Digitalization and software have made our lives easier and made our operations many times more efficient over the past decades. Data centers consume two to three percent of the planet’s total electricity usage now. It has considerable CO2 footprint. Various ICT solutions are responsible for 4–10 percent of annual electricity consumption and 3–5 percent of global greenhouse emissions (ICT industry climate and environmental strategy, 2021).
By one estimate, consumption could jump to as much as 13 percent of the world’s total electricity demand by 2030. Everyone seems to be slowly convinced of the existence of climate change and the necessity of reacting to it. Climate change and the prevailing energy crisis in today’s world force us to examine all energy consumption. The ICT sector must also participate in ways to save energy, because all information processing, presentation and transfer consumes energy.
Technology for massive reductions in environmental footprint already exists – many try to optimize data centers PAU with different approaces and cleaner power generation. Green Data: The Next Step to Zero-Emissions Data Centers article mentions that as cloud computing becomes more energy efficient and increasingly relies on renewable sources it can help. The data center industry needs to think about this. Some players already do that.
But can coders help in making IT industry more green? Does anyone talk about writing greener software instead of bloatware? Does anyone talk to think that the features and all the processing of data makes sense?
Earlier as the speed of devices has continuously increased, it has been possible to implement software without worrying about efficiency. And while software grows in size, so does the amount of energy they consume. Software already reduces emissions by streamlining or optimizing other operations. This is called a carbon fingerprint. The IT industry has reduced unnecessary intermediate steps in processes or minimized the use of paper and printing. However, it cannot justify the inefficiency of the software and the growing energy consumption.
Yes, there is talking on going on green code and green IT more on last few years. It is not always clear how each of us can influence the matter. Software development is an excellent example of an industry where the climate impact of work can vary greatly depending on work methods. The same end result can be achieved either climate-wise way or by using bloatware that causes a large climate burden. The same end results can can be often achieved efficiently or ineffectively, in which case it is smart from the point of view of the Earth to choose an efficient implementation.
There is a lot of reckless data usage. The computing, storage and data transfer capacity of digital devices have developed in a way that no other field of technology has been able to do. Massive data transfer in use nowadays means massive extra energy consumption. In the fiber backbone network, to which the computer is often connected, the energy consumption of the transmitted bit is still reasonable. On the other hand, the mobile network clearly consumes more energy to transfer a bit, up to a thousand times more per bit. Why should smartphones be capable of computing at the level of supercomputers, when they mainly use various social media services or play games? Of course, there is a need for graphics for a better user experience, and because of ads, the pages are free for their users. Overall, however, the number of ads and graphics is far too large and poorly optimized.
It is clear that, on average, various websites have way too much data behind them. The kind of data that consumes a lot of energy, but often does not provide exceptional added value from the user’s point of view. In last 10 years the the typical size of web pages created for computers has increased by 500 percent and for mobile devices by more than 1000 percent. As a result, the size of a typical page for both mobile devices and computers is the same, around 2 megabytes. So what does this mean in practice? Overload and massive energy consumption: The data must first be stored on servers, transferred over the data network and processed in the terminal devices. The data is also typically disposable, i.e. it is loaded again when the website is visited later. And much of this data transfer is unnecessary. Optimizing websites can be done. These savings can be up to 50 percent of the traffic caused by the service. In some cases, it is possible to achieve savings of 90 percent, so that the end user does not see any difference. Many online stores have already noticed that the optimized pages work faster for the users, and that the faster their business is, the better their turnover is. If optimization starts to be done more widely, the consequences could be downright revolutionary.
In software development, highly automated processes are available in cloud services, data transfer and SaaS products. Unfortunately, this mode of operation – at least in its current form – limits our visibility to both our energy consumption and climate emissions. We need to gain knowledge how much much your systems consumes and why. In addition to knowledge, we must also have a view of the meaning of knowledge. A climate-wise coder needs a feel for key quantities. If our server consumes a kilowatt-hour of energy, is it a lot or a little?
Fortunately, research and discussion about the climate impacts of the ICT sector has already started and gained good momentum a few years ago. In Finland, it has been investigated e.g. in TIEKE ry’s Green ICT project (2021-2023), in which they promoted lower-carbon digital service production and climate-wise procurement expertise of companies and the public sector in the Uusimaa region in Finland.
Their web pages give information how to move forward on green IT. The project estimated that in many cases the footprint of an individual ICT service can be reduced by up to 90 percent with the right measures.
