, development, and application seems to be wireless-related. Wi-Fi everywhere. Massive expansion of the 5G cellular network and billions of smartphones. The public switched telephone network is fading away as subscribers abandon it for cellular service only. Bluetooth cable replacement, wireless headsets and speakers, and many others. Satellite TV distribution competing with cable TV.
Then there’s the Internet of Things that’s mostly wireless with its billions of sensors. Wireless utility-meter reading. And no telling how 5G will affect things. Initially, 5G broadband wireless services will challenge the DSL operators and cable companies.
With all those wireless signals floating around, it’s amazing that the EMI hasn’t compromised at least some of those systems. It’s only going to get worse, so we should all be worried.
The Death of Wired Systems is Premature
Mark Twain is acclaimed to have said “The reports of my death are greatly exaggerated.” That’s probably the case here. When you think about it, aren’t many if not most of those wireless systems tied together to other networks with cables?
The cellular system can’t exist without all of those attendant fiber interconnects. Server interconnects in data centers use exotic cabling like Infiniband. And isn’t it wired Ethernet that ties all those Wi-Fi access points together to a server in a closet that is connected to outside fiber. Home wireless still needs that cable or DSL wiring to get internet access. Don’t all wireless networks actually have a wired connection to some other system?
Clearly, we have taken our reliable wired networks for granted. They’re considered old technology and get no recognition or appreciation. However, despite this inattention, even disrespect, wired networks continue to improve.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Top 5 trends driving passive optical LAN deployment
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2019/04/passive-optical-lan-top-5.html?cmpid=&utm_source=enl&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=cim_data_center_newsletter&utm_content=2019-04-22&eid=289644432&bid=2424856
The five trends are: the cloud, data growth, the rise of IoT, density demand, and investment protection. Here are the APOLAN’s descriptions of each.
The cloud: With most environments moving to the cloud and servers in buildings no longer commonplace, demands for software-as-a-service (SaaS) environments are increasing. A classic copper-based LAN cannot keep pace as it was designed to carry traffic between computers in a building or campus. POL environments, on the other hand, can easily accommodate this shift by reliably connecting users to their SaaS applications running in the cloud.
Data growth: The growth of 4K video is one example of how data growth is pushing the limits of traditional infrastructure. With the future predicted to bring continued growth in traditional business data use, and even greater growth in sensor data, fiber is the 21st-century media for LAN. POL enables capacity growth at a fraction of the equipment and cabling required with classic LAN architectures, which also decreases both operating expenses (opex) and capital expenses (capex).
IoT on the rise: Smart buildings are defined by sensors, devices and systems in the building connected to the LAN to operate more efficiently. However, classic LAN technology from the 20th century was never designed to support a network robust enough to stay ahead of the increasing device growth.
The density demand: Advances in WiFi like 802.11ax carry more traffic and support a large number of users and devices in a smaller area. While each user may have several connected devices and be surrounded by IoT devices, each user still expects to have fast accessibility. As the number of devices and sensors in a building increases, density will be an issue for traditional copper-based LANs.
Investment protection: POL has proven to deliver capex and opex savings beyond that of a traditional copper-based LAN. More impressive is that the investment made today will deliver benefits for decades to come. No matter what technology advancements or demands arise 30 years from now, POL will be in place to accommodate them. Copper networks, however, will not be able to withstand the test of time without significant—and costly—upgrades.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Global wires and cables market forecast to $173.5 billion at 6.2% CAGR by 2022
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2019/04/wire-cables-market-forecast-research-and-markets.html?cmpid=&utm_source=enl&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=cim_data_center_newsletter&utm_content=2019-04-22&eid=289644432&bid=2424856
According to the analyst, the global wires and cables market size reached a value of nearly $136.7 billion in 2018, having grown at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3% since 2014, and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.2% to nearly $173.5 billion by 2022.
