In the tech world, there is a constant flow of changes and keeping up with them means the choice for tools and technologies which are the most appropriate to invest your time in. In 2025 the best programming language or technology stack to learn really depends on your personal aims, hobbies, and apps you are going to create.
The interest in Java is dropping. February 2025 TIOBE programming community index. C++, which has long been the cornerstone of system programming and performance-critical applications, has officially overtaken Java to take second place in the TIOBE programming language popularity index. A new report from the Java vendor Azul claims that 88% of companies are considering moving off of Oracle Java to another alternative as a result of rising costs and restrictive policies from Oracle, among other issues.
The growing trend in the world of software development: speed matters. C++, Go, and Rust are gaining popularity because the need for computing power increases faster than speed of CPUs is increasing, sothere is a growing interest to the fast programming languages. While C++ is establishing itself, other fast languages are making significant strides. Go continues its top 10 ranking, while Rust has reached an all-time high.
Python still holds its place at the top of the programming world. Since the number of trained experts in the software industry is not enough to cover the growing need, professionals from many other fields are taking over programming skills with the help of Python. This ensures that Python maintains its position even as speed continues to be emphasized in programming language choices. Programs written with Python are often notoriously slow and inefficient. Python 3.14, due out later this year, is set to receive a new type of interpreter that can boost performance by up to 30% with no changes to existing code. Write Python like it’s 2025 and check Python Libraries That Will Make You Feel Like a Data Wizard.
There are also innovative alternatives to the popular languages are gaining steam—and one of them could be the perfect fit for your next project. Top programming languages to learn in 2025: Python, JavaScript, Rust, and more – maybe also Go. Check out also those 11 cutting-edge programming languages to learn now or decide it is better for you to not going to learn a new programming language this year.
Microsoft is actively pushing Visual Studio Code extensions for many uses and even replacing existing separate tools. GitHub Copilot is advertised as your AI pair programmer tool in Visual Studio Code. Check the Best VS Code Extensions to Boost Your Productivity.
Best Backend Frameworks for 2025: A Developer’s Guide to Making the Right Choice The stakes for choosing the right backend framework have never been higher. With the explosion of AI-powered applications, real-time processing requirements, and microservices architectures, your framework choice can make or break your project’s success.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is accelerating at an astonishing pace, quickly moving from emerging technologies to impacting coding a lot AI tools have come heavily to the coding. Coders use AI to help their coding in many ways. You can write code quickly. How to refactor code with GitHub Copilot. How To Build Web Components Using ChatGPT. There are also warnings that Using GitHub Copilot is one sure-fire way to never actually learn how to do coding.
The web has come a long way from static HTML pages to dynamic and highly interactive applications. When traditional JavaScript-based web apps struggle with performance-intensive tasks, WebAssembly (WASM) promises to enable near-native performance on the web. Read Why WebAssembly (WASM) is the Future of High-Performance Web Apps.
JavaScript in 2025 will see advancements in serverless architectures, integration with WebAssembly, adoption of microfrontends, and more. JavaScript is also a fighting field. Deno filed a petition with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to cancel Oracle’s trademark in November 2024. Oracle will not voluntarily release its trademark on the word “JavaScript”. Building Modern React Apps in 2025 – A Guide to Cutting-Edge Tools and Tech Stacks
The open source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment Node.js will soon support TypeScript by default, without extra configuration. Node 23 will be able to run TypeScript files without any extra configuration. Express is an extremely commonly used web server application framework in Node.js.
Open Source in 2025: Strap In, Disruption Straight Ahead article takes a look for new tensions to arise in the New Year over licensing, the open source AI definition, security and compliance, and how to pay volunteer maintainers. For good news check out Top Open Source Projects to Watch in 2025 and 13 top open-source tools you must use for your next big project in 2025.
The Mobile Development Tech Stack for 2025 selection is important because the right tech stack can make or break your mobile app. The mobile development tech stack for 2025 is rich with opportunities.
Must-Know 2025 Developer’s Roadmap and Key Programming Trends article says that in the world of coding trends, one thing is clear: classic languages like Java, Python, and JavaScript are still important, but they’re being joined by new favorites such as Go and Rust. And when you ask “Is JavaScript or Python 2025?” the answer is rarely simple – and could be that you need both.
Here are some points:
Python’s Growth in Data Work and AI: Python continues to lead because of its easy-to-read style and the huge number of libraries available for tasks from data work to artificial intelligence. Tools like TensorFlow and PyTorch make it a must-have.