It is possible to minimize the inefficiency of the software using the so-called with green coding. Green code is an attitude or thought model towards coding, which results in optimized and resource-efficient code. At the same time, it should maximize value and minimize energy consumption. The opposite of green code is waste – energy-consuming activities that do not produce value. Green coding especially affects energy consumption. It aims to minimize both the time spent on data processing and the amount of data transferred, because both of them consume energy and cause climate emissions. Sustainable software engineering is better for the environment and can help a business’s bottom line. Those working in software development should think more about the carbon footprint of the lines of code they write.
Janne Kalliola has written an excellent book, Vihreä Koodi / Green Code that covers the topic what is green code. Green IT and code have already been talked about quite a lot in Finland over the past year. More software companies have started to talk about green coding, and to promote it. However, it has not yet been defined what the green code or eco-efficient systems are. The purpose of the book is not to unequivocally define green code and create a canon. Instead, the idea is to focus on describing patterns to stimulate thinking and presenting various solutions. By using these, anyone working on the matter can analyse their situation and identify the changes they need to make to become more environmentally friendly.
The Green Code book offers insights on the following topics:
- Why should code be green?
- The energy consumption of software
- Raiders of the lost efficiency
- Solutions on tackling lost efficiency
- Concrete recommendations for the main stakeholders involved in green software development, all the way from software developers to end-users
The second extended edition of the book also offers insights into the energy dynamics of AI, data usage, cryptocurrencies and the internet of things (IoT), while highlighting actionable strategies for sustainable growth.
The book is available in English with name Green Code at
https://www.exove.com/green-code/
You can download the original Vihreä Koodi in Finnish language at
https://www.exove.com/fi/vihrea-koodi/
Links to sources:
TIEKE ry’s Green ICT project
https://www.codeo.fi/blogi/vihrea-ict/
https://www.epanorama.net/newepa/2012/04/18/how-clean-is-your-cloud-and-telecom/
https://www.exove.com/fi/vihrea-koodi/
https://www.exove.com/green-code/
https://punamusta.com/asiantuntija/vihrea-koodi-on-tulevaisuuden-itta/
Sustainable Software Engineering – What Is It And What You Need To Know
https://www.mustread.fi/artikkelit/ratkaisu-on-vihrea-koodi-monet-digitaaliset-palvelut-on-suunniteltu-huonosti-ja-ne-vievat-valtavasti-energiaa/
https://www.sytyke.org/kestava-kehitys/vihrea-koodi/
https://www.greencode.world/
https://www.cgi.com/fi/fi/blogi/mita-green-coding-on
https://blog.digia.com/green-code-energiaviisaampia-ratkaisuja-asiakkaitamme-ja-tulevaisuuttamme-varten
20 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://punamusta.com/asiantuntija/vihrea-koodi-on-tulevaisuuden-itta/?utm_campaign=Pumu_Digitaaliset_palvelut&utm_content=286012775&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook&hss_channel=fbp-1812829522376313&hsa_acc=2713656078726071&hsa_cam=120205505402940705&hsa_grp=120205505403160705&hsa_ad=120205505403230705&hsa_src=fb&hsa_net=facebook&hsa_ver=3
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://nitor.com/fi/artikkelit/kestava-digitaalinen-kehitys-alkaa-suunnittelusta?fbclid=IwAR3OliCiAYl1voWUb7Rjel8gBU0N99toBY19yPuKlD1MDj1WrimT6xfrsKw_aem_AXOQLCRMzOHP7YI7a2YTbNmRXe1aTTmd0bFu9WuO2qkB7PdEhKgGdE4YdQ7f-oITjBMZ-dIl-C1IdOwBM4vLwVh8
Tomi Engdahl says:
Green Data: The Next Step to Zero-Emissions Data Centers If the IT industry can halve its carbon emissions in each of the next three decades, it can help the planet reach net zero by 2050
https://spectrum.ieee.org/green-data-the-next-step-to-zeroemissions-data-centers
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.fraktio.fi/en/blog/what-steps-can-a-software-company-take-towards-sustainability
Tomi Engdahl says:
Uusia mittareita ICT-alan vihreään siirtymään
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2024/05/06/uusia-mittareita-ict-alan-vihreaan-siirtymaan/
Tulevaisuudessa ICT-alan ympäristöjalanjälki kasvaa nopeammin kuin millään muulla alalla, ja sen arvioidaan jopa kolminkertaistuvan tällä vuosikymmenellä. Nyt Suomessa on tartuttu alueen haasteisiin suomalaisen it-järjestö Tivian vetämässä Green ICT Visiiri -hankkeessa. Sen yhteydessä kehitetään myös alalle uusia mittareita, jotka paremmin konkretisoisivat alan ympäristövaikutuksia.
