ARM’s Zach Shelby introduced the use of microcontrollers for machine learning and artificial intelligence at the ECF19 event in Helsinki on last Friday. The talk showed that that artificial intelligence and machine learning can be applied to small embedded devices in addition to the cloud-based model. In particular, artificial intelligence is well suited to the devices of the Internet of Things. The use of machine learning in IoT is also sensible from an energy efficiency point of view if unnecessary power-consuming communication can be avoided (for example local keyword detection before sending voice data to cloud more more detailed analysis).
According to Shelby , we are now moving to a third wave of IoT that comes with comprehensive equipment security and voice control. In this model, machine learning techniques are one new application that can be added to previous work done on IoT.
In order to successfully use machine learning in small embedded devices, the problem to be solved is that it has reasonably little incoming information and a very limited number of possible outcomes. ARM Cortex M4 processor equipped with a DSP unit is powerful enough for simple hand writing decoding or detecting few spoken words with machine learning model. In examples the used machine learning models needed less than 100 kilobytes of memory.
The presentation can be now viewed on YouTube:
Important tools and projects mentioned on the presentation:
uTensor (ARM MicroTensor)
Articles on presentation:
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2019/05/20/ecf19-koneoppiminen-mahtuu-mikro-ohjaimeen/
http://www.etn.fi/index.php/72-ecf/9495-koneoppiminen-mullistaa-sulautetun-tekniikan
420 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blog.arduino.cc/2022/04/21/train-yourself-to-avoid-using-filler-words-with-the-tinyml-powered-mind-the-uuh-device/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2022/05/10/this-golf-club-uses-machine-learning-to-perfect-your-swing/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blog.arduino.cc/2022/05/09/golf-ace-helps-you-learn-how-to-putt-like-the-pros-using-tinyml/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Level Up Your AI Skillset and Dive Into The Deep End Of TinyML
https://makezine.com/2022/05/16/level-up-your-ai-skillset-and-dive-iinto-the-deep-eend-of-tinyml/
Tomi Engdahl says:
During this recent tinyML Foundation Talk, Manivannan Sivan explored the potential of embedded ML in Industry 4.0. His approach to predictive maintenance employs the Portenta H7 and Edge Impulse models to detect anomalous operation in industrial equipment like pumps, valves, and fans.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4K3D5Ano8VA
Tomi Engdahl says:
EdenOff is a Nano 33 BLE Sense-based device that can be placed inside of a wall outlet to predict power outages using a tinyML model.
This Arduino device can anticipate power outages with tinyML
https://blog.arduino.cc/2022/05/24/this-arduino-device-can-anticipate-power-outages-with-tinyml/
Bandini then deployed this model to a DIY setup by first connecting a Nano 33 BLE Sense with its onboard temperature sensor to an external ZMPT101B voltage sensor. Users can view the device in operation with its seven-segment display and hear the buzzer if a failure is detected. Lastly, the entire package is portable thanks to its LiPo battery and micro-USB charging circuitry.
https://studio.edgeimpulse.com/public/90995/latest
Tomi Engdahl says:
Run Machine Learning Code in an Embedded IoT Node to Easily Identify Objects
https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/run-machine-learning-code-in-an-embedded-iot-node?dclid=CLy-84zUhvgCFZdNwgodJbAMmw
Internet of Things (IoT) networks operating in dynamic environments are being expanded beyond object detection to include visual object identification in applications such as security, environmental monitoring, safety, and Industrial IoT (IIoT). As object identification is adaptive and involves using machine learning (ML) models, it is a complex field that can be difficult to learn from scratch and implement efficiently.
The difficulty stems from the fact that an ML model is only as good as its data set, and once the correct data is acquired, the system must be properly trained to act upon it in order to be practical.
This article will show developers how to implement Google’s TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers ML model into a Microchip Technology microcontroller. It will then explain how to use the image classification and object detection learning data sets with TensorFlow Lite to easily identify objects with a minimum of custom coding.