JavaScript and Its Ongoing Role in Building Website: JavaScript (and by extension, TypeScript) is the basic building block. JavaScript is still essential for web work, running both the parts you see on a site and the behind-the-scenes work, but many coders are now preferring TypeScript for business projects. Try building a small web app using React.
The Rise of Go and Rust: For those looking at future coding languages 2025, Go and Rust are getting a lot of attention.
Java, C++, and C#: The Reliable Favorites: Even in 2025, there’s no ignoring that languages like Java, C++, and C# are still important. Java continues to be a top choice for large business applications and Android app development, while C++ is key in systems work and game development.
There are several shifts that every aspiring coder should keep in mind:
Adding Artificial Intelligence to Coding: The future of coding is closely linked with AI
Building for the Cloud: With cloud computing becoming common, languages that handle many tasks at once and run fast (like Go and Rust) are more important than ever.
The Need for Full-Stack Skills: Coders today are expected to handle both the front part of websites and the back-end work. JavaScript, along with tools like Node.js and modern front-end libraries, is key.
Focus on Safety and Speed: With online security becoming a big issue, languages that help avoid mistakes are getting more attention. Rust’s features that prevent memory errors and Go’s straightforward style are good examples.
Keep Learning and Stay Flexible: One thing that never changes in tech is change itself. What is popular in 2024 might be different in 2025.
Here’s a simple table that sums up some facts in plain language:
| Language | 2025 Trend | Main Advantage | Resource Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python | Leads in data work and AI | Easy to read, lots of tools | GeeksforGeeks |
| JavaScript | Essential for building websites | Works everywhere on the web | Snappify |
| TypeScript | Becoming popular in large projects | Helps catch errors early | Fullstack Academy |
| Go | Growing quickly in cloud computing | Fast and handles many tasks at once | Nucamp |
| Rust | New favorite for safe, low-level coding | Prevents common memory mistakes | The Ceres Group |
| Java | Still important for big business and Android work | Runs on many types of systems | Wikipedia |
Best Dev Stacks to Learn in 2025lists the top development stacks for 2025 to be:
1. MERN Stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React, Node.js)
2. MEVN Stack (MongoDB, Express.js, Vue.js, Node.js)
3. JAMstack (JavaScript, APIs, Markup)
4. T3 Stack (Next.js, TypeScript, tRPC, Tailwind CSS, Prisma)
5. Flutter Stack (Flutter, Firebase)
6. PERN Stack (PostgreSQL, Express.js, React, Node.js)
7. Django Stack (Django, PostgreSQL, React/Angular)
8. DevOps Stack (Docker, Kubernetes, Jenkins, Terraform)
9. AI/ML Stack (Python, TensorFlow, PyTorch, FastAPI)
10. Blockchain Development Stack (Solidity, Ethereum, Hardhat)
11. Spring Boot + React Stack
10 hot programming trends — and 10 going cold
Hot: Repatriation
Not: Cloud bills
Hot: AI partners
Not: Human pair programming
Hot: Rust
Not: C/C++
Hot: Wasm
Not: Interpreters
Hot: CPUs
Not: GPUs
Hot: Zero-knowledge proofs
Not: Digital signatures
Hot: Trustworthy ledgers
Not: Turing-complete ledgers
Hot: GraphQL
Not: REST
Hot: Static site generators
Not: Single-page apps
Hot: Database configuration
Not: Software programming
What’s trending in Software-driven Automation (SDA) in 2025? Here are some predictions:
1. Virtual Safe Control – A new and novel concept introduced by CODESYS and SILista, making it possible to implement Functional Safety controller reaching SIL2 or even SIL3 level, using generic hardware with help of software virtualisation. This will significantly decrease cost of hardware and speed up development cycle.
2. Open platforms – This trend started already last year, and now we’re seeing more and more automation vendors coming this way. #ctrlXOS opened the game, and there are other vendors like Phoenix coming the same way with their PLCnext Virtualised.
3. Model-based Design (MBD) – An old concept but not yet fully utilised in development. Maybe because lack of well integrated toolchains in the past. But now we’re seeing more and more industrial players adopting the methodology in their product development.
4. AI, of course, but how? Naturally AI can assist in efficient software development and testing. Also some algorithm optimisation and condition monitoring with AI and ML has been seen.