Tulevaisuuden kasvavan verkkoliikenteen ja tietokonevoiman vaativan energian lisäksi uusilla ICT-tekniikoilla tulee olemaan myös merkittävä rooli toiminnan tehostamisessa. Ongelmana on kuitenkin ettei tällä hetkellä sekä Suomesta että kansainvälisesti mittaristoa alan ilmasto- ja ympäristövaikutusten arviointiin.
Samaan aikaan kun ICT-laitteiden energiakulutus lisään niin myös ICT-laitteiden jätemäärä kaksinkertaistuu parissa kymmenessä vuodessa. Siksi ICT-tuotteiden ja -palveluiden tuotannossa ja käytössä panostettava vihreyteen ja energiatehokkuuteen.
Oikealla suunnittelulla tätä jalanjälkeä voidaan ohjelmistoissa pienentää selvitysten mukaan jopa 80 prosentilla. ”ICT-ala tuottaa globaalisti noin neljä prosenttia kaikista hiilidioksidipäästöistä. Yhteinen tavoitteemme on ymmärtää tilanteen vakavuus ja löytää keinoja ongelman ratkaisemiseksi,” kertoo Green ICT -hankkeen projektipäällikkönä toimiva Antti Sipilä.
Kansallisen Green ICT -ekosysteemin Visiiri-hanke tarjoaa ICT-palveluiden ja -tuotteiden tuottajille sekä hankkijoille ja käyttäjille tietoa, työkaluja, yhteistyöverkoston ja koulutusta. Sen avulla pyritään tuomaan myös uusia mittareita ICT-alan ympäristövaikutusten konkretisointiin,
Tavoitteena on luoda esimerkiksi malli, joka huomioi kaikki ICT-alan jalanjälkeen liittyvät tekijät sekä positiiviset ilmastovaikutukset. Hankkeen kautta suomalaiset ICT-yritykset saavat tietoa alan ympäristö- ja ilmastovaikutusten arvioinnin kansainvälisestä työstä ja lainsäädännöstä.
Kaikki hankkeessa tuotettu materiaali kerätään TIEKEn ylläpitämään greenict.fi-portaaliin
https://greenict.fi/
https://tieke.fi/hankkeet/greeni-ict-visiiri-vihrean-siirtyman-kansallinen-ict-ekosysteemi/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/16188-saehkoeistyminen-on-iso-haaste-aina-kun-bitti-liikkuu-kuluu-saehkoeae
Tomi Engdahl says:
HOW TO PUT A DATA CENTER IN A SHOEBOX
Imec’s plan to use superconductors to shrink computers
https://spectrum.ieee.org/superconducting-computer
SCIENTISTS HAVE PREDICTED that by 2040, almost 50 percent of the world’s electric power will be used in computing. What’s more, this projection was made before the sudden explosion of generative AI. The amount of computing resources used to train the largest AI models has been doubling roughly every 6 months for more than the past decade. At this rate, by 2030 training a single artificial-intelligence model would take one hundred times as much computing resources as the combined annual resources of the current top ten supercomputers. Simply put, computing will require colossal amounts of power, soon exceeding what our planet can provide.
One way to manage the unsustainable energy requirements of the computing sector is to fundamentally change the way we compute. Superconductors could let us do just that.
Superconductors offer the possibility of drastically lowering energy consumption because they do not dissipate energy when passing current. True, superconductors work only at cryogenic temperatures, requiring some cooling overhead. But in exchange, they offer virtually zero-resistance interconnects, digital logic built on ultrashort pulses that require minimal energy, and the capacity for incredible computing density due to easy 3D chip stacking.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blogi.cloudpoint.fi/vanhojen-koneiden-ongelma-ratkaistu-vihrea-lippu-chrome-os-flex
Tomi Engdahl says:
Tekoälyhakuihin hukkautuu paljon energiaa
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/16301-tekoaelyhakuihin-hukkautuu-paljon-energiaa
Tekoälyn käytön lisääntyessä datakeskukset tulevat vaatimaan yhä enemmän virtaa vastatakseen kasvaviin prosessointivaatimuksiin. Onsemi on esitellyt uusia tehopiirejä, joiden avulla näiden halujen aiheuttamia tehohäviöitä voidaan pienentää.