Per a Research and Markets summary of the report: “Growth in the historic period resulted from the rise in electricity consumption, renewal of power transmission networks, growth in the automobile industry, and economic growth in emerging markets. Factors that negatively affected growth in the historic period were volatility in metal prices and regulatory challenges. Going forward, the increasing popularity of Ethernet, growing medical devices industry, and advances in communications technology will drive growth. Factors that could hinder the growth of the wires and cables market in the future are the expected reductions in free trade and rising interest rates.
“The market is segmented by product type into fiber optic cables, coaxial cables and other cables. The other cables segment which includes insulated cable wires accounted for the largest share of the wires and cables market in 2018 at 72.6% or $99.2 billion. The fiber optic cables segment is expected to be the fastest-growing segment going forward at a CAGR of 20.3%.
“The market is segmented by end-use industry into energy, industrial manufacturing, telecoms, building and construction, automotive, medical equipment and others. The energy segment accounted for the largest share of the wires and cables market in 2018 at 34% or $46.4 billion. The telecoms segment is expected to be the fastest-growing segment going forward at a CAGR of 15.9%.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Cambium unveils 802.11ac Wave 2 fixed wireless broadband products
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/pt/2019/04/cambium-unveils-802-11ac-wave-2-fixed-wireless-broadband-products.html?cmpid=&utm_source=enl&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=cim_data_center_newsletter&utm_content=2019-04-22&eid=289644432&bid=2424856
Tomi Engdahl says:
Bearing down on Ethernet: Last week’s top stories
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2019/04/bearing-down-on-ethernet-top-stories.html?cmpid=&utm_source=enl&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=cim_data_center_newsletter&utm_content=2019-04-22&eid=289644432&bid=2424856
AT&T stages global Ethernet rankings shakeup: Analyst
“Multinational customers are massively upgrading bandwidth and expanding connectivity to cloud services and data centers. Ethernet providers with extensive global fiber footprints that deeply serve strategic business hubs are capturing a large portion of this new business,”
Cloud in the crosshairs for DDOS attacks?
The size of DDoS attacks is growing at an alarming pace all around the world, with significant implications for networks operators of all sizes, from global service providers to emerging enterprises.
Tomi Engdahl says:
UNH-IOL offers physical layer analysis software for MIPI Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet conformance testing
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2019/04/unh-lol-offers-qualiphyer-physical-layer-analysis-software-tool.html?cmpid=&utm_source=enl&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=cim_data_center_newsletter&utm_content=2019-04-22&eid=289644432&bid=2424856
UNH-IOL is an independent test facility that provides interoperability and standards conformance testing for networking, telecommunications, data storage, and consumer technology products. QualiPhyer is a family of software packages used to test a product’s conformance to IEEE 802.3 and MIPI Alliance electrical and optical standards.
Tomi Engdahl says:
PLDT leverages Cisco to boost existing fiber infrastructure into software-defined, 5G-ready IP transport network
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2019/04/pldt-cisco-fiber-infra-boost-5g-software-defined-ip-transport.html?cmpid=&utm_source=enl&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=cim_data_center_newsletter&utm_content=2019-04-22&eid=289644432&bid=2424856
The Philippines’ leading digital services provider PLDT (Manila) has partnered with global technology leader Cisco (NASDAQ: CSCO) to help transform its IP transport infrastructure into a fully automated software defined 5G-ready IP transport network. Under a new partnership, PLDT and Cisco will deploy the latter’s most cutting-edge 5G technology “to design and build automated, highly reliable, highly scalable, software-defined next generation infrastructure utilizing PLDT’s existing fiber network to seamlessly deliver customized digital experiences to customers,” as stated by the companies.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Russian lawmakers have adopted the final version of new ‘Internet isolation’ legislation. Here’s how it’s supposed to work.