214 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
Every React Concept Explained in 12 Minutes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIyHSOugGGw
Tomi Engdahl says:
Why is JWT popular?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2CPd9ynFLg
This is by far the best description of the pros cons and implications of JWT use and the different flavours that i have seen. Balanced simple and factual
This is a good intro to JWTs. Although, I do think that JWT, oauth and oidc is being somewhat mixed together. JWT’s does not necessarily provide authorization or authentication. JWT is just a standard for signing JSON claims.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Good APIs Vs Bad APIs: 7 Tips for API Design
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gQaygjm_hg
Tomi Engdahl says:
Gergely Orosz / The Pragmatic Engineer:
A look at the potential reasons why software developer job listings on Indeed hit a five-year low in January, down 35% from 2020, including the impact of AI — Hi, this is Gergely with a bonus issue of the Pragmatic Engineer Newsletter. In every issue, I cover topics related to Big Tech …
Software engineering job openings hit five-year low?
https://blog.pragmaticengineer.com/software-engineer-jobs-five-year-low/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Silicon Valley Software Engineers Horrified as They Can’t Easily Find Jobs Anymore
I regret caring so much about “shareholder value.’
https://futurism.com/silicon-valley-engineers-jobs
Tomi Engdahl says:
Why do younger coders struggle to break through the FOSS graybeard barrier?
The hurdles are higher than you might imagine
https://www.theregister.com/2025/02/14/youngsters_in_foss/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://javascript.plainenglish.io/5-most-powerful-advanced-javascript-concepts-9d78cc22287a
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.phoronix.com/forums/forum/software/programming-compilers/1528533-greg-kroah-hartman-makes-a-compelling-case-for-new-linux-kernel-drivers-to-be-written-in-rust
Tomi Engdahl says:
Which Is the Best Python Web Framework: Django, Flask, or FastAPI?
https://blog.jetbrains.com/pycharm/2025/02/django-flask-fastapi/
Tomi Engdahl says:
ES6 to ES15 – Features list | JS
https://dev.to/shubhamtiwari909/es6-to-es14-features-list-57am
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/arpitstack/10-secret-git-commands-that-will-save-you-5-hours-every-week-1mpn
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/shubhamtiwari909/es6-to-es14-features-list-57am
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-features/how-rust-python-java-make-developers-happy/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3823201/buckle-up-for-faster-python-programs.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://yosefk.com/blog/cxx-thread-local-storage-performance.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/balrajola/10-git-commands-youll-wish-you-knew-earlier-2efg
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://thenewstack.io/best-terminal-applications-for-development/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2025/02/14/a-guide-to-making-the-right-microcontroller-choice/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://towardsdatascience.com/branching-out-4-git-workflows-for-collaborating-on-ml/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2466705-competition-opens-to-find-the-worlds-most-perplexing-computer-code/#Echobox=1739438297-1
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.tecmint.com/btop-system-monitoring-tool-for-linux/
Tomi Engdahl says:
KVM-Powered MatterV 0.7 Can Run Unmodified VMware VMs
https://www.phoronix.com/news/MatterV-0.7-Released
MatterV 0.7 is out today as the newest feature release to this open-source virtual machine management platform built atop KVM. MatterV aims to make it easy to manage VMs across different environments while with today’s v0.7 release adds the ability to run unmodified VMware virtual machines atop KVM.
While we know Broadcom/VMware is working to replace their proprietary hypervisor code with KVM use, MatterV 0.7 has now proved it possible for running unmodified VMware VMs on KVM. MatterV 0.7 supports running VMware Tools and the VMCI virtual machine communication interface inside VMs and provides a transition path going from VMware virtualization to KVM/MatterV.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Tässä on koodaajien suosikkikieli – Katso koko top 10 -lista
Mikko Nyman19.2.202508:15OhjelmointiPythonOhjelmistokehitys
Nopeat ohjelmointikielet ovat vuoden 2025 suosikkeja. Listan ylivoimaisena ykkösenä on kuukaudesta toiseen python.
https://www.tivi.fi/uutiset/tassa-on-koodaajien-suosikkikieli-katso-koko-top-10-lista/5356f38e-c635-45f6-84b9-de0f3fa6f066
Tomi Engdahl says:
Top 5 Debugging Tools
https://dev.to/dev_kiran/top-5-debugging-tools-4o9
Debugging can be challenging, but with the right tools, you can identify and fix bugs, security vulnerabilities, and coding violations effortlessly even before executing your codebase. This ensures cleaner, well-organized code and minimizes errors from the start.