It will then introduce a TensorFlow Lite ML starter kit from Adafruit Industries that can familiarize developers with the basics of ML.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Predictive Maintenance Of Compressor Water Pumps
https://hackaday.io/project/185930-predictive-maintenance-of-compressor-water-pumps
Applying sensor fusion with RSL10 and Bosch sensors to run a TinyML model for predictive maintenance of compressor water pumps.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Tic-Tac-Toe Game with TinyML-based Digit Recogniti
https://hackaday.io/project/185957-tic-tac-toe-game-with-tinyml-based-digit-recogniti
Play Tic-Tac-Toe (also known as Xs and Os) using handwritten digits recognized with the help of TinyML techniques.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Edging Ahead When Learning On The Edge
https://hackaday.com/2022/06/21/edging-ahead-when-learning-on-the-edge/
“With the power of edge AI in the palm of your hand, your business will be unstoppable.”
That’s what the marketing seems to read like for artificial intelligence companies. Everyone seems to have cloud-scale AI-powered business intelligence analytics at the edge. While sounding impressive, we’re not convinced that marketing mumbo jumbo means anything. But what does AI on edge devices look like these days?
Tomi Engdahl says:
Machine Learning Does Its Civic Duty By Spotting Roadside Litter
https://hackaday.com/2022/06/22/machine-learning-does-its-civic-duty-by-spotting-roadside-litter/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2022/06/21/edging-ahead-when-learning-on-the-edge/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blog.arduino.cc/2022/07/02/arduin-row-uses-tinyml-to-improve-your-rowing-technique/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.hackster.io/news/infineon-s-smart-alarm-system-puts-machine-learning-to-bear-on-breaking-glass-and-other-triggers-8a94a9f270a5
Tomi Engdahl says:
This device predicts when a refrigerator might fail using embedded ML
https://blog.arduino.cc/2022/07/04/this-device-predicts-when-a-refrigerator-might-fail-using-embedded-ml/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2022/07/06/tensorflow-lite-on-a-commodore-64/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Detecting harmful gases with a single sensor and tinyML
https://blog.arduino.cc/2022/07/11/detecting-harmful-gases-with-a-single-sensor-and-tinyml/
Experiencing a chemical and/or gas leak can be potentially life-threatening to both people and the surrounding environment, which is why detecting them as quickly as possible is vital. But instead of relying on simple thresholds, Roni Bandini was able to come up with a system that can spot custom leaks by recognizing subtle changes in gas level values through machine learning.
Tomi Engdahl says:
SparkFun Launches Arducam Pico4ML-Powered Machine Learning and AI Concept Kit
New kit is designed to introduce core concepts while building practical projects using TensorFlow Lite and Edge Impulse Studio.
https://www.hackster.io/news/sparkfun-launches-arducam-pico4ml-powered-machine-learning-and-ai-concept-kit-6c52884fab7d
Tomi Engdahl says:
Run Machine Learning Code in an Embedded IoT Node to Easily Identify Objects
https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/run-machine-learning-code-in-an-embedded-iot-node?dclid=CLyEmcbQwPkCFQbTGQodgJwPDw
To run TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers, Microchip Technology is targeting machine learning in microcontrollers with the Arm® Cortex®-M4F-based ATSAMD51J19A-AFT microcontroller (Figure 1). It has 512 Kbytes of flash memory with 192 Kbytes of SRAM memory and runs at 120 megahertz (MHz). The ATSAMD51J19A-AFT is part of the Microchip Technology ATSAMD51 ML microcontroller family. It is compliant with automotive AEC-Q100 Grade 1 quality standards and operates over -40°C to +125°C, making it applicable for the harshest IoT and IIoT environments. It is a low-voltage microcontroller and operates from 1.71 to 3.63 volts when running at 120 MHz.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Seeed Studio Launches Tiny Edge AI Grove Vision AI Module, Promises Edge Impulse Support to Come
Designed around an Omnivision camera sensor and a Himax low-power tinyML processor, this compact board runs machine learning on-device.
https://www.hackster.io/news/seeed-studio-launches-tiny-edge-ai-grove-vision-ai-module-promises-edge-impulse-support-to-come-17115f3bddf0
Tomi Engdahl says:
This proof of concept pen can recognize letters written in thin air using an Edge Impulse tinyML model on the Nano RP2040 Connect.
Air-writing TinyML Alphabet Recognition
A proof-of-concept project to recognize air-written alphabet, using Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect run with Edge Impulse tinyML model.
https://www.hackster.io/JuanYi/air-writing-tinyml-alphabet-recognition-12640b
Tomi Engdahl says:
“But combining tinyML and Arduino hardware can potentially provide very low-cost embedded AI solutions.”
