Here are some 5G trends for year 2020:
It looked like 5G and wireless dominated the airways in 2019. It seems that year 2020 will be a real test for 5G if it will really take on or fails to full-fill the big expectations. It seems that 5G networks are available at some place here and there from many operators, but 5G end user devices are not yet widely available or desired. New year will bring more 5G base stations.
5G: How Much is Real vs. Marketing? Is 5G ready for prime time? Breaking down the marketing hype versus what’s really going on in the industry. Marketing claims 5G is pervasive. The question is when: 2020 or is it 2025?
First, let’s define 5G also known as 5G New Radio, or 5G NR:
There is sub-6-GHz 5G for the cellphone protocol that requires LTE: 5G NSA.
There is sub-6-GHz standalone 5G: 5G SA.
There is 20- to 60-GHz 5G: 5G mmWave.
It seems that 2020 will be the real test for 5G devices as the 5G device mass market has not yet really started. Samsung says it shipped 6.7M+ Galaxy 5G phones globally in 2019, accounting for 53.9% of the 5G phone market (Galaxy S10 5G and the Galaxy Note 10 Plus 5G). 2020 is expected to be an interesting year for 5G growth across the smartphone market. Increased 5G rollouts by carriers means that customers will presumably be more interested in actually buying 5G devices. One June 2019 forecast made by Canalys has global 5G smartphone shipments crossing 4G smartphone shipments in 2023.
5G will be integrated to some PCs. Dell debuts a new Latitude 9510 laptop with built-in 5G, to launch March 26.
Ericsson says they are now 5G networks leader according to Ericsson ylitti odotukset kirkkaasti: ”Olemme 5g-johtaja” article. Nokia has cut its outlook for this year and next because of the need to step up its investments in 5G but ‘We don’t have a 5G problem,’ says Nokia’s head of software.
5G will be a good growing market for test device manufacturers as engineers will once again need to sharpen their skill sets and adopt new design and testing techniques. A lot of 5G Component Characterization and Test will be needed.Delivering 5G Devices to Market Will Bank on OTA Testing.
Network side needs also testing equipment. One approach being adopted to gain ground in the race to 5G involves the rapid prototyping and testing of network architectures. There is need for programmable RF devices. Industry seems to want their own private networks.
5G components are available from many sources already. The typical RF component suppliers are all providing 5G solutions: Avago/Broadcom, Huawei, MediaTek, Murata/pSemi (previously known as Peregrine), Qualcomm, Qorvo, Samsung, and Skyworks.
Challenges: Even the sub-6-GHz versions have technical issues in that the 5G target “air time” latency is 1 to 4 ms. Typical RF component manufacturers appear to be providing components that focus only on the sub-6-GHz frequency bands. The geopolitical situation relative to 5G also adds confusion to the 5G timeline.
There are many technical issues must be considered in the utilization of mmWave: mmWave frequencies travel relatively small distances. the mmWave transmitters consume a considerable amount of transmit power, providing additional challenges for battery-operated devices.
5G in automotive: The automobile industry is experiencing exponential growth of self-driving features, and this trend is expected to continue. 5G network connections are expected to have a major influence on the development of self-driving cars making them faster, smarter, and safer. Where is car technology going in 2020?
As 5G work has started for many installers and marketers, the the researchers are already thinking about the nest step Beyond 5G chips. They are already planning technologies that could enable high-speed wireless devices beyond the 5G standard.
1,540 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
Telia kiihdytti uusilla 5G-taajuuksilla 4,1 gigabittiin
https://etn.fi/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12013&via=n&datum=2021-04-14_15:33:36&mottagare=30929
Tomi Engdahl says:
Telia kiihdytti uusilla 5G-taajuuksilla 4,1 gigabittiin
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12013-telia-kiihdytti-uusilla-5g-taajuuksilla-4-1-gigabittiin
Telia kertoi tänään edistymisestään 5G-verkon rakentamisessa. Yhtiö sanoo jo pilotoivansa kentällä uusia 26 gigahertsin 5G-yhteyksiä. Itä-Helsingissä toimivan tukiaseman alueella mitattiin jopa 4,1 gigabitin datanopeuksia.
25,1-27,5 gigahertsin välinen taajuusalue huutokaupattiin viime kesänä. Jokainen kolmesta operaattorista sai käyttöönsä 800 megahertsin siivun millimetritaajuuksia.
Telian 5G-ohjelmajohtaja Janne Koistisen mukaan pilotissa on pästy päätelaitteesta verkkoon päin yli 200 megabitin datanopeuksiin. Viive putoaa selvästi alle 10 millisekuntiin. Tällä hetkellä viive operaattorien 5G-verkoissa on luokkaa 10-15 millisekuntia.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Merkittävä läpimurto avoimissa 5G-verkoissa
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12015-merkittava-lapimurto-avoimissa-5g-verkoissa
Suomessa on jo yli kahden vuoden ajan ollut käytettävissä 5G-yhteyksiä, mutta kyse on ollut ensimmäisen polven NSA. eli non-standalone -verkoista. Telia pilotoi jo toisen polven 5G.tä eli SA-verkkoja yritysasiakkaiden kanssa. Verkkojen avaamisen aikataulua operaattori ei vielä kerro.
Telian 5G-ohjelmajohtaja Janne Koistinen kertoo, että NSA- ja SA-verkkoja tullaan ajamaan rinnan. Kyse on kuitenkin monin tavoin eri ratkaisuista. SA-verkoissa kaikki data kulkee 5G-verkon yli. Tästä seuraa monia etuja.
- Esimerkiksi kännykän akunkäyttö pienenee, kun se on kiinni vain 5G-verkossa, Koistinen sanoo. Toinen tärkeä ominaisuus on lyhyt viive. Tai viiveettömyys, oikeastaan.
- Huippupikajuoksija reagoi 10 millisekunnissa lähtölaukaukseen. Samoin huippurumpali huomaa, jos bändin ajoitus on 20 millisekuntia pielessä. Mobiilikäytössä SA poistaa ihmisen havaittavissa olevan viiveen, Koistinen kuvaa.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Todellinen 5G lupaa paljon: jopa kännykän akku jaksaa pidempään
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12014-todellinen-5g-lupaa-paljon-jopa-kannykan-akku-jaksaa-pidempaan
Suomessa on jo yli kahden vuoden ajan ollut käytettävissä 5G-yhteyksiä, mutta kyse on ollut ensimmäisen polven NSA. eli non-standalone -verkoista. Telia pilotoi jo toisen polven 5G.tä eli SA-verkkoja yritysasiakkaiden kanssa. Verkkojen avaamisen aikataulua operaattori ei vielä kerro.
