In the tech world, there is a constant flow of changes and keeping up with them means the choice for tools and technologies which are the most appropriate to invest your time in. In 2025 the best programming language or technology stack to learn really depends on your personal aims, hobbies, and apps you are going to create.
The interest in Java is dropping. February 2025 TIOBE programming community index. C++, which has long been the cornerstone of system programming and performance-critical applications, has officially overtaken Java to take second place in the TIOBE programming language popularity index. A new report from the Java vendor Azul claims that 88% of companies are considering moving off of Oracle Java to another alternative as a result of rising costs and restrictive policies from Oracle, among other issues.
The growing trend in the world of software development: speed matters. C++, Go, and Rust are gaining popularity because the need for computing power increases faster than speed of CPUs is increasing, sothere is a growing interest to the fast programming languages. While C++ is establishing itself, other fast languages are making significant strides. Go continues its top 10 ranking, while Rust has reached an all-time high.
Python still holds its place at the top of the programming world. Since the number of trained experts in the software industry is not enough to cover the growing need, professionals from many other fields are taking over programming skills with the help of Python. This ensures that Python maintains its position even as speed continues to be emphasized in programming language choices. Programs written with Python are often notoriously slow and inefficient. Python 3.14, due out later this year, is set to receive a new type of interpreter that can boost performance by up to 30% with no changes to existing code. Write Python like it’s 2025 and check Python Libraries That Will Make You Feel Like a Data Wizard.
There are also innovative alternatives to the popular languages are gaining steam—and one of them could be the perfect fit for your next project. Top programming languages to learn in 2025: Python, JavaScript, Rust, and more – maybe also Go. Check out also those 11 cutting-edge programming languages to learn now or decide it is better for you to not going to learn a new programming language this year.
Microsoft is actively pushing Visual Studio Code extensions for many uses and even replacing existing separate tools. GitHub Copilot is advertised as your AI pair programmer tool in Visual Studio Code. Check the Best VS Code Extensions to Boost Your Productivity.
Best Backend Frameworks for 2025: A Developer’s Guide to Making the Right Choice The stakes for choosing the right backend framework have never been higher. With the explosion of AI-powered applications, real-time processing requirements, and microservices architectures, your framework choice can make or break your project’s success.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is accelerating at an astonishing pace, quickly moving from emerging technologies to impacting coding a lot AI tools have come heavily to the coding. Coders use AI to help their coding in many ways. You can write code quickly. How to refactor code with GitHub Copilot. How To Build Web Components Using ChatGPT. There are also warnings that Using GitHub Copilot is one sure-fire way to never actually learn how to do coding.
The web has come a long way from static HTML pages to dynamic and highly interactive applications. When traditional JavaScript-based web apps struggle with performance-intensive tasks, WebAssembly (WASM) promises to enable near-native performance on the web. Read Why WebAssembly (WASM) is the Future of High-Performance Web Apps.
JavaScript in 2025 will see advancements in serverless architectures, integration with WebAssembly, adoption of microfrontends, and more. JavaScript is also a fighting field. Deno filed a petition with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to cancel Oracle’s trademark in November 2024. Oracle will not voluntarily release its trademark on the word “JavaScript”. Building Modern React Apps in 2025 – A Guide to Cutting-Edge Tools and Tech Stacks
The open source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment Node.js will soon support TypeScript by default, without extra configuration. Node 23 will be able to run TypeScript files without any extra configuration. Express is an extremely commonly used web server application framework in Node.js.
Open Source in 2025: Strap In, Disruption Straight Ahead article takes a look for new tensions to arise in the New Year over licensing, the open source AI definition, security and compliance, and how to pay volunteer maintainers. For good news check out Top Open Source Projects to Watch in 2025 and 13 top open-source tools you must use for your next big project in 2025.
The Mobile Development Tech Stack for 2025 selection is important because the right tech stack can make or break your mobile app. The mobile development tech stack for 2025 is rich with opportunities.
Must-Know 2025 Developer’s Roadmap and Key Programming Trends article says that in the world of coding trends, one thing is clear: classic languages like Java, Python, and JavaScript are still important, but they’re being joined by new favorites such as Go and Rust. And when you ask “Is JavaScript or Python 2025?” the answer is rarely simple – and could be that you need both.