New Uses For AI In Chips
https://semiengineering.com/new-uses-for-ai-in-chips/
ML/DL is increasing design complexity at the edge, but it’s also adding new options for improving power and performance
Tomi Engdahl says:
TinyMaix is a lightweight machine learning library for microcontrollers
https://www.cnx-software.com/2022/08/17/tinymaix-lightweight-machine-learning-library-for-microcontrollers/
Sipeed TinyMaix open-source machine learning library is designed for microcontrollers, and lightweight enough to run on a Microchip ATmega328 MCU found in the Arduino UNO board and its many clones.
Developed during a weekend hackathon, the core code of TinyMax is about 400 lines long, with a binary size of about 3KB, and low RAM usage, enabling it to run the MNIST handwritten digit classification on an ATmega320 MCU with just 2KB SRAM and 32KB flash.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Voice controlled AI Mood Lamp
Give your microcontroller the ability to hear you and set the right mood lighting.
https://www.hackster.io/mcmchris/voice-controlled-ai-mood-lamp-5917ca
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.mouser.com/empowering-innovation/more-topics/ai?utm_source=endeavor&utm_medium=display&utm_campaign=ed-personifai-eit-ai-
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Infineon Technologies AG team added the power of ML to their TLE493D-W2B6 3D magnetic sensor-based joystick to bring your gaming experience to the next level.
https://www.hackster.io/Infineon_Team/ai-powered-joystick-907a1f
Tomi Engdahl says:
Using CircuitPython, this compact machine learning project takes camera input and looks for digits to classify.
Ashish Patil’s TinyML Raspberry Pi Pico Project Handles Handwritten Digit Recognition On-Device
https://www.hackster.io/news/ashish-patil-s-tinyml-raspberry-pi-pico-project-handles-handwritten-digit-recognition-on-device-d22373eee680
Using CircuitPython, this compact machine learning project takes camera input and looks for digits to classify.
Software developer Ashish Patil has put together a step-by-step guide to computer vision work on the Raspberry Pi Pico, processing the image from a camera sensor to recognize handwritten digits.
“[This is] a project using Raspberry Pi Pico, an [Omnivision] OV7670 camera module, a 120×160 TFT LCD display, and machine learning” Patil explains of his creation, “to build a portable handwritten digit classification system. [It] analyzes photos received from a camera and tries to infer what digit was present in the image.”
Tomi Engdahl says:
Thanks to tinyML on the Nano 33 BLE Sense, Tauno Erik’s artwork can recognize and respond whenever someone takes a picture of it with their phone.
This piece of art knows when it’s being photographed thanks to tinyML
https://blog.arduino.cc/2022/09/09/this-piece-of-art-knows-when-its-being-photographed-thanks-to-tinyml/
Nearly all art functions in just a single direction by allowing the viewer to admire its beauty, creativity, and construction. But Estonian artist Tauno Erik has done something a bit different thanks to embedded hardware and the power of tinyML. His work is able to actively respond to a person whenever they bring up a cell phone to take a picture of it.
At the center are four primary circuits/components, which include a large speaker, an abstract LED sculpture, an old Soviet-style doorbell board, and a PCB housing the control electronics. The circuit contains an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense along with an OV7670 camera module
Tauno then trained a machine learning model with the help of Edge Impulse on almost 700 images that were labeled as human-containing, cell phone, or everything else/indeterminate.
With the model trained and deployed to the Nano 33 BLE Sense, a program was written that grabs a frame from the camera, converts its color space to 24-bit RGB, and sends it to the model for inferencing. The resulting label can then be used to activate the connected doorbell and play various animations on the LED sculpture.
https://taunoerik.art/2022/09/04/artwork-that-knows-when-you-are-taking-a-picture-of-it/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blog.arduino.cc/2022/09/07/detecting-and-tracking-worker-falls-with-embedded-ml/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Controlling a bionic hand with tinyML keyword spotting
https://blog.arduino.cc/2022/08/31/controlling-a-bionic-hand-with-tinyml-keyword-spotting/
Tomi Engdahl says:
DeepPicarMicro Crams NVIDIA’s PilotNet Autonomous Vehicle Neural Network Into a Raspberry Pi Pico
Clever optimization approaches take a CNN model designed for high-end GPUs and run it on the low-cost RP2040.
https://www.hackster.io/news/deeppicarmicro-crams-nvidia-s-pilotnet-autonomous-vehicle-neural-network-into-a-raspberry-pi-pico-2a0b8a38e18e
trio of scientists from the University of Kansas have published a paper on DeepPicarMicro, an autonomous vehicle testbed, which crams a fully-functional convolutional neural network (CNN) onto a Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller board.