Telian 5G-ohjelmajohtaja Janne Koistinen kertoo, että NSA- ja SA-verkkoja tullaan ajamaan rinnan. Kyse on kuitenkin monin tavoin eri ratkaisuista. SA-verkoissa kaikki data kulkee 5G-verkon yli. Tästä seuraa monia etuja.
- Esimerkiksi kännykän akunkäyttö pienenee, kun se on kiinni vain 5G-verkossa, Koistinen sanoo. Toinen tärkeä ominaisuus on lyhyt viive. Tai viiveettömyys, oikeastaan.
- Huippupikajuoksija reagoi 10 millisekunnissa lähtölaukaukseen. Samoin huippurumpali huomaa, jos bändin ajoitus on 20 millisekuntia pielessä. Mobiilikäytössä SA poistaa ihmisen havaittavissa olevan viiveen, Koistinen kuvaa.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Merkittävä läpimurto avoimissa 5G-verkoissa
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12015-merkittava-lapimurto-avoimissa-5g-verkoissa
O-RAN on tekniikka, joka puhuttaa nyt maailman operaattoreita. Avoin arkkitehtuuri, johon voi valita laitteita eri valmistajilta omien tarpeiden ja tavoitteiden mukaan. Nyt Mavenir ja Xilinx kertovat merkittävästä läpimurrosta O-RAN-verkkojen mMIMO-ominaisuuksissa.
Massiivinen MIMO viittaa tekniikkaan, jossa verkon kapasiteettia nostetaan lähetys- ja vastaanottokanavien määrää kasvattamalla. Tällä hetkellä tärkeä tavoite on 64 antennia molempiin suuntiin sisältävä radio. Sellaisen erittäin kustannustehokkaan ratkaisun sanoo kehittäneensä esimerkiksi Ericsson omien prosessoriensa avulla.
O-RAN-tekniikan yhdeksi kompastuskiveksi on mainittu juuri se, ettei siinä pystytä kisaamaan ns. perinteisten laitetoimittajien mMIMO-ratkaisujen kanssa. Teleohjelmistoja kehittävä Mavenir ja FPGA-yritys Xilinx näyttävät todistavat väitteet vääriksi.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Lisää tarkkuutta pienen kammion mMIMO-testaamiseen
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12016-lisaa-tarkkuutta-pienen-kammion-mmimo-testaamiseen
Tyypillisesti mMIMO-tukiaseman antenniryhmiä testataan suurissa, halkaisijaltaan jopa 10-metrisissä kammioissa. Rohde & Schwarzilla on tähän kompaktimpi ratkaisu. Nyt tämän PWC200-muuntimen tarkkuutta on paranneltu uudella kalibrointimenetelmällä. PWC200 perustuu vaiheistettuun antenniryhmään, joka koostuu 156 laajakaistaisesta Vivaldi-antennista. Laitteisto on tarkoitettu mMIMO-tukiasemien säteilytehon ja vastaanottimien mittauksiin kaiuttomassa testikammioympäristössä.
Signaalien OTA-mittaaminen edellyttää, että antennista lähetettyjen signaaliaaltojen on oltava tasossa lähestyttäessä testattavaa laitetta. Tämä ns. hiljainen alue (quiet zone) voidaan saavuttaa antennin ja testattavan laitteen välisellä suurella etäisyydellä, mikä johtaa suuriin ja kalliisiin kammioihin. Rohde & Schwarzilla on vahva OTA-testausratkaisu, joka on suunniteltu vastaamaan näihin haasteisiin.
Nyt yritys on tuonut R&S PWC200 -tasomuuntajaan ohjelmistopäivityksen, joka lisää mittaustarkkuutta ja parantaa käytettävyyttä uuden kalibrointimenetelmän ansiosta.
Päivitys parantaa OTA-testausta FR1-taajuusalueella eli alle 7 gigahertsin taajuuksilla. Näin päivitys kattaa käytännössä kaikki muut 5G-taajuudet kuin millimetritaajuudet.
R&S®PWC200 Plane Wave Converter
For 5G massive MIMO base station testing
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/fi/product/pwc200-productstartpage_63493-533696.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
Atlantik Elektronik: toisen polven 5G-reititin autoon
https://etn.fi/index.php/new-products/12017-atlantik-elektronik-toisen-polven-5g-reititin-autoon
Tomi Engdahl says:
Telia saavutti 26 gigahertsillä neljän gigabitin nopeuden
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2021/04/14/telia-saavutti-26-gigahertsilla-neljan-gigabitin-nopeuden/
Suomen 5G-rakentamisen seuraava virstanpylväs on jo saavutettu. Telia on ottanut käyttöön ensimmäiset 5G-tukiasemat 26 gigahertsin taajuudella ja saavuttanut neljän gigabitin siirtonopeuden. Telia on käynnistänyt myös 5G-verkon laajennukset 700 megahertsin taajuudella.
Tuoreet mittaustulokset kertovat korkeammalla taajuudella toimivan 5G-tekniikan suorituskyvystä: Itä-Helsingissä toimivan tukiaseman alueella on mitattu 4,1 Gbit/s:n latausnopeuksia. Vauhti verkon suuntaan on 200 Mbit/s, ja verkon viive putoaa selvästi alle kymmeneen millisekuntiin.
26 gigahertsin taajuudella rakennettava 5G tuo monella tavalla uudenlaista tekniikkaa mobiiliverkkoon siinä missä tähän asti rakennettu 3,5 gigahertsin taajuus parantaa perinteisen mobiililaajakaistan ominaisuuksia.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Suomen 5G-rakentamisen seuraava virstanpylväs on jo saavutettu. Telia on ottanut käyttöön ensimmäiset 5G-tukiasemat 26 gigahertsin taajuudella ja saavuttanut neljän gigabitin siirtonopeuden. Telia on käynnistänyt myös 5G-verkon laajennukset 700 megahertsin taajuudella.