Here are some points:
Python’s Growth in Data Work and AI: Python continues to lead because of its easy-to-read style and the huge number of libraries available for tasks from data work to artificial intelligence. Tools like TensorFlow and PyTorch make it a must-have.
JavaScript and Its Ongoing Role in Building Website: JavaScript (and by extension, TypeScript) is the basic building block. JavaScript is still essential for web work, running both the parts you see on a site and the behind-the-scenes work, but many coders are now preferring TypeScript for business projects. Try building a small web app using React.
The Rise of Go and Rust: For those looking at future coding languages 2025, Go and Rust are getting a lot of attention.
Java, C++, and C#: The Reliable Favorites: Even in 2025, there’s no ignoring that languages like Java, C++, and C# are still important. Java continues to be a top choice for large business applications and Android app development, while C++ is key in systems work and game development.
There are several shifts that every aspiring coder should keep in mind:
Adding Artificial Intelligence to Coding: The future of coding is closely linked with AI
Building for the Cloud: With cloud computing becoming common, languages that handle many tasks at once and run fast (like Go and Rust) are more important than ever.
The Need for Full-Stack Skills: Coders today are expected to handle both the front part of websites and the back-end work. JavaScript, along with tools like Node.js and modern front-end libraries, is key.
Focus on Safety and Speed: With online security becoming a big issue, languages that help avoid mistakes are getting more attention. Rust’s features that prevent memory errors and Go’s straightforward style are good examples.
Keep Learning and Stay Flexible: One thing that never changes in tech is change itself. What is popular in 2024 might be different in 2025.
Here’s a simple table that sums up some facts in plain language:
| Language | 2025 Trend | Main Advantage | Resource Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python | Leads in data work and AI | Easy to read, lots of tools | GeeksforGeeks |
| JavaScript | Essential for building websites | Works everywhere on the web | Snappify |
| TypeScript | Becoming popular in large projects | Helps catch errors early | Fullstack Academy |
| Go | Growing quickly in cloud computing | Fast and handles many tasks at once | Nucamp |
| Rust | New favorite for safe, low-level coding | Prevents common memory mistakes | The Ceres Group |
| Java | Still important for big business and Android work | Runs on many types of systems | Wikipedia |
Best Dev Stacks to Learn in 2025lists the top development stacks for 2025 to be:
1. MERN Stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React, Node.js)
2. MEVN Stack (MongoDB, Express.js, Vue.js, Node.js)
3. JAMstack (JavaScript, APIs, Markup)
4. T3 Stack (Next.js, TypeScript, tRPC, Tailwind CSS, Prisma)
5. Flutter Stack (Flutter, Firebase)
6. PERN Stack (PostgreSQL, Express.js, React, Node.js)
7. Django Stack (Django, PostgreSQL, React/Angular)
8. DevOps Stack (Docker, Kubernetes, Jenkins, Terraform)
9. AI/ML Stack (Python, TensorFlow, PyTorch, FastAPI)
10. Blockchain Development Stack (Solidity, Ethereum, Hardhat)
11. Spring Boot + React Stack
10 hot programming trends — and 10 going cold
Hot: Repatriation
Not: Cloud bills
Hot: AI partners
Not: Human pair programming
Hot: Rust
Not: C/C++
Hot: Wasm
Not: Interpreters
Hot: CPUs
Not: GPUs
Hot: Zero-knowledge proofs
Not: Digital signatures
Hot: Trustworthy ledgers
Not: Turing-complete ledgers
Hot: GraphQL
Not: REST
Hot: Static site generators
Not: Single-page apps
Hot: Database configuration
Not: Software programming
What’s trending in Software-driven Automation (SDA) in 2025? Here are some predictions:
1. Virtual Safe Control – A new and novel concept introduced by CODESYS and SILista, making it possible to implement Functional Safety controller reaching SIL2 or even SIL3 level, using generic hardware with help of software virtualisation. This will significantly decrease cost of hardware and speed up development cycle.