“Running deep neural networks (DNNs) on tiny Microcontroller Units (MCUs) is challenging due to their limitations in computing, memory, and storage capacity,” the team admits. “Fortunately, recent advances in both MCU hardware and machine learning software frameworks make it possible to run fairly complex neural networks on modern MCUs, resulting in a new field of study widely known as tinyML. However, there have been few studies to show the potential for tinyML applications in cyber physical systems (CPS).”
Tomi Engdahl says:
Based on a Nano 33 BLE Sense, this small tracker uses machine learning to monitor packages in transit for improper handling.
tinyML device monitors packages for damage while in transit
https://blog.arduino.cc/2022/09/10/this-tinyml-device-monitors-packages-for-damage-while-in-transit/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Designed to improve safety in the workplace, this machine learning system is capable of detecting and reporting falls so that help can be dispatched without delay.
Early detection of workers falls with Machine Learning
https://www.hackster.io/roni-bandini/early-detection-of-workers-falls-with-machine-learning-c3502c
Fall detection prototype with Arduino clients, Raspberry Pi server and Machine Learning.
Tomi Engdahl says:
DeepPicarMicro Crams NVIDIA’s PilotNet Autonomous Vehicle Neural Network Into a Raspberry Pi Pico
Clever optimization approaches take a CNN model designed for high-end GPUs and run it on the low-cost RP2040.
https://www.hackster.io/news/deeppicarmicro-crams-nvidia-s-pilotnet-autonomous-vehicle-neural-network-into-a-raspberry-pi-pico-2a0b8a38e18e
Tomi Engdahl says:
Count elevator passengers with the Nicla Vision and Edge Impulse
https://blog.arduino.cc/2022/09/27/count-elevator-passengers-with-the-nicla-vision-and-edge-impulse/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Making Perfect Toast with an AI Nose
Shawn Hymel took advantage of machine learning to build a toaster that always makes perfect toast.
https://www.hackster.io/news/making-perfect-toast-with-an-ai-nose-78e1ccc2626e
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blog.arduino.cc/2022/10/06/this-tinyml-powered-baby-swing-automatically-starts-when-crying-is-detected/
Tomi Engdahl says:
IoT AI-driven Tree Disease Identifier w/ MMS
https://hackaday.io/project/187720-iot-ai-driven-tree-disease-identifier-w-mms
Detect tree diseases and get informed of the results via MMS to prevent them from spreading and harming forests, farms, and arable lands.
Tomi Engdahl says:
POLYN’s Upcoming NASP Neuromorphic TinyML Chips Get Voice Extraction Capabilities with NeuroVoice
Drawing just 100µW of power and small enough for in-ear earbud use, this tinyML chip family can pull clear speech from the noisiest feeds.
https://www.hackster.io/news/polyn-s-upcoming-nasp-neuromorphic-tinyml-chips-get-voice-extraction-capabilities-with-neurovoice-651e76456218
Tomi Engdahl says:
Smart Bee Design’s Bee Motion S3 Is a Neat, All-in-One IoT Motion Sensor with STEMMA QT Expansion
Designed for long-term operation on battery power, this compact board packs a tinyML-capable dual-core processor and PIR sensor.
https://www.hackster.io/news/smart-bee-design-s-bee-motion-s3-is-a-neat-all-in-one-iot-motion-sensor-with-stemma-qt-expansion-4746dbad31ec
Tomi Engdahl says:
Arduino and K-Way, with the support of Edge Impulse, team up for a new idea of smart clothing
https://blog.arduino.cc/2022/10/10/arduino-and-k-way-with-the-support-of-edge-impulse-team-up-for-a-new-idea-of-smart-clothing/
Tomi Engdahl says:
MIT boffins cram ML training into microcontroller memory
Neat algorithmic trick squeezing into 256KB of RAM, barely enough for inference let alone teaching
https://www.theregister.com/2022/10/05/microcontroller_ml_training/
Researchers claim to have developed techniques to enable the training of a machine learning model using less than a quarter of a megabyte of memory, making it suitable for operation in microcontrollers and other edge hardware with limited resources.