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2021/04/14/telia-saavutti-26-gigahertsilla-neljan-gigabitin-nopeuden/
Tuoreet mittaustulokset kertovat korkeammalla taajuudella toimivan 5G-tekniikan suorituskyvystä: Itä-Helsingissä toimivan tukiaseman alueella on mitattu 4,1 Gbit/s:n latausnopeuksia. Vauhti verkon suuntaan on 200 Mbit/s, ja verkon viive putoaa selvästi alle kymmeneen millisekuntiin.
”5G alkaa nyt lunastaa niitä vallankumouksellisia lupauksia, joita sille on asetettu. Tuoreimmat nopeusmittaukset lähestyvät kumppanimme Nokian verkoissa kirjattuja maailmanennätystuloksia, ja nyt mitataan nopeuksia normaalissa, jokapäiväisessä käytössä olevassa verkossa’’, kertoo Telian 5G-ohjelman vetäjä Janne Koistinen.
Taustaa: 5G-taajuudet
3,5 GHz – Ensimmäisenä käyttöönotettu, laajimmalle levinnyt 5G-taajuus. Verkko on 4G:tä nopeampi ja se tuo lisää kapasiteettia koko ajan kasvavaan mobiilinetin käyttöön. Maksiminopeudet ovat nyt 1,3 Gbit/s.
26 GHz – Korkeampi millimetritaajuus. Nopeudet jo nyt yli 4 Gbit/s. Alhainen viive ja runsaasti enemmän kapasiteettia. Tukiaseman peittoalue on pieni ja teho alhainen. Kaupallisia päätelaitteita ei ole vielä myynnissä.
700 MHz – Tarjoaa laajaa maantieteellistä peittoa. Nopeudet enimmillään 600 Mbit/s. Taajuus soveltuu haja-asutusalueiden peiton rakentamiseen.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12027-konecranesin-tehtaalle-toisen-polven-5g-privaattiverkko
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2021/04/20/suomalaispuusta-radiolinsseja-6g-verkkoihin/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Kiinassa on pian miljoona 5G-tukiasemaa
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12038-kiinassa-on-pian-miljoona-5g-tukiasemaa
Kiinalaisoperaattorit olivat helmikuun lopulla ottaneet käyttöön jo 792 000 5G-tukiasemaa, kertovat maan lehdet. Tämä kuvaa hyvin maan 5G-markkinoiden kokoa. Esimerkiksi Suomessa Telialla on 5G-peiton kokonaan valmistuessa alle 10 000 tukiasemaa.
Kiinan informaatiotekniikan ministerin Liu Liehongin mukaan maassa on nyt 260 miljoonaa 5G-käyttäjää. Toisen polven 5G-verkot eli ns. standalone-verkot kattavat nekin jo kaikki suuret kaupunkiseudut.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Open RAN has become a seemingly inevitable development in wireless that has both operators and vendors racing to adapt.
The Cellular Industry’s Clash Over the Movement to Remake Networks
https://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/the-cellular-industrys-clash-over-the-movement-to-remake-networks
We’ve all been told that 5G wireless is going to deliver amazing capabilities and services. But it won’t come cheap. When all is said and done, 5G will cost almost US $1 trillion to deploy over the next half decade. That enormous expense will be borne mostly by network operators, companies like AT&T, China Mobile, Deutsche Telekom, Vodafone, and dozens more around the world that provide cellular service to their customers. Facing such an immense cost, these operators asked a very reasonable question: How can we make this cheaper and more flexible?
Their answer: Make it possible to mix and match network components from different companies, with the goal of fostering more competition and driving down prices. At the same time, they sparked a schism within the industry over how wireless networks should be built. Their opponents—and sometimes begrudging partners—are the handful of telecom-equipment vendors capable of providing the hardware the network operators have been buying and deploying for years.
These vendors initially opposed the scheme, called Open RAN, because they believed that if implemented, it would damage—if not destroy—their existing business model. But faced with the collective power of the operators clamoring for a new way to build wireless networks, these vendors have been left with few options, none of them very appealing. Some have responded by trying to set the terms for how Open RAN will be developed, while others continue to drag their feet, and risk being left behind.
The technology underpinning a generation of wireless like 5G can take a decade or more to go from initial ideas to fully realized hardware. By comparison, Open RAN has emerged practically overnight. In scarcely three years, the idea has gone from little more than a concept to multiple, major deployments around the world.
many of 3GPP’s specifications, including those covering interfaces, are designed with interoperability in mind. However, Masini, who is also principal researcher for standardization at Ericsson, adds that there is nothing preventing a vendor from “complementing” a standardized interface with additional proprietary techniques. Many vendors do just that—and Masini says this does not limit vendor interoperability.
Others in the industry don’t agree. “Both Nokia and Ericsson are using 3GPP interfaces that are supposed to be standard,” says Eugina Jordan, the vice president of marketing at Parallel Wireless, a New Hampshire–based company developing Open RAN technologies. But “those interfaces are not open, because each vendor creates their own flavor,” she adds. Most of these vendor-specific tweaks occur in the software and programming languages used to connect the radio to the baseband unit. Jordan says that the tweaks primarily take the form of vendors defining radio parameters that were intentionally left blank in 3GPP standards for future development.
There is currently no guarantee that a radio manufactured by one vendor will be interoperable with a baseband unit manufactured by another vendor.
Ultimately, this leads to each vendor constructing hardware that is too incompatible with the others’ for operators’ comfort. “We see with 3GPP specification more and more gaps,” says Olivier Simon, the radio innovation director at Orange
The O-RAN Alliance, of which Simon is an executive committee member, is the largest industry group working on Open RAN specifications. The group formed in 2018, when five operators—AT&T, China Mobile, Deutsche Telekom, NTT Docomo, and Orange—joined to spearhead more industry development of Open RAN. “I think the realization was, we need to create one unified, global operator voice to drive this disaggregation and openness,”
O-RAN Alliance members hope Open RAN can plug the gaps created by 3GPP’s specifications. They’re quick to say they’re not trying to replace the 3GPP specifications.
By forcing open interfaces, the wireless industry can arrive at an entirely new way to engineer its networks. And if those open interfaces promote more competition and lower prices, so much the better.
RAN construction will consume the lion’s share of those capital expenditures. And much of that spending will go toward the handful of vendors that can still provide complete end-to-end networks.