In this article, I’ll share some of the best tools to help you debug easily.
qodo is one of the best tools you can find to run your static code analysis. It uses AI to analyze your code before executing it, identify potential bugs and security risks, and suggest improvements.
ESLint is an open-source project you can integrate and use for static code analysis. It is built to analyze your JavaScript codes and find and fix issues, allowing you to have your code at its best.
SonarQube is a widely used code analysis tool that helps you write clean, reliable, and secure code.
Codacy is a popular code analysis and quality tool that helps you deliver better software. It continuously reviews your code and monitors its quality from the beginning.
Coverity by Synopsys is one of the code scanning tools widely used for code analysis. It can help you easily identify and fix various issues, improving performance and reducing build times.
Coverity can be integrated with GitLab, GitHub, Jenkins, and Travis CI platforms, and it provides plugins for multiple IDEs, including VS Code.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/developerbishwas/best-backend-frameworks-for-2025-a-developers-guide-to-making-the-right-choice-45i0
Tomi Engdahl says:
Why WebAssembly (WASM) is the Future of High-Performance Web Apps
https://dev.to/vibhuvibes/why-webassembly-wasm-is-the-future-of-high-performance-web-apps-4713
How To Build Web Components Using ChatGPT
With AI assistance we can wrangle the native web platform — including custom elements — without the JavaScript industrial complex.
https://thenewstack.io/how-to-build-web-components-using-chatgpt/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3628818/write-python-like-its-2025.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
Express is an extremely commonly used web server application framework in Node.js. Essentially, a framework is a code structure that adheres to specific rules and has two key characteristics:
https://dev.to/leapcell/mastering-expressjs-a-deep-dive-4ef5
Tomi Engdahl says:
10 hot programming trends — and 10 going cold
https://www.infoworld.com/article/2259240/10-hot-programming-trends-and-10-going-cold.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Mobile Development Tech Stack for 2025
https://dev.to/abubakersiddique761/the-mobile-development-tech-stack-for-2025-5dm0
Tomi Engdahl says:
Building Modern React Apps in 2025 – A Guide to Cutting-Edge Tools and Tech Stacks
https://dev.to/andrewbaisden/building-modern-react-apps-in-2025-a-guide-to-cutting-edge-tools-and-tech-stacks-k8g
Tomi Engdahl says:
Why are developers ditching GitHub Copilot?
Why Developers Are Ditching GitHub Copilot
Using GitHub Copilot is one sure-fire way to never actually learn how to do coding. Developers emphasise the importance of maintaining a clear mental model of their code. Copilot is not very useful for anything beyond auto complete.
https://analyticsindiamag.com/deep-tech/why-developers-are-ditching-github-copilot/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/data-studio
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.qt.io/blog/introducing-generative-ai-in-qt
Tomi Engdahl says:
Extensions for Visual Studio Code
Develop your IAR Embedded Workbench projects directly from Visual Studio Code with our powerful extensions.
https://www.iar.com/products/visual-studio-code-extension/
The IAR Build Extension and IAR C-SPY Debug Extension
https://www.iar.com/products/visual-studio-code-extension/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.microchip.com/en-us/tools-resources/develop/mplab-extensions-vs-codehttps://www.microchip.com/en-us/tools-resources/develop/mplab-extensions-vs-code
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://sourcegraph.com/agents?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=22170467922&utm_term=ai%20agents&gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiAq-u9BhCjARIsANLj-s1SYjYeo152zpYwrElyhRGr1ADaIY9OWxRMTAYBBm8LuMfvwd0aYPMaAobSEALw_wcB
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.sonarsource.com/products/sonarcloud/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Just say no to JavaScript
opinion
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3616471/just-say-no-to-javascript.html
JavaScript gives you too many ways to shoot yourself in the foot. Just what you’d expect from a programming language that was created in a week.
The JavaScript programming language has a lot of history, but it was created over about — yes — a week in 1995. It was first called LiveScript, but the name was changed to JavaScript to ride the bandwagon for Java, despite having nothing to do with Java. It soon became very popular, enabling the web application revolution and drawing support by practically every web browser on the planet. Today JavaScript may be the most commonly used programming language in the world.
I’m not a fan.
I’ve said for years that JavaScript is to the web browser what assembly code is to the CPU. Sure, assembly is a powerful language, just as JavaScript is, but we have higher-order languages for a reason. And given that the browser is the real operating system these days, JavaScript should — and eventually will — go the way of assembly in the minds of developers.