The researchers at MIT and the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab say they have found “algorithmic solutions” that make the training process more efficient and less memory-intensive.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Power outages anticipation device ready for Maker Faire Rome © MIT
Edenoff, a TinyML Arduino device was modified for secure and interactive demos at Maker Faire Rome 2022
https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/roni-bandini/power-outages-anticipation-device-ready-for-maker-faire-rome-277e05
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blogs.sap.com/2022/09/28/automated-yard-check-in-processes-using-tinyml-part-1-of-2/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Seeed Studio’s SenseCAP A1101 Aims at a 10-Minute Start for Industrial-Grade TinyML Computer Vision
https://www.hackster.io/news/seeed-studio-s-sensecap-a1101-aims-at-a-10-minute-start-for-industrial-grade-tinyml-computer-vision-e1befa89e7d7
Part of the company’s industrial-grade SenseCAP family, the A1101 aims for ultra-low-power on-device computer vision with LoRaWAN support.
Tomi Engdahl says:
This bike suspension system uses tinyML to automatically adjust itself in real-time depending on the terrain.
Smart Bike Suspension © GPL3+
https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/jallsonsuryo/smart-bike-suspension-7da023
An automatic suspension adjustment on a bicycle that able to understand the character of the terrain and the activities of the rider.
Tomi Engdahl says:
TinyRL is a framework for developing reinforcement learning algorithms capable of running on resource-constrained hardware platforms.
Teaching the Littlest Learners
https://www.hackster.io/news/teaching-the-littlest-learners-84722d261b1d
TinyRL is a framework for developing reinforcement learning algorithms capable of running on resource-constrained hardware platforms.
TinyML is getting a lot of attention lately because it allows for the development of very small, low-power machine learning models that can be deployed on resource-constrained devices. By eliminating the large computational and energy requirements of traditional machine learning models that run in the cloud, costs can be slashed dramatically, and issues related to data privacy and latency can also be sidestepped. This opens up a wide range of intelligent algorithms to be used in countless additional use cases.
The software component of this problem is being attacked from many fronts — TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers and the Edge Impulse machine learning development platform, for example, produce highly optimized models that can run on very small hardware platforms. A team centered at Newcastle University has recently thrown their hat in the ring with a technique designed to make one particular type of algorithm easier to deploy to resource-constrained devices — reinforcement learning. Reinforcement learning is in many ways especially difficult to bring to tiny hardware platforms because not only does the algorithm need to run inferences, but it also needs to continually learn and adapt itself to new situations by collecting data over time. The framework, called TinyRL, was demonstrated using several common, low-power microcontroller development boards.
In a nutshell, TinyRL works by first running the initial algorithm training process on a computing platform with sufficient resources to run high-level programming environments to streamline the development process. In most cases, a Raspberry Pi single-board computer would suffice for this purpose. Keeping in mind that the ultimate destination for these algorithms is a microcontroller, the team chose to focus on using Q-Learning.
TinyRL was evaluated with the help of a virtual environment called the OpenAI Gym. The Cart Pole and Mountain Car virtual environments from the classic control group were selected. The learning process was carried out on a computer with an Intel i7 processor and 16GB of RAM, then the Q-arrays were transferred to a number of different platforms with the help of the Arduino IDE. The NUCLEO-L031K6, NUCLEO-L432KC, Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense, Raspberry Pi Pico, and ESP32-CAM-MB boards were all evaluated.
The slowest algorithm run time on any platform was 261 microseconds, and the best result clocked in at 2 microseconds.
The researchers were able to prove that TinyRL is an effective method for implementing reinforcement learning algorithms on resource-constrained platforms.
Tomi Engdahl says:
The MinUn TinyML Framework Squeezes Machine Learning Models Onto Resource-Light Microcontrollers
The first “holistic” machine learning framework, MinUn aims to beat TensorFlow Lite and others on size and accuracy.
https://www.hackster.io/news/the-minun-tinyml-framework-squeezes-machine-learning-models-onto-resource-light-microcontrollers-07d581406e4c
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/14231-uusi-yritys-istuttaa-tekoaelyn-suoraan-anturiin
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://github.com/usefulsensors/person_sensor_docs/blob/main/README.md