“This was always the pain point, because RAN is the most expensive part of an operator’s deployment,”
“It takes almost 60, 70 percent of the deployment costs.” By 2025, the GSM Association predicts, operators will be spending as much as 86 percent of their capital budgets on RAN.
Cellular networks send signals over long distances using a wired or fiber-optic backbone called a core network. The radio access network (RAN) functions as a middleman, connecting an end device like a cellphone to the core network by receiving the phone’s wireless signal with its antenna, converting the signal to digital in the radio unit, and performing tasks like data processing and error correction in the baseband unit. In current 5G systems, the baseband unit splits those tasks between a distributed unit and a centralized unit. Open RAN concepts hope to build on that split to create more flexible, thinly sliced RANs.
Not surprisingly, with so much money on the line, operators do everything they can to avoid any fiascoes caused by incompatible hardware. The surest way to avoid such a disaster is to stick with the same vendor from one end of the network to the other, thus avoiding any possibility of mismatched interfaces.
Another factor contributing to operator unease is the dwindling number of companies that can provide cutting-edge end-to-end networks. It’s now just three: Ericsson, Nokia, and Huawei. This trio of end-to-end vendors can charge high prices because operators are essentially locked into their systems.
5G phone can operate on a 4G network when it’s not within range of any 5G cells. So as operators build out their 5G deployments, they’re mostly sticking with a single vendor’s proprietary tech to ensure a smooth transition. The main alternative is scrapping everything and paying even more for a new deployment from the ground up.
There is broad consensus in the wireless industry that Open RAN is making it possible to pick and choose different RAN components from different vendors. This opportunity, called disaggregation, will also remove the stress over whether components will cooperate when plugged together. Whether or not disaggregation is a good thing depends on whom you ask.
Operators sure like it. Dish, a television and wireless provider, has been particularly aggressive in embracing Open RAN.
“I don’t have to rely on Ericsson only to provide radios, or Nokia only.” Dish has committed to using Open RAN for a ground-up deployment of a 5G network in the United States this year.
Proposed Open RAN Functional Splits
Proponents of Open RAN are exploring several possible “functional splits” to create new, interoperable interfaces in RAN systems, with four possibilities gaining the most traction. Each split assigns the many tasks a RAN undertakes to create a link between the core network and an end device in different ways, based on what different kinds of cellular networks might need. Split 2, for example, creates highly intelligent radio units that handle much of the data processing before the signal is ever transferred. On the other hand, Splits 7.2x and 8 create “dumb” radios that minimize data processing in favor of lower latencies.
Smaller-scale and more specialized vendors are also optimistic about the boost Open RAN can bring to their businesses. For Software Radio Systems, a maker of advanced software-defined radios, Open RAN makes it easier to focus on developing new software
Not surprisingly, the big three remaining hardware vendors take different views. In February, Franck Bouétard, the CEO of Ericsson France, called Open RAN an “experimental technology” that was still years away from maturity and could not compete with Ericsson’s products.
“Some of the big vendors, they’re continuously raising one issue or another,” says Paul Sutton, a director at Software Radio Systems. “Ericsson is probably in the party that’s fighting back the most against Open RAN, because they will probably have the most to lose.”
Not every big vendor is pushing back. Nokia, for example, sees opportunity. “I think we need to accept the fact that Open RAN is going to happen anyway, with or without us,”
Japanese operator’s Rakuten Open RAN deployments are using Nokia’s equipment, for example, and Nokia is also working with Deutsche Telekom to deploy an Open RAN system in Neubrandenburg, Germany
At the moment, there’s still plenty of debate. Ericsson and other vendors argue that creating more open interfaces will inevitably create more points in the network for cyberattacks. Operators and other Open RAN proponents counter that standardized interfaces will make it easier for the industry to identify and fix vulnerabilities. Everyone seems to have a different opinion on how much openness is enough openness, or on just how much the RAN hardware elements should be disaggregated.
By 2025, the GSM Association predicts, operators will be spending as much as 86 percent of their capital budgets on RAN.
In its most ambitious version, Open RAN would split the RAN into smaller components beyond the radio and the baseband unit. Proponents of this level of disaggregation believe it would bring even more vendors into the wireless industry, by allowing companies to hyperspecialize.
The wireless industry’s first efforts with disaggregation were inspired by 5G specifications themselves. These specifications split the baseband unit, which is responsible for processing and transferring data to or from the core network, into two smaller components. One component is the distributed unit, which takes over the data-processing responsibilities. The other component is the centralized unit, which handles the connection to the core network. The advantage of splitting the baseband unit in this way is that the centralized unit no longer needs to be located at the cell tower itself. Instead, a single centralized unit can sit in a local server farm, maintaining the connection to the core network for multiple cell towers in the area.
The O-RAN Alliance is working on a handful of different “functional splits” in the RAN to create more opportunities for disaggregation beyond this split between the distributed unit and the centralized unit. Each of these additional splits creates a division somewhere amid the many steps between a signal’s arrival from the core network and its transmission to a cellphone. It’s a bit like taking a lunch break: You can take an early lunch and thus shift many of your responsibilities to the afternoon, or work for several hours before opting for a later lunch.
One important split, called Split 7.2x, hands responsibilities such as signal encoding and decoding, as well as modulation, to the distributed unit. On the other side of the split, the radio is responsible for some light processing duties like beamforming, which establishes the specific direction of a transmission. The radio is also still responsible for converting digital signals to analog signals and vice versa.
Another split, Split 8, shifts even the responsibility for beamforming to the distributed unit, leaving the radio responsible only for converting signals. In contrast, Split 2 would push encoding, decoding, modulation, beamforming, and even more processing responsibilities to the radio, leaving the distributed unit responsible only for compressing data to a smaller number of bits before transferring the data to the centralized unit.
The goal in creating open standards for multiple kinds of splits is that operators can then purchase better-tailored components for the specific kind of network they’re building. For example, an operator might opt for Split 8 for a large-scale deployment requiring a lot of radios. This split allows the radios to be as “dumb,” and therefore cheap, as possible because all of the processing happens in the centralized unit.
It’s technically possible to put together a disaggregated RAN with open interfaces using only hardware, but defining the components in software has some advantages. “Our industry has become really, really hardware-centric,”
“Every generation of our networks basically rely on special-purpose hardware with tightly coupled software. So every time we need to have an upgrade, or new release, or new fractional release, it takes years.”