Perinteiseen verkkohakuun verrattuna tekoälyä tukevan hakukoneen haku vaatii yli kymmenkertaisesti enemmän tehoa, minkä takia datakeskusten tehontarpeen odotetaan nousevan maailmanlaajuisesti arviolta 1000 terawattituntiin alle kahdessa vuodessa. Yhden tekoälyn tukeman pyynnön käsittelemiseksi energiaa muunnetaan neljä kertaa verkosta prosessoriin, mikä voi johtaa noin 12 prosentin energiahäviöön.
Tomi Engdahl says:
AI Power Consumption: Rapidly Becoming Mission-Critical
https://www.forbes.com/sites/bethkindig/2024/06/20/ai-power-consumption-rapidly-becoming-mission-critical/
The IEA is projecting global electricity demand from AI, data centers and crypto to rise to 800 TWh in 2026 in its base case scenario, a nearly 75% increase from 460 TWh in 2022. The agency’s high case scenario calls for demand to more than double to 1,050 TWh.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Financial Times:
Google says its greenhouse gas emissions have surged 48% in the past five years due to the expansion of the data centers that underpin its AI efforts — Tech giant’s ambition of reaching ‘net zero’ by 2030 under threat from power demands of artificial intelligence systems
https://www.ft.com/content/383719aa-df38-4ae3-ab0e-6279a897915e
Tomi Engdahl says:
Kohti pelkkää digimaksamista – Suomi edelläkävijä
https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2024/07/04/kohti-pelkkaa-digimaksamista-suomi-edellakavija/
Digitaalinen maksu on käteistä parempi ympäristölle viestii digimaksamisen eurooppalainen toimialajärjestö EDPIA, joka on teettänyt alueen uusimman selvityksen. Tutkimus osoittaa, että digitaaliset maksut ovat ympäristöystävällisempiä kuin käteismaksut. Selvityksessä Suomi oli myös omassa luokassaan Saksaan ja Italiaan verrattuna.
Brittiläisen Oxford Economicsin digijärjestölle tekemä The Environmental Impact of Digital Over Cash Payments in Europe tarkastelee Saksan ja Italian lisäksi käteisen ja digitaalisten maksujen ympäristövaikutuksia Suomessa.
https://www.edpia.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/The-environmental-impact-of-digital-over-cash-payments-in-Europe-Oxford-Economics-for-EDPIA-April-2024.pdf
Tomi Engdahl says:
Syynä kasvuun on yhtiön sähkön käyttö erityisesti sen datakeskuksissa. Yhtiö itse huomauttaa, että kulutus tulee tekoälyn aikakaudella vain kasvamaan.
https://www.tekniikkatalous.fi/uutiset/tt/1a8b2105-c9e8-411a-b389-34e99544b3b1?utm_term=Autofeed&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR16ApkO5hxzaKCflNeYiXCUva3B6nKhg3WxRP4JVc5DPsZhQoFsRJjrzTM_aem_fQxinOYrZh0SuSR5AXYj3A#Echobox=1720215141
Tomi Engdahl says:
Financial Times:
Google says its greenhouse gas emissions have surged 48% in the past five years due to the expansion of the data centers that underpin its AI efforts — Tech giant’s ambition of reaching ‘net zero’ by 2030 under threat from power demands of artificial intelligence systems
https://www.ft.com/content/383719aa-df38-4ae3-ab0e-6279a897915e
Akshat Rathi / Bloomberg:
Google says it has stopped purchasing carbon offsets and is no longer maintaining operational carbon neutrality, but still aims to reach net-zero carbon by 2030
Google Is No Longer Claiming to Be Carbon Neutral
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-08/google-is-no-longer-claiming-to-be-carbon-neutral
The tech giant, which has seen its planet-warming emissions rise because of artificial intelligence, has stopped buying cheap offsets behind the neutrality claim. The company now aims to reach net-zero carbon by 2030.
Google has ended its mass purchase of cheap carbon offsets and thus stopped claiming that its operations are carbon neutral, according to the tech giant’s latest environmental report. The company now aims to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2030.
The Alphabet Inc. unit has claimed that it’s been carbon neutral in its operations since 2007. The status was based on purchasing carbon offsets to match the volume of emissions that were generated from its buildings, data centers and business travel. But in its latest report, the company states: “Starting in 2023, we’re no longer maintaining operational carbon neutrality.”