2. Open platforms – This trend started already last year, and now we’re seeing more and more automation vendors coming this way. #ctrlXOS opened the game, and there are other vendors like Phoenix coming the same way with their PLCnext Virtualised.
3. Model-based Design (MBD) – An old concept but not yet fully utilised in development. Maybe because lack of well integrated toolchains in the past. But now we’re seeing more and more industrial players adopting the methodology in their product development.
4. AI, of course, but how? Naturally AI can assist in efficient software development and testing. Also some algorithm optimisation and condition monitoring with AI and ML has been seen.
195 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/mongodb/build-a-basic-crud-application-with-flask-pymongo-1kp3
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/balrajola/modern-javascript-patterns-youll-want-to-use-in-2025-3m4k
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/sfundomhlungu/building-distributed-systems-with-nodejs-1b12
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://realpython.com/courses/single-double-underscore-naming-conventions/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Bun is a fast JavaScript
runtime|
Develop, test, run, and bundle JavaScript & TypeScript projects—all with Bun. Bun is an all-in-one JavaScript runtime & toolkit designed for speed, complete with a bundler, test runner, and Node.js-compatible package manager. Bun aims for 100% Node.js compatibility.
https://bun.sh/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blog.sachinchaurasiya.dev/how-web-worker-works-with-a-practical-example
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2025/02/20/prevent-open-source-tool-to-detect-malicious-code-in-pull-requests/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.phoronix.com/news/GNU-Emacs-30.1-Released
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/silviaodwyer/10-open-source-documentation-frameworks-to-check-out-331f
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://berthub.eu/articles/posts/you-can-no-longer-base-your-government-and-society-on-us-clouds/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/oyegoke/dos-and-donts-of-self-learning-web-development-1h14
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.14-rc4
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/google/google-chrome-disables-ublock-origin-for-some-in-manifest-v3-rollout/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.baeldung.com/activej
ActiveJ is a lightweight Java framework for high-performance applications. We can use it to create minimalistic and modular applications with a fast startup and a small memory footprint. It provides features like asynchronous I/O, dependency injection, efficient serialization, and reactive programming support.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.techzine.eu/blogs/infrastructure/128905/hpe-vme-is-now-available-will-it-be-the-new-vmware/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/dzakh/javascript-schema-library-from-the-future-5420
Tomi Engdahl says:
Choosing the Right Transport Protocol: TCP vs. UDP vs. QUIC
A decision-making framework breaking down the strengths, weaknesses and ideal use cases to help users choose the proper protocol for their systems.
https://thenewstack.io/choosing-the-right-transport-protocol-tcp-vs-udp-vs-quic/
We often think of protocol choice as a purely technical decision, but it’s a critical factor in the user experience and how your application is consumed. This is a high-impact business decision, making it crucial for the technical team first to understand the business situation and priorities.
Choosing the right transport protocol — TCP, UDP or QUIC — profoundly impacts scalability, reliability and performance. These protocols function like different postal services, each offering a unique approach to delivering messages across networks.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Rust-Written Zlib-rs Is Not Only Safer But Now Outperforming Zlib C Implementations
https://www.phoronix.com/news/Zlib-rs-0.4.2
Zlib-rs as a Rust programming language implementation of the Zlib file format for better safety is now beginning to outperform the C implementations of the widely-used Zlib.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Java 24: Build Games, Prototypes, Utilities, and More—With Less Boilerplate
https://blog.jetbrains.com/idea/2025/02/java-24-build-games-prototypes-utilities-and-more-with-less-boilerplate/
Tomi Engdahl says:
How’s that open source licensing coming along? That well, huh?
When a vendor and a community stop loving each other, things can get very forked up
https://www.theregister.com/2025/02/24/open_source_licensing/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blog.adafruit.com/2025/02/24/freetube-an-open-source-youtube/
While it’s still in Beta, this open source desktop YouTube player allows you to watch videos in peace. If you’re into not having to skip ads every few minutes, check out the details shared by FreeTubeApp GitHub.
https://github.com/FreeTubeApp/FreeTube
Tomi Engdahl says:
11 rules for writing better code
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3832644/11-rules-for-writing-better-code.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
Why Kafka? A Developer-Friendly Guide to Event-Driven Architecture
https://dev.to/lovestaco/why-kafka-a-developer-friendly-guide-to-event-driven-architecture-4ekf
Kafka is an open-source distributed event streaming platform designed for handling real-time data feeds.