In order to move away from a hardware-centric attitude, the O-RAN Alliance is also encouraging the wireless industry to incorporate more software into the RAN. Software-defined networks, which replace traditional hardware components with programmable software equivalents, are more flexible. Upgrading a virtual component can be as simple as pushing out new code to the base station.
The emphasis on software is also making it possible for the industry to consider entirely new technologies, the most important of which is the RAN Intelligent Controller. The RIC collects data from the RAN components of dozens or hundreds of base stations at once and uses machine-learning techniques to reconfigure network operations in real time. It bases the modifications on whether particular cell towers are under a heavy traffic load, for example, or transmitting in a heavy rainstorm that might dampen signals. The RIC can reprogram the RAN’s software components in order to deliver better service. “Imagine the possibility where I can really adapt my network, based on the user experience, how the user is feeling in real time,” says Dish’s Chenumolu. “How great is that?”
Since its founding in 2018, the O-RAN Alliance has ballooned from its five founding members—all operators—to more than 260 members. Of the big three vendors, only Huawei is not a member, citing its belief that Open RAN systems cannot perform as well as the company’s proprietary systems.
The Open RAN Policy Coalition, for example, was founded in May 2020 and already has over 60 members working to coordinate global policy on Open RAN development and deployment.
In recent months, Rakuten Mobile, a unit of the Japanese e-commerce giant, and Dish have committed to Open RAN for extensive new 5G deployments. After a mandate from the British government to strip all Huawei components from wireless networks, England-based Vodafone is replacing those components in its own networks with Open RAN equivalents. Because of similar mandates, local operators in the United States, such as Idaho-based Inland Cellular, are doing the same.
These deployments haven’t always gone as planned. Rakuten, in particular, faced some initial setbacks when its Open RAN network’s performance didn’t match the performance of a traditional end-to-end system. The operator remains optimistic, however, and hasn’t given up on it. Many in the industry aren’t concerned about these kinds of issues
When an operator buys an end-to-end system from Nokia or Ericsson or Huawei, it also knows it can depend on that vendor to support the network when problems crop up. Not so with Open RAN deployments, where no single vendor is likely to claim responsibility for interoperability issues. Larger operators will likely be able to support their own Open RAN networks, but smaller operators may be reliant on companies like Mavenir, which have positioned themselves as system integrators. Critics, however, see that approach as just creating another kind of end-to-end vendor—and adding additional expense—for operators that don’t have the expertise or resources to support their own networks.
In the end, Open RAN’s true test may come when it’s time to implement the next generation of wireless. “I think 6G will be built with Open RAN as a prior assumption,” says Rajat Prakash, the principal engineer of wireless R&D at Qualcomm.
It remains to be seen how far the movement will go to disaggregate the RAN, to open up new interfaces, or even to bring new technologies into the mix. What’s important is that the movement has already gained substantial momentum.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Jo sadan millisekunnin viive videokuvassa uhkaa etäohjausta
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12056-jo-sadan-millisekunnin-viive-videokuvassa-uhkaa-etaohjausta
Monet kriittiset käyttötapaukset, kuten teollisuuslaitteiden etäohjaus, edellyttävät pientä viivettä ja häviötöntä videokuvaa. Tiedonsiirron viive on käytön kannalta yksi hankalimmista, sillä se ei näy videokuvassa välttämättä millään tavalla. Jo sadan millisekunnin viive tekee esimerkiksi etäohjauksesta haastavaa ja muutaman sadan millisekunnin viive jo vaarallista. Verkkoyhteyden laadun tarkkailu tällä tasolla suoraan jonkin sovelluksen kannalta on tähän saakka ollut vaikeaa.
Etäohjauksessa videon laaduntarkkailun ohella myös ohjausyhteyden laatu on kriittinen. Sen monitorointi hoituu myös Qosiumilla samalla kertaa ja tätä onkin Kaitotekin asiakaskunnassa tehty jo useamman vuoden ajan. Qosium-mittauksiin voi yhdistää myös paikkatiedon, joten esimerkiksi liikkuvien käyttäjien tapauksessa saadaan toiminta-alueen verkoista reaaliaikainen laatukäsitys. Havaitut verkko-ongelmat paikannetaan ja niihin voidaan reagoida heti.
https://www.kaitotek.com/fi/qosium
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12073-tutkimuslaitos-nokia-5g-patenttien-ykkonen
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12076-elisan-5g-toimii-jo-sadalla-paikkakunnalla
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12078-nokia-yllatti-erittain-vahvalla-tuloksella
Nokia kertoi tänään vuoden ensimmäisen neljänneksen tuloslukunsa. Liikevaihto kasvoi vuoden takaisesta 9 prosenttia eli lähes 5,1 miljardiin euroon. Vuodentakainen raportoitu tappio kääntyi 431 miljoonan euron liikevoitoksi.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Verizonilla jättimäinen 5G-rakennus, Nokia ei mukana
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12077-verizonilla-jattimainen-5g-rakennus-nokia-ei-mukana
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2021/04/29/nokia-kasvoi-lisaa-panoksia-5g-kehitykseen/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12082-5g-testauksen-markkina-kasvaa
Tomi Engdahl says:
Jon Brodkin / Ars Technica:
OpenSignal: 5G-capable devices access mmWave 5G less than 1% of the time across all US carriers; Verizon leads with just 0.8% availability
Verizon “leads” all US carriers in mmWave 5G availability at 0.8%
Phones capable of using mmWave 5G access it less than 1% of the time.
https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2021/04/verizon-leads-all-us-carriers-in-mmwave-5g-availability-at-0-8/
US mobile customers are almost never able to connect to millimeter-wave networks even though the cellular industry and Verizon in particular have spent years hyping the fastest form of 5G.
AT&T and T-Mobile customers with devices capable of using millimeter-wave networks were connected to mmWave 5G only 0.5 percent of the time during the 90-day period between January 16 and April 15, 2021, according to an OpenSignal report released today. Even on Verizon, the carrier with the most aggressive rollout of mmWave 5G, users with compatible devices spent 0.8 percent of their time on the high-frequency network that uses its large capacity to provide faster speeds than low- and mid-band spectrum.