https://meduza.io/en/feature/2019/04/11/russian-lawmakers-have-adopted-the-final-version-of-new-internet-isolation-legislation-here-s-how-it-s-supposed-to-work
Tomi Engdahl says:
How the Internet Crossed the Sea | Nostalgia Nerd
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8q7Ayvw5kA
Isn’t it strange how millions of people on one side of the Atlantic, can instantaneously communicate with people on the other side, all at once, and with hardly any delay. Well, it’s not only strange, it’s incredible. To understand how data travels under vast oceans from one place to another, we actually have to start in the mid 1800s. This is the time when the first undersea cables were laid, and astonishingly, when the first communication took place from Europe to America. Since those first undersea telegraph cables, we’ve moved onto undersea telephone cables and more recently, onto fibre optic cables capable of carrying our beloved internet vast distances.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Putin Signs Law To Create an Independent Russian Internet
https://tech.slashdot.org/story/19/05/02/1535237/putin-signs-law-to-create-an-independent-russian-internet?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Slashdot%2Fslashdot%2Fto+%28%28Title%29Slashdot+%28rdf%29%29
Russia is one step closer to creating its own, independent internet — at least legally speaking. Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed into law new measures that would enable the creation of a national network, able to operate separately from the rest of the world, according to documents posted on a government portal this week
Putin signs law to create an independent Russian internet
https://edition.cnn.com/2019/05/01/europe/vladimir-putin-russian-independent-internet-intl/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Virtual Extensible LAN
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Extensible_LAN
Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) is a network virtualization technology that attempts to address the scalability problems associated with large cloud computing deployments. It uses a VLAN-like encapsulation technique to encapsulate OSI layer 2 Ethernet frames within layer 4 UDP datagrams, using 4789 as the default IANA-assigned destination UDP port number.[1] VXLAN endpoints, which terminate VXLAN tunnels and may be either virtual or physical switch ports, are known as VXLAN tunnel endpoints (VTEPs).[2][3]
VXLAN is an evolution of efforts to standardize on an overlay encapsulation protocol. It increases scalability up to 16 million logical networks and allows for layer 2 adjacency across IP networks. Multicast or unicast with head-end replication (HER) is used to flood broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast (BUM) traffic.
Tomi Engdahl says:
EtherChannel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EtherChannel
EtherChannel is a port link aggregation technology or port-channel architecture used primarily on Cisco switches. It allows grouping of several physical Ethernet links to create one logical Ethernet link for the purpose of providing fault-tolerance and high-speed links between switches, routers and servers. An EtherChannel can be created from between two and eight active Fast, Gigabit or 10-Gigabit Ethernet ports, with an additional one to eight inactive (failover) ports which become active as the other active ports fail. EtherChannel is primarily used in the backbone network, but can also be used to connect end user machines.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2019/05/02/kuituverkkojakin-voidaan-salakuunnella-vahva-salaus-tarpeen/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Networking over coax: evolutions in both LAN and WAN
https://www.edn.com/electronics-blogs/brians-brain/4461846/Networking-over-coax–evolutions-in-both-LAN-and-WAN-?utm_content=buffer3058b&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer
LAN first. Some of you may remember that a couple of years ago, one of my initial MoCA adapters
MoCA 2.0-based, for a theoretical per-channel MAC throughput boost from 175 Mbps to 500 Mbps (in “Turbo” mode, 400 Mbps in normal mode)
even newer MoCA 2.5 further increases this rate to 2.5 Gbps
MoCA 2.0′s bandwidth enhancements is its 2× wider RF channel vs MoCA 1.x; 100 MHz vs 50 MHz.
Now for the WAN. Although my Comcast “Performance Pro” broadband service tier originally only promised downstream bandwidth of up to 30 Mbps, periodic upgrades have it now assuring speeds up to 70 Mbps
Uploading a few dozen GBytes of raw camcorder footage takes a long time at 5 Mbps
DOCSIS 3.0-compliant cable modem with support for eight bonded downstream channels and four bonded upstream channels, translating into theoretical speeds of up to 340 Mbps (down) and 120 Mbps (up).
The CM1100, a DOCSIS 3.1-compatible modem
Netgear calls it a “Multi-Gig” modem
1 Gbit DOCSIS 3.1-compliant modems usually sell for $200 or more
March 2017, [the] SCTE/ISBE society and MoCA consortium began creating a new “standards operational practice” (SCTE 235) to provide MoCA 2.0 with Docsis 3.1 interoperability. Interoperability is necessary because both MoCA 2.0 and Docsis 3.1 may operate in the frequency range above 1 GHz.