I don’t deny JavaScript’s success and effectiveness. The web is built on it, and people have done amazing things with it despite its substantial shortcomings. But I just can’t bring myself to think of JavaScript as a language that we should be writing, just like only a precious few developers write assembly language today.
I prefer having a compiler write my assembly language when building Windows applications, and I prefer having compiled TypeScript write my JavaScript for me when building web applications.
TypeScript is another story. Now there is a programming language. Designed by the great Anders Hejlsberg, TypeScript has all of the benefits of JavaScript (such as they are) while adding a type system that is expressive and powerful. Frankly, I don’t understand why anyone would prefer JavaScript over TypeScript.
Why don’t you use TypeScript?
First, you can start with TypeScript at your own pace. It’s not all or nothing. All JavaScript code is TypeScript code. I (mostly) joke that I will be happy to charge a nice fee to convert all JavaScript development teams to TypeScript developers by simply changing all their *.js files to *.ts files. With that one change, they would become a TypeScript shop, and they wouldn’t have to change how they wrote code at all. They could then gradually start using TypeScript as they want.
My lack of understanding further stems from the lame objections that developers make to using TypeScript.
“JavaScript is great for quick prototypes”
Okay, that’s fine, but consider this: We all know that the notion of a “prototype” is kind of a joke. It’s sadly rare when a prototype is tossed aside and the “real” application is started again. Prototypes become the real application, and you are forever stuck with the bad foundational decisions you made when slapping together that prototype that you said you wouldn’t ever deploy but that you end up deploying anyway. The ability to quickly slap something together is not a virtue.
“JavaScript is good for beginners”
When I hear this one, I think, “I want budding developers to learn to code with bad habits and by not learning how a real programming language works.”
“The TypeScript compiler only finds minor errors”
Uhm, yes. Exactly right.
“All these types create too many errors”
Uhm, yes. Exactly right.
Okay, those last two comments were a bit flippant. But the errors are the point. The TypeScript compiler will find errors that could make it to deployment if not caught via testing. It is always better to find a problem earlier in the development cycle, and nothing is earlier than a little red squiggly showing up immediately as you type an error.
As for “Too many errors,” well, that’s a feature. TypeScript is precise, and precision is good and desirable when coding. There’s no limit to the ways you can shoot yourself in the foot with JavaScript.
“I can use unit testing to make sure my code works properly”
This is one argument that gives me pause. I love unit testing and test-driven development, and I think we all ought to be writing our code that way, so this argument is compelling. But then I remember that you can do unit testing with TypeScript as well, so this argument kind of falls apart.
Bad programming language, bad code
When you say “I can develop quickly with JavaScript,” I hear “This project is going to be a maintenance nightmare.” When you say “I don’t like all that verbosity. JavaScript is simpler and more concise,” all I hear is “I like code to be inscrutable when I come back to it.” When you say “I just want to solve the problem and not deal with all those types,” I hear “I just want to create a huge pile of problems for myself later.” When you say “It’s hard to put types on everything,” I hear “Wah, wah, wah, wah.”
Ultimately, JavaScript was the right thing at the right time. It ended up being folded, spindled, and mutilated to serve purposes that it isn’t well suited for. That’s why TypeScript came along.
Tomi Engdahl says:
TrapC proposal to fix C/C++ memory safety
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3836025/trapc-proposal-to-fix-c-c-memory-safety.html
The C-language extension compiler includes memory-safe pointers along with new safety features not found in C or C++.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Do more with Python’s new built-in async programming library
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3833932/do-more-with-pythons-new-built-in-async-programming-library.html
Gear up for spring with our favorite how-to’s and to-do’s for Python developers—starting with the new, built-in async/await syntax and asyncio library.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3835168/rust-1-85-arrives-with-long-awaited-async-closures.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3835918/googles-alloydb-is-looking-more-and-more-like-postgresql.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3616471/just-say-no-to-javascript.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://towardsdatascience.com/is-python-set-to-surpass-its-competitors/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://content.techgig.com/upskilling-at-techgig/9-crucial-python-tools-every-developer-need-right-now/articleshow/118585107.cms
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/sfundomhlungu/how-to-say-hello-world-in-x86-assembly-2bpm
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/anmolbaranwal/10-best-qa-tools-that-make-debugging-and-bug-reporting-easier-3i8a
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/phalkmin/how-learning-about-the-art-of-sushi-made-me-a-better-dev-700
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://simonwillison.net/2025/Feb/27/typescript-types-can-run-doom/