Average download speeds on mmWave 5G were 232.7Mbps for AT&T, 215.3Mbps for T-Mobile, and 692.9Mbps for Verizon. You can see the average time connected to mmWave 5G and the average speeds
The “average time connected to mmWave 5G” chart represents the percentage of time connected to mmWave among users who have a mmWave 5G-capable device and have connected to mmWave at least once, OpenSignal told Ars today. That means the numbers aren’t driven down by devices that simply aren’t new enough to use mmWave 5G—the percentages for all three major carriers are under 1 percent when evaluating users who definitely have devices compatible with the mmWave networks.
“In Opensignal’s analytics, we consistently see our Verizon mmWave 5G users experiencing a higher average time connected to mmWave 5G than users on the other US carriers,” the report said. “In this 90-day period, our Verizon users saw a mean time connected to mmWave 5G of 0.8 percent compared with 0.5 percent on AT&T and T-Mobile. However, despite Verizon appearing to be ahead this result actually represents a statistical tie because of overlapping confidence intervals with AT&T.” All three major carriers have “plenty of scope to increase the availability of mmWave 5G services,” the report noted.
Overall 5G availability between 11% and 33%
Another report released by OpenSignal today said that—when counting 5G on all spectrum bands, not just mmWave—5G was available 33.1 percent of the time on T-Mobile, 20.5 percent of the time on AT&T, and 11.2 percent of the time on Verizon.
OpenSignal’s speed-test apps “collect billions of individual measurements every day from over 100 million devices worldwide,” producing “the vast majority of our data via automated tests that run in the background,” the testing firm says.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12082-5g-testauksen-markkina-kasvaa
5G-verkkojen ahkera rakentaminen näkyy nyt testauksessa. MarketsAndMarkets ennustaa, että vuoteen 2027 mennessä 5G-testauslaitteiden markkinat kasvavat 3,46 miljardiin dollariin.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Nokian Lundmark lupaa pian mMIMO-radion
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12085-nokian-lundmark-lupaa-pian-mmimo-radion
Massiivinen MIMO eli mMIMO on tekniikka, jonka myötä operaattorit voivat jakaa kaistansa ja taajuutensa tehokkaammin tilaajien käyttöön. Laitevalmistajille on käynnissä kova mMIMO-kilpajuoksu. Nokian Pekka Lundmark lupasi tekniikan tarjolle osavuosikatsauksen konferenssipuhelussaan.
Ericsson avasi mMIMOpelin isosti helmikuussa, kun se julkisti esimerkiksi 20-kiloisen mMIMO-radion, jossa on 64 lähetinantennia. Lundmarkin mukaan ”lähiaikoina” esiteltävä Nokian mMIMO-radio tulee olemaan erittäin kilpailukykyinen.
Se tulee esimerkiksi 32T32R-konfiguraatiossa olemaan kevyempi kuin Ericssonilla. Lisäksi tulevan mMIMOradion kaistanleveys on suurempi kuin Ericssonin jo julkistetulla tuotteella, Lundmark paljasti.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Qualcomm haastaa Nokian ja Ericssonin
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12086-qualcomm-haastaa-nokian-ja-ericssonin
Open RAN -hanke on tähdännyt siihen, että operaattorit voivat valita verkon eri komponentteja eri valmistajilta. Vodafone ja Qualcomm ilmoittivat nyt suunnitelmistaan kehittää valmistajille O-RAN-tekniikan referenssimalleja. Qualcommille askel on looginen sen jälkeen, kun yhtiö esitteli uudet 5G-radioprosessorinsa viime syksynä.
Qualcomm ja Vodafone kehittävät yhdessä O-RAN-pohjaista 64 antennin mMIMO-radiota. Kehitystyön pitäisi valmistua vielä tämän vuoden aikana ja tekniikkaa testataan Vodafonen verkossa ensi vuoden loppupuolella.
Mikäli aikataulu pitää, on O-RAN-leiri käytännössä noin vuoden jäljessä perinteisiä verkkolaitevalmistajia. Ericsson on esitelly t oman mMIMO-radionsa helmikuussa ja Nokian pääjohtaja Pekka Lundmark lupasi yhtiönsä mMIMO-tuotetta tarjolle lähiaikoina.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Ericsson lisää 5G-solujen kapasiteettia
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12089-ericsson-lisaa-5g-solujen-kapasiteettia
Ericsson on esittelyt uuden 5G-tukiasemien radion, jolla voidaan kasvattaa operaattorin taajuusjakoista kapasiteettia. 6626-radio tuo kolmen sektorin tuen kahdella taajuusalueella.
6T6R-radio tukee kaikkia standardia 2G:stä 5G.een. Se painaa vain 45 kiloa, mutta tuo 720 watin lähetystehon soluun.
Radiosta on dual-band- eli kaksitaajuusversiot 900/800 megahertsin alueelle sekä 1800/2100 megahertsin alueelle.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Älykännyköistä jo yli puolet 5G-malleja – senioripuhelin yrityslistalle
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2021/05/03/alykannykoista-jo-yli-puolet-5g-malleja-senioripuhelin-yrityslistalle/
Tomi Engdahl says:
5G millimetriaalloilla on harvinainen
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12092-5g-millimetriaalloilla-on-harvinainen
Suomalaisoperaattorit testaavat jo millimetriaaltoja eli 26 gigahertsin tekniikkaa kentällä, mutta kyse on harvinaisesta herkusta myös Yhdysvalloissa, mistä mmWave-vyörytys alkoi. Ykkösoperaattori Verizoninkin verkossa millimetriaalloilla surfataan vain yhden prosentin verran kaikesta liikenteestä.
Tämä käy ilmi OpenSignalin tuoreesta raportista, jossa on käyty läpi amerikkalaisoperaattorien 5G-peittoa. Toisaalta Verizon käyttäjät pääsevät millimetriaalloilla erittäin suurin datanopeuksiin: keskimäärin mitattiin 692,9 megabittiä sekunnissa. Ikävä kyllä mm-aalloille Verizoninkin käyttäjät ovat yhteydessä vain 0,8 prosenttia ajasta.
Tomi Engdahl says:
O-RAN rantautui Eurooppaan – 10 faktaa tekniikasta
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12090-o-ran-rantautui-eurooppaan-10-faktaa-tekniikasta
Open RAN on avoin verkkoarkkitehtuuri, joka lupaa mullistaa mobiiliverkkojen markkinat. Tähän asti japanilainen Rakuten on ollut O-RAN-tekniikan äänekkäin mannekiini, mutta nyt Telecom Italia sanoo ottavansa tekniikan käyttöön ensimmäisenä eurooppalaisoperaattorina.