Originally developed at LinkedIn and later open-sourced under the Apache Software Foundation, Kafka is now widely used for building high-throughput, fault-tolerant, and scalable data pipelines, real-time analytics, and event-driven architectures.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/rem0nfawzi/typescript-interfaces-vs-type-alias-bpk
Tomi Engdahl says:
Farewell to Build Scripts as Docker Bake Goes GA
https://www.infoq.com/news/2025/02/docker-bake-ga/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Open Source Tools for Streamlining Release Management
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javascript
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programming
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webdev
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react
Release management in software development ensures that new features, bug fixes, and updates are delivered to users effectively and efficiently. Without the right tools, it can feel like a chaotic juggling act. Fortunately, open source tools provide powerful, flexible, and cost-effective solutions to streamline this process. This post explores key open source tools such as Grafana, Prometheus, and Flagsmith that can help teams manage releases with ease and confidence.
https://dev.to/jaysaadana/open-source-tools-for-streamlining-release-management-2bcf
Tomi Engdahl says:
http://mininet.org/
Mininet creates a realistic virtual network, running real kernel, switch and application code, on a single machine (VM, cloud or native), in seconds, with a single command
Tomi Engdahl says:
Do’s and Dont’s of self learning web development
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webdev
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javascript
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https://dev.to/oyegoke/dos-and-donts-of-self-learning-web-development-1h14
beginners
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tutorial
I grew up as a curious kid, picking up books I could lay my hands on, driving screwdrivers at electrical gadgets in the home. This, I would say, fueled my drive to get into tech as a self-learning frontend developer. However, my journey has been stalled by quite a number of challenges, major one being self-doubt (as much as I hate to admit) and in turn has made finding consistency a tough nut to crack.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Goodbye Create React App, Hello TanStack Create React App
In other developer news: Anaconda is offering a new natural language, AI-tool for data; and Vercel adds support for React Router v7 Apps.
https://thenewstack.io/goodbye-create-react-app-hello-tanstack-create-react-app/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Curl’s Daniel Stenberg on Securing 180,000 Lines of C Code
The volunteer team has cut unnecessary functions, developed a CI suite of torture tests and has gained CVE-numbering authority. But they refuse to rewrite the project in Rust.
https://thenewstack.io/curls-daniel-stenberg-on-securing-180000-lines-of-c-code/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/muratkeremozcan/page-objects-vs-functional-helpers-2akj
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.xda-developers.com/proxmox-vs-harvester/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.cnx-software.com/2025/02/24/the-openvoiceos-foundation-aims-to-enable-open-source-privacy-and-customization-for-voice-assistants/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://pyroscope.io/
https://github.com/grafana/pyroscope
Grafana Pyroscope is a continuous profiling platform designed to surface performance insights from your applications, helping you optimize resource usage such as CPU, memory, and I/O operations. With Pyroscope, you can both proactively and reactively address performance bottlenecks across your system.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/somadevtoo/the-software-design-system-design-interview-preparation-roadmap-with-resources-1no0
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/hmpljs/we-have-implemented-new-features-in-hmpl-to-help-developers-make-web-apps-smaller-in-size-pef
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-introduces-typescript-58-explore-the-latest-features-and-enhancements/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Implementing an API with Background Tasks: A Pragmatic Approach
https://dev.to/lovestaco/implementing-an-api-with-background-tasks-a-pragmatic-approach-5fbd
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.theregister.com/2025/03/02/c_creator_calls_for_action/
sasa says:
good
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2025/03/10/freeing-windows/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Rust tulee autoissa C:n ja C++-koodin rinnalle
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/17256-rust-tulee-autoissa-c-n-ja-c-koodin-rinnalle
Ohjelmointikieli Rust ottaa merkittävän askeleen kohti laajempaa käyttöä autojen järjestelmissä. Saksalainen HighTec EDV-Systeme GmbH ja hollantilainen Solid Sands B.V. ovat ilmoittaneet strategisesta yhteistyöstään, jonka tavoitteena on tuoda Rust-kirjastojen turvallisuussertifiointi autoteollisuuteen. Yhteistyön myötä Rustin käyttö autojen sulautetuissa järjestelmissä saa vahvemman jalansijan, mikä voi syrjäyttää perinteiset C- ja C++-kielet tietyissä sovelluksissa.