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Vision for a more Decentralized Web
https://decentralize.today/the-vision-for-a-more-decentralized-web-1f771e21c8ef
The internet is decentralized by design. It took off with hackers running independent servers in their basements. Direct peer-to-peer communication was common among the first inhabitants of the web. The internet was a liberating force that connected and empowered people. The ability to send information instantly to any corner of the world seemed surreal and fascinating.
As more and more of the population joined, the net became more convenient. It shifted towards centralized services and walled gardens. We have waived our rights for the faster, sleeker experience which gradually turned into ad-ridden, attention-grabbing nightmare that we face today. Nowadays, the web is ruled by corporate overlords
Maybe it is still an option to swing back the pendulum and empower internet users with independence, content ownership and liberty? I believe it still can be done. And the initial deep ideas of the decentralized web can help to guide us towards this important goal.
Step 1: Liberate Content Publishing
Step 2: Empower decentralized identity
Step 3: Liberate Content Sharing
Tomi Engdahl says:
What’s the Status of Wi-Fi 6?
https://blog.paessler.com/whats-the-status-of-wi-fi-6?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=Burda-Blog-Global&utm_content=wifi6&hsa_ver=3&hsa_ad=23843619421980129&hsa_cam=23843619376610129&hsa_acc=2004489912909367&hsa_net=facebook&hsa_grp=23843619376650129&hsa_src=fb
Tomi Engdahl says:
AT&T Lights Up NB-IoT Network Across the U.S.
https://about.att.com/innovationblog/2019/04/nbiot_network_live.html
Last year, we said that we would launch our NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT) network in the U.S. by spring. I’m proud to announce today that our nationwide NB-IoT network is live!
The software upgrades at our 4G LTE cell sites across the country are now complete and our NB-IoT network is open for business. This new network will help unlock the next wave of IoT connections. And it’s a big step toward massive IoT and 5G.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Arista cats far from purring despite shifting plenty more switches in Q1
Dyspeptic hyperscalers belch: We couldn’t eat another bite for now, thanks
https://www.theregister.co.uk/2019/05/03/arista_q2/
Switch-making Cisco nemesis Arista Networks has reported a bottom line expansion in calendar Q1 financials, amid demand from hyperscale data centre operators, including Facebook – which recently unveiled a block switch developed in collaboration with Arista.
The company reported revenue of $595.4m for the three months ended 31 March, an increase of 26 per cent year-on-year, but flat when compared to the previous quarter – roughly in line with expectations.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Cisco introduces WiFi 6 access points
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2019/04/cisco-wifi6-access-points.html?cmpid=&utm_source=enl&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=cim_data_center_newsletter&utm_content=2019-05-06&eid=289644432&bid=2435950
Cisco introduced the Catalyst 9100 and Meraki MR 45/55 access points, along with the Catalyst 9600 switch, as it began rollout of its WiFi 6 portfolio. Also commonly called 802.11ax, WiFi 6 “is redefining what’s possible for businesses,” Cisco said when introducing the products on April 29, “powering a new era of immersive wireless experiences and the connecting of billions of things.”
Tomi Engdahl says:
Cabling Installation & Maintenance (CIM): On the website we just published an article from Fluke’s Mark Mullins where he states that, pretty much, for new buildings, they can’t recommend [installing] anything other than Cat 6A, but meanwhile there’s still tons of Cat 6 and Cat 5e everywhere…
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2019/04/ask-a-cisco-distinguished-engineer-part-1.html?cmpid=&utm_source=enl&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=cim_data_center_newsletter&utm_content=2019-05-06&eid=289644432&bid=2435950
Fluke Networks: Bright future awaits for Cat 6A
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2019/04/fluke-cat-6a-bright-future.html
We all know that Category 6A is considered the highest performing twisted-pair cabling that supports 10 Gig speeds, and it’s been around now for more than a decade. So, you might be surprised to learn that Category 6 (now 17 years old!) continues to dominate worldwide sales of twisted-pair copper cabling. Although declining, even Category 5e that was introduced 20 years ago maintains a significant share of the market.