Suomessa operaattorit eivät vielä O-RANia harkitse. Täällä ollaan tyytyväisiä erityisesti kahden suuren pohjoismaisen valmistajan laitteisiin, mutta ennen pitkää nekin joutuvat katsomaan O-RAN-vaihtoehtoja. Mutta mistä tekniikasssa on kyse? Mobiilialaa seuraava Strand Consulting keräsi yhteen 10 O-RAN-faktaa.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Nokia ranked as number one in 5G patents
https://www.nokia.com/about-us/news/releases/2021/04/28/nokia-ranked-as-number-one-in-5g-patents/
Press Release
Nokia ranked as number one in 5G patents
Independent study by PA Consulting confirms Nokia’s leadership in 5G Standard Essential Patents
The finding is the latest to rank Nokia number one for patents declared as essential for cellular standards, including 5G
Tomi Engdahl says:
Nokia, Edzcom deploy 5G SA private wireless network to support Konecranes’ advanced R&D work
https://investors.konecranes.com/releases?page=/konecranes/en/pressreleases/nokia-edzcom-deploy-5g-sa-private-wireless-network-to-support-konecranes%27-advanced-r%26d-work-1907063
April 19, 2021 09:00
Network to fuel Konecranes’ 5G research and digitalized solution development for factories and ports
Edzcom and Nokia collaboration builds on existing Konecranes LTE private wireless investment
Nokia and Edzcom today announced that they will jointly deliver a 5G standalone (SA) private wireless network for Konecranes at its Hyvinkää smart factory in Finland.
Edzcom will deploy a private wireless and application platform based on the Nokia Digital Automation Cloud (DAC). The 5G network will enable Konecranes to research and develop digitalized factory and port solutions that leverage 5G’s high bandwidth and low latency for increased productivity, improved efficiency, and enhanced safety.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12112-nokia-tuo-5g-n-olohuoneen-nurkkaan
Tomi Engdahl says:
ETNdigi: O-RAN mullistaa verkkomarkkinat
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12121-etndigi-o-ran-mullistaa-verkkomarkkinat
Nokian pääjohtaja Pekka Lundmark on jo sanonut, että vanha tapa toimittaa koko verkko operaattorille on tullut tiensä päähän. Markkina on muuttumassa merkittävästi. Tällä hetkellä kohutaan eniten kirjainyhdistelmästä O-RAN. Avoimilta radioverkoilta odotetaan paljon, kerrotaan uudessa ETNdigi-erikoislehdessä.
ETN osallistui maaliskuussa Analog Devicesin järjestämään webinaariin, jossa Open RAN -yhteenliittymä esitteli tämän hetken tilannettaan ja tekniikan lähitulevaisuuden haasteita.
Tomi Engdahl says:
U.S. Intelligence Agencies Warn About 5G Network Weaknesses https://thehackernews.com/2021/05/us-intelligence-agencies-warn-about-5g.html
Inadequate implementation of telecom standards, supply chain threats, and weaknesses in systems architecture could pose major cybersecurity risks to 5G networks, potentially making them a lucrative target for cybercriminals and nation-state adversaries to exploit for valuable intelligence. The analysis, which aims to identify and assess risks and vulnerabilities introduced by 5G adoption, was published on Monday by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA), in partnership with the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) and the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA).
Tomi Engdahl says:
4G-verkkoa ei ole unohdettu, se paranee jatkuvasti – 5G on kuin moottoritie, joka nopeuttaa kaikkia
https://www.dna.fi/blogi/-/blogs/4g-verkkoa-ei-ole-unohdettu-se-paranee-jatkuvasti-5g-on-kuin-moottoritie-joka-nopeuttaa-kaikkia?fbclid=IwAR3dfsb6B1h-G70RYBelKFEg-5TbKRYtT5cwJHlK3LfWuTsUdV7pKl9SPhI
5G-rakentaminen on itse asiassa mobiiliverkon kokonaisvaltaista päivittämistä. Se parantaa selvästi myös 4G-asiakkaiden nopeuksia ja käyttökokemusta. Vaikka 5G-verkko laajenee vauhdilla, 4G pysyy 5G:n rinnalla vielä pitkään mobiiliverkon pääasiallisena teknologiana ja asiakkaiden eniten käyttämänä verkkona
Tomi Engdahl says:
5G-aika moninkertaistaa mobiiliverkon liikenteen – laadulla isot odotukset
https://www.dna.fi/yrityksille/blogi/-/blogs/5g-aika-moninkertaistaa-mobiiliverkon-liikenteen-laadulla-isot-odotukset?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=linkad&utm_content=artikkeli_5g_aika_moninkertaistaa_mobiiliverkon_liikenteen_laadulla_isot_odotukset&utm_campaign=all_kampanja_trendit2021_21&fbclid=IwAR06_vvxj3vxyonjENzMmBxw4HDTsfa4zzz0DZLprfnvcc-J_kJ6MHdSEUs
Elämme 5G:n aikakautta, jossa mobiiliverkkojen rooli yhteiskunnassa, liike-elämässä ja meidän jokaisen arjessa kasvaa nopeasti. Kriittiset palvelut ja yksityisverkot, jotka vaativat aiempaa suurempaa kestävyyttä, ovat siirtymässä kaupallisiin verkkoihin. Tämä tarkoittaa sitä, että pienilläkin käyttökatkoilla voi olla kohtalokkaita seurauksia. Kuinka voimme taata tarvittavan nopeuden ja matalan viiveen?
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Cellular Industry’s Clash Over the Movement to Remake Networks
https://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/the-cellular-industrys-clash-over-the-movement-to-remake-networks
Tomi Engdahl says:
Why You Need To Update Your Samsung 5G Phone After Critical New Warning
https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2021/05/06/warning-for-samsung-galaxy-5g-android-users-with-qualcomm-flaw/?sh=612187cb3e6f
The latest dire warning about Android vulnerabilities gets to the very heart of the devices themselves—the 5G chipset. If exploited, this would allow “dangerous” malware to hide inside your device “and never be removed.” Users are urged to ensure they have the latest firmware and security updates installed.