Tomi Engdahl says:
Google and Microsoft consume more power than some countries
News
By Anton Shilov published 2 days ago
But they generate more money too.
https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/google-and-microsoft-consume-more-power-than-some-countries
In 2023, Google and Microsoft each consumed 24 TWh of electricity, surpassing the consumption of over 100 nations, including places like Iceland, Ghana, and Tunisia, according to an analysis by Michael Thomas. While massive energy usage means a substantial environmental impact for these tech giants, it should be noted that Google and Microsoft also generate more money than many countries. Furthermore, companies like Intel, Google, and Microsoft lead renewable energy adoption within the industry.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/16674-google-kuluttaa-enemmaen-saehkoeae-kuin-moni-valtio
Tomi Engdahl says:
Assessing The Energy Efficiency Of Programming Languages
https://hackaday.com/2024/09/10/assessing-the-energy-efficiency-of-programming-languages/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Reuters:
Utilities, regulators, and researchers in six countries say the power demand surge caused by AI and data centers is being met in the near-term by fossil fuels
Data-center reliance on fossil fuels may delay clean-energy transition
https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/how-ai-cloud-computing-may-delay-transition-clean-energy-2024-11-21/
Data centers increase reliance on fossil fuels, delaying transition to clean energy
Utilities add gas plants, delay retirements to meet data-center demand
Data companies’ green pledges fall short, rely on existing clean power
A spike in electricity demand from the world’s big data providers is raising a worrying possibility for the world’s climate: a near-term surge in fossil-fuel use.
Utilities, power regulators and researchers in a half-dozen countries told Reuters the surprising growth in power demand driven by the rise of artificial intelligence and cloud computing is being met in the near-term by fossil fuels like natural gas, and even coal, because the pace of clean-energy deployments is moving too slowly to keep up.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Sustinaires ry
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Rb0uSjM6ymhKkmRuSzGNnr3R2T7rezH8/view
Tomi Engdahl says:
Datakeskuksien sähköntarve voi johtaa energiapulaan. Tekoäly kasvattaa sähkönkulutusta räjähdysmäisesti, Gartner arvioi.
Raju ennnuste: Sähkönkulutus räjähtää käsiin, datakeskuksia uhkaa energiapula
7.12.202417:30
Sähkö
Tekoäly
Digitalous
Energia
Datakeskuksien sähköntarve voi johtaa energiapulaan. Tekoäly kasvattaa sähkönkulutusta räjähdysmäisesti, Gartner arvioi.
https://www.uusisuomi.fi/uutiset/us/6dcf9eef-678a-46f6-b24d-87548d17b0de?utm_term=Autofeed&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR1Bei2Hg6MBhnmFNjq4ioselTyBfgSNOAEcmdImnse1955O6ru6HSx7rfs_aem_10JXPpXf99lP7o9pFg_fhw#Echobox=1733586081
40 prosenttia datakeskuksista tulee olemaan toimintarajoitteisia vuoteen 2027 mennessä, kertoo konsulttiyhtiö Gartner. Tilanne johtuu tekoälyn kasvattamasta sähkönkulutuksesta.
Gartner arvioi, että tekoälyyn optimisoitujen datakeskuksien tarvitsema teho on 500 terawattituntia vuodessa vuonna 2027. Datakeskukset tarvitsivat vain 195 terawattituntia vuodessa viime vuonna. Gartnerin analyytikko Bob Johnson kertoo, että datakeskuksien vaatima sähköntarve tulee ylittämään sähkölaitosten kyvyn laajentaa kapasiteettiaan riittävän nopeasti.
Päivän politiikan aiheet kätevässä paketissa – Tilaa Uuden Suomen maksuton uutiskirje
”Tämä puolestaan uhkaa häiritä energian saatavuutta ja johtaa energiapulaan, mikä rajoittaa datakeskusten kasvua vuodesta 2026 alkaen”, Johnson kertoo Gartnerin analyysissa.
Gartner Predicts Power Shortages Will Restrict 40% of AI Data Centers By 2027
Sydney, Australia, November 12, 2024
Rapid Growth in Energy Consumption For GenAI Will Exceed Power Utilities’ Capacity
AI and generative AI (GenAI) are driving rapid increases in electricity consumption, with data center forecasts over the next two years reaching as high as 160% growth, according to Gartner, Inc. As a result, Gartner predicts 40% of existing AI data centers will be operationally constrained by power availability by 2027.
https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2024-11-12-gartner-predicts-power-shortages-will-restrict-40-percent-of-ai-data-centers-by-20270