But when we consider cabling standards, PoE and emerging technologies, it’s getting more difficult than ever to make a case for installing and testing anything lower than Cat 6A. And now with wireless LAN users outpacing wired LAN users and a new wave of Wi-Fi promising speeds of nearly 10 Gig, Cat 6A might just get its day.
If you look at the latest cabling standards, you won’t find any recommendations for Cat 5e or Cat 6. In fact, all current TIA standards recommend Cat 6A for all new installations—including TIA-568 generic cabling standards for commercial buildings, the TIA-4966 standard for education facilities, TIA-1179 for healthcare, TIA-862-B for intelligent buildings and so on. And the same holds true for the latest ISO/IEC standards.
With higher levels of power offered by Type 3 and Type 4 four-pair PoE, and PoE-powered devices like surveillance cameras and wireless access points now outnumbering traditional AC-powered devices, there’s yet another reason to deploy Cat 6A.
Cat 6A does a much better job at dissipating heat compared to Cat 5e and Cat 6 due to its larger gauge size. That’s why to ensure a maximum 15°C temperature rise for 100 Watt PoE
While 2.5/5GBASE-T was primarily introduced to run over the installed base of Cat 5e and Cat 6 to support Wi-Fi 5 (that is, if it passes), Wi-Fi 6 is a whole other story.
Tomi Engdahl says:
CommScope contends LAN is first line of defense in emergency
https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/pt/2019/04/commscope-contends-lan-is-first-line-of-defense-in-emergency.html?cmpid=&utm_source=enl&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=cim_data_center_newsletter&utm_content=2019-05-06&eid=289644432&bid=2435950
Depending on how you look at it, your physical layer infrastructure is your first or last line of defense during an emergency. From the structured cabling network to the multiple connected systems-like in-building wireless, building security and lighting-virtually every aspect of your building’s physical layer infrastructure plays a role in protecting lives and property.
Then there is the wide variety of devices that are connected throughout the enterprise and critical to minimizing damage in an emergency. These include video surveillance cameras, fire alarms and smoke detection sensors, access security controls, low-voltage lighting fixtures and more. All these systems rely on a very resilient cabling infrastructure—one that can both help prevent a crisis from erupting and minimize the damage should an emergency develop.
There are several steps you can take to help improve your network’s resiliency. For example, by supporting your connected devices with PoE or a powered fiber cabling system, you can help ensure critical security systems (including in-building wireless networks) remain operational even if you lose main power.
Tomi Engdahl says:
http://www.etn.fi/index.php/13-news/9436-maailman-nopein-optinen-kytkin
Tomi Engdahl says:
Slowing Down A Stock Exchange With 38 Miles Of Cable
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8BcCLLX4N4
High-frequency traders have a few tactics on stock exchanges: but simply put, they gather price information faster than anyone else, sometimes even faster than the markets themselves, and use that to make a tiny profit many, many, many times. There are all sorts of solutions: but it turns out there’s a simpler one that involves physics.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Home Networking: Cheap 8 port 10Gbit Home Network setup! (Mikrotik CRS309-1G-8S+IN)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3uXSItOyB94
A 10Gbit or 10Gbe home network has been a long goal of mine but up until now the costs associated with it have prevented me from doing so. Two new 4x (CRS305) and 8x 10Gbit (CRS309) fanless switches from Mikrotik Routerboard have changed the game and with these a 10Gbit network has now become a serious option!
Tomi Engdahl says:
Anton Shilov / AnandTech:
Marvell to acquire Aquantia for $452M; Aquantia is best known for providing Multi-Gig Ethernet controllers for PC, datacenter, and automotive markets
Marvell to Acquire Aquantia, Eying Automotive Networking Market
by Anton Shilov on May 6, 2019 2:30 PM EST
https://www.anandtech.com/show/14300/marvell-to-acquire-aquantia-eying-automotive-networking-market
Marvell on Monday announced that it had reached an agreement to buy the networking specialist firm Aquantia for $452 million. The acquisition will allow Marvell to significantly augment their current networking capabilities, with the company intending to use Aquantia’s technology in future PC, enterprise, and especially in-vehicle applications.