This latest stark disclosure comes from the team at Check Point: “A very serious… security vulnerability in Qualcomm’s 5G mobile station modem (MSM), the chip responsible for cellular communication in nearly 40% of the world’s phones.”
That means “hundreds of millions” of devices, Check Point says, exposed to “an attacker using Android OS itself as an entry point to inject malicious and invisible code into phones, granting an attacker access to call history, SMS messages and audio of phone conversations.” Think credential and data theft as well as spyware.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Nokia tuo 5G:n olohuoneen nurkkaan
https://etn.fi/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12112&via=n&datum=2021-05-06_15:25:10&mottagare=30929
Tomi Engdahl says:
Security probe of Qualcomm MSM data services
https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/security-probe-of-qualcomm-msm/
Mobile Station Modem (MSM) is an ongoing series of a 2G/3G/4G/5G-capable system on chips (SoC) designed by Qualcomm starting in the early 1990s. MSM has always been and will be a popular target for security research because hackers want to find a way to attack a mobile device remotely just by sending it a SMS or crafted radio packet. But 3GPP protocols are not the only entry point into the modem. Android also has an ability to communicate with the modem processor through the Qualcomm MSM Interface (QMI).
MSM is managed by the Qualcomm real-time OS (QuRT) that cannot be debugged or dumped even on rooted Android devices. QuRT’s integrity is ensured by the TrustZone. There is only one possible way to dynamically probe the modem, namely to use a vulnerability. There have been several successful attempts to patch the QuRT by exploiting vulnerabilities in the Qualcomm Trusted Execution Environment (QTEE) or Linux-kernel. The latest compromised SoC is MSM8998 (Pixel 2).
In our research, we fuzzed MSM data services so we could find a way to patch QuRT on modern SoCs directly from Android.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Qualcomm vulnerability impacts nearly 40% of all mobile phones
https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/qualcomm-vulnerability-impacts-nearly-40-percent-of-all-mobile-phones/
A high severity security vulnerability found in Qualcomm’s Mobile Station Modem (MSM) chips (including the latest 5G-capable versions) could enable attackers to access mobile phone users’ text messages, call history, and listen in on their conversations.
Qualcomm MSM is a series of 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G capable system on chips (SoCs) used in roughly 40% of mobile phones by multiple vendors, including Samsung, Google, LG, OnePlus, and Xiaomi.
“If exploited, the vulnerability would have allowed an attacker to use Android OS itself as an entry point to inject malicious and invisible code into phones,” according to Check Point researchers who found the vulnerability tracked as CVE-2020-11292.
Tomi Engdahl says:
U.S. Intelligence Agencies Warn About 5G Network Weaknesses
https://thehackernews.com/2021/05/us-intelligence-agencies-warn-about-5g.html
Inadequate implementation of telecom standards, supply chain threats, and weaknesses in systems architecture could pose major cybersecurity risks to 5G networks, potentially making them a lucrative target for cybercriminals and nation-state adversaries to exploit for valuable intelligence.
The analysis, which aims to identify and assess risks and vulnerabilities introduced by 5G adoption, was published on Monday by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA), in partnership with the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) and the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA).
“As new 5G policies and standards are released, there remains the potential for threats that impact the end-user,” the report said. “For example, nation states may attempt to exert undue influence on standards that benefit their proprietary technologies and limit customers’ choices to use other equipment or software.”
Specifically, the report cites undue influence from adversarial nations on the development of technical standards, which may pave the way for adopting untrusted proprietary technologies and equipment that could be difficult to update, repair, and replace. Also of concern, per the report, are the optional security controls baked into telecommunication protocols, which, if not implemented by network operators, could leave the door open to malicious attacks.
A second area of concern highlighted by the NSA, ODNI, and CISA is the supply chain. Components procured from third-party suppliers, vendors, and service providers could either be counterfeit or compromised, with security flaws and malware injected during the early development process, enabling threat actors to exploit the vulnerabilities at a later stage.
“Compromised counterfeit components could enable a malicious actor to impact the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of data that travels through the devices and to move laterally to other more sensitive parts of the network,” according to the analysis.
Lastly, weaknesses in the 5G architecture itself could be used as a jumping-off point to execute a variety of attacks.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12150-o-ran-ohjainpiiri-avoimella-kaskykannalla
Tomi Engdahl says:
Englantilainen Picocom on saanut piille pienten avoimeen O-RAN-arkkitehtuuriin perstuvien 5G-solujen tukiaseman ohjainpiirin. Prosessori perustuu taiwanilaisen Andes Technologyn toimittamaan RISC-V-ytimeen.
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12150-o-ran-ohjainpiiri-avoimella-kaskykannalla
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12156-pula-taajuuksista-uhkaa-5g-kehitysta
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2021/05/21/traficom-maaritteli-kriittiset-verkkoelementit-myos-4g-ja-5g-verkkojen-osalta/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2021/05/21/qualcommilta-5g-piiri-iot-ratkaisuihin/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Test solutions that cover #radio units from different vendors are critical to successful interoperability #testing for #ORAN Keysight #5G #networks
O-RAN challenges from the fronthaul
https://www.edn.com/o-ran-challenges-from-the-fronthaul/?utm_content=buffer7482f&utm_medium=social&utm_source=edn_facebook&utm_campaign=buffer
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12175-qualcomm-esitteli-ensimmaisen-iot-modeeminsa-5g-verkkoihin
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12166-nyt-se-alkaa-qualcomm-tuo-5g-n-lappareihin
Qualcomm lanseeraa maailman ensimmäisen 5G-modeemeihin perustuvan M.2-referenssikortin. Yhtiön omassa 5G Summitissaan tekemä julkistus on merkittävä, sillä alustan myötä 5G-yhteys tulee integroituna moniin uusiin laitteisiin. Kannettavat tietokoneet ovat tämän kehityksen etulinjassa.
Läppäreiden lisäksi M.2-kortilla voidaan tuoda 5G-yhteys vaikkapa kannettavaan pelikonsoliin. Referenssikorteilla käytetään uusia Snapdragon X65- ja X62-modeemeja, jotka ovat samalla markkinoiden ensimmäiset 3GPP:n Release 16 -määrityksiä tukevat modeemipiirit.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Qualcomm toi 5G:n 7-sarjaansa
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/12168-qualcomm-toi-5g-n-7-sarjaansa