Rust tunnetaan erityisesti muistiturvallisuudestaan, mikä vähentää ohjelmistovirheistä aiheutuvia haavoittuvuuksia. Koska autoteollisuudessa turvallisuus on ensisijaisen tärkeää, Rustin käyttö voi parantaa ohjelmistojen luotettavuutta ja vähentää kehityksen aikaisia virhekorjauksia. HighTecin tarjoama Rust- ja C/C++-yhteensopiva työkaluketju tukee ISO 26262 ASIL D -vaatimuksia, mikä mahdollistaa Rustin käytön myös kaikkein kriittisimmissä autoteollisuuden sovelluksissa.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Should you still learn to code?
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/oLHP9ETXWQo
how programmers *actually* review code #programming
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/lUBPD2bWodA
Tomi Engdahl says:
TrapC: A C Extension For The Memory Safety Boogeyman
https://hackaday.com/2025/03/11/trapc-a-c-extension-for-the-memory-safety-boogeyman/
In the world of programming languages it often feels like being stuck in a Groundhog Day-esque loop through purgatory, as effectively the same problems are being solved over and over, with previous solutions forgotten and there’s always that one jubilant inventor stumbling out of a darkened basement with the One True Solution™ to everything that plagues this world beset by the Unspeakable Horror that is the C programming language.
As the latest entry to pledge its fealty at the altar of the Church of the Holy Memory Safety, TrapC promises to fix C, while also lambasting Rust for allowing that terrible unsafe keyword. Of course, since this is yet another loop through purgatory, the entire idea that the problem is C and some perceived issue with this nebulous ‘memory safety’ is still a red herring, as pointed out previously.
In other words, it’s time for a fun trip back to the 1970s when many of the same arguments were being rehashed already, before the early 1980s saw the Steelman language requirements condensed by renowned experts into the Ada programming language. As it turns out, memory safety is a miniscule part of a well-written program.
TrapC: Memory Safe C Programming with No UB
https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3423.pdf
TrapC3 is a programming language forked from C, with changes to make it LangSec and
Memory Safe.4 To accomplish that, TrapC seeks to eliminate all Undefined Behavior (UB)5 in
the C programming language. TrapC has about the same number of language keywords as C, is a
much smaller programming language than C++. What’s different about TrapC from other C code
safety approaches, such as MISRA C,6 is TrapC enforces code safety at the language level, not as
a list of recommended best practices.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2025/03/11/how-to-use-llms-for-programming-tasks/
https://simonwillison.net/2025/Mar/11/using-llms-for-code/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Get Promoted as a Software Eng (million lines of code hack)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPMC1VXtLz8
How to get promoted as a software engineer / programmer by writing a million lines of code in one file (dangerously easy)
Trying out the vertical videos outside of shorts, let me know if you love it (do not let me know if you hate it my fragile ego can’t take it, thanks).
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://news.itsfoss.com/nova-gpu-driver-linux/
Nvidia Driver Written in Rust Could Arrive With Linux Kernel 6.15
The Nova GPU driver is still evolving, but a kernel debut is near.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://devclass.com/2025/03/10/pypi-repository-takes-steps-towards-paid-services-as-volunteers-struggle-to-meet-demand/
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Role of Consistency in Software Engineering: Why Daily Practice Beats Weekend Learning
https://dev.to/jps27cse/the-role-of-consistency-in-software-engineering-why-daily-practice-beats-weekend-learning-36b9
Tomi Engdahl says:
Bloomberg:
Sources: Supabase, which bills itself as an open-source alternative to Google’s Firebase, is raising $100M+ in a round led by Accel, valuing the company at ~$2B
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-03-12/supabase-developer-platform-raises-cash-at-2-billion-valuation