Tomi Engdahl says:
X-Rays Are the Next Frontier in Space Communications
https://hackaday.com/2019/05/06/x-rays-are-the-next-frontier-in-space-communications/
We need to find a way to send vast amounts of data back as quickly as possible using as few resources as possible on both ends of the communications link. Doing so may mean turning away from traditional radio communications and going way, way up the dial and developing practical means for communicating with X-rays.
The inverse-square law states that the amount of energy at the receiving end of a radio communications link is inversely proportional to the square of the distance to the transmitter. Basically, radio waves spread out from the source and at very great distances tend to diminish into the background noise. That’s why deep-space communications networks tend to have large antennas on both ends of the link, to gather and focus as much of the weak signal as possible, as well as to be able to transmit a powerful and narrowly focused beam.
In late April, NASA is sending a pallet of gear up to the ISS, and one of the experiments stashed in the cargo is meant to explore the potential for X-ray communications, or XCOM, for deep space. The Modulated X-Ray Source (MXS) is a compact X-ray transmitter that will be mounted outside the space station
Tomi Engdahl says:
Beginning Europe’s Infrastructure-to-Vehicle (I2V) Roll-Out
Infrastructure-to-vehicle communication has successfully been developed and tested/piloted in Europe. With the availability of spectrum between 5.875 and 5.905 GHz for transport safety ITS applications, the challenge now is to start regular operational roll-out.
Tomi Engdahl says:
U.S. Blocks China Mobile, Citing National Security
https://www.securityweek.com/us-blocks-china-mobile-citing-national-security
US regulators on Thursday denied a request by China Mobile to operate in the US market and provide international telecommunications services, saying links to the Chinese government pose a national security risk.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Network Two Buildings with Fiber Optic Cable
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbNXn4Eu__4
Need to extend your network to another building? Using Fiber Optic cabling is a simple and reasonably-priced method for extending the Local Area Network to another building. And, it’s a task is something that an intermediately experience IT professional should be able to handle.
Using Fiber Optic components is the most reliable way for those who want to extend my network into another building on property. Especially when those two structures are too far for copper Ethernet cabling (the limit is 100 meters or 330 feet).
Tomi Engdahl says:
12V DC FTTH & Mini Amplifier (Power)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEz66QwyJ6Q
90 dB RF Output, Active FTTH @ 0 dBm Optical Input. Can be Operated up to -8 dBm. Another one is Mini Amplifier, which will Gain up your Signals by 20 dB.
Tomi Engdahl says:
FOA Lecture 25: FTTH – Fiber To The Home
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rz1gv2JkmXQ
This lecture is about FTTH – fiber to the home, or more generally FTTx, the industry term to include fiber to the home, premises, business, curb, etc.
In this video, we discuss why FTTH is happening now, what architectures and network protocols are being used and how it is implemented.
Tomi Engdahl says:
FI
Haku
What is Ethernet?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLziLmaYsO0
Have you heard of IEEE 802.3? It has a long history and has to do with our topic today, Ethernet.
Ethernet is a communication standard that was developed in the early ’80s to network computers and other devices in a local environment such as a home or a building.
This local environment is defined as a LAN (Local Area Network) and it connects multiple devices so that they can create, store and share information with others in the location.
Tomi Engdahl says:
NGCOM.NET Principles of Key GPON Technologies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMJqdjtkl1U
GPON Technology Fundamentals Video tutorial
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PAmOVbcX8w
Tomi Engdahl says:
Usage of Default protocol https for websites
https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/ce-httpsdefault/all/all
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Town Where Wi-Fi Is Banned: The Green Bank Telescope and the Quiet Zone
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQEGPATQe5s
Tucked away in a valley in the Allegheny Mountains in West Virginia, is this: the Green Bank Radio Telescope, the largest steerable radio telescope in the world. And there are some rather special rules for the area around it…