In the tech world, there is a constant flow of changes and keeping up with them means the choice for tools and technologies which are the most appropriate to invest your time in. In 2025 the best programming language or technology stack to learn really depends on your personal aims, hobbies, and apps you are going to create.
The interest in Java is dropping. February 2025 TIOBE programming community index. C++, which has long been the cornerstone of system programming and performance-critical applications, has officially overtaken Java to take second place in the TIOBE programming language popularity index. A new report from the Java vendor Azul claims that 88% of companies are considering moving off of Oracle Java to another alternative as a result of rising costs and restrictive policies from Oracle, among other issues.
The growing trend in the world of software development: speed matters. C++, Go, and Rust are gaining popularity because the need for computing power increases faster than speed of CPUs is increasing, sothere is a growing interest to the fast programming languages. While C++ is establishing itself, other fast languages are making significant strides. Go continues its top 10 ranking, while Rust has reached an all-time high.
Python still holds its place at the top of the programming world. Since the number of trained experts in the software industry is not enough to cover the growing need, professionals from many other fields are taking over programming skills with the help of Python. This ensures that Python maintains its position even as speed continues to be emphasized in programming language choices. Programs written with Python are often notoriously slow and inefficient. Python 3.14, due out later this year, is set to receive a new type of interpreter that can boost performance by up to 30% with no changes to existing code. Write Python like it’s 2025 and check Python Libraries That Will Make You Feel Like a Data Wizard.
There are also innovative alternatives to the popular languages are gaining steam—and one of them could be the perfect fit for your next project. Top programming languages to learn in 2025: Python, JavaScript, Rust, and more – maybe also Go. Check out also those 11 cutting-edge programming languages to learn now or decide it is better for you to not going to learn a new programming language this year.
Microsoft is actively pushing Visual Studio Code extensions for many uses and even replacing existing separate tools. GitHub Copilot is advertised as your AI pair programmer tool in Visual Studio Code. Check the Best VS Code Extensions to Boost Your Productivity.
Best Backend Frameworks for 2025: A Developer’s Guide to Making the Right Choice The stakes for choosing the right backend framework have never been higher. With the explosion of AI-powered applications, real-time processing requirements, and microservices architectures, your framework choice can make or break your project’s success.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is accelerating at an astonishing pace, quickly moving from emerging technologies to impacting coding a lot AI tools have come heavily to the coding. Coders use AI to help their coding in many ways. You can write code quickly. How to refactor code with GitHub Copilot. How To Build Web Components Using ChatGPT. There are also warnings that Using GitHub Copilot is one sure-fire way to never actually learn how to do coding.
The web has come a long way from static HTML pages to dynamic and highly interactive applications. When traditional JavaScript-based web apps struggle with performance-intensive tasks, WebAssembly (WASM) promises to enable near-native performance on the web. Read Why WebAssembly (WASM) is the Future of High-Performance Web Apps.
JavaScript in 2025 will see advancements in serverless architectures, integration with WebAssembly, adoption of microfrontends, and more. JavaScript is also a fighting field. Deno filed a petition with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to cancel Oracle’s trademark in November 2024. Oracle will not voluntarily release its trademark on the word “JavaScript”. Building Modern React Apps in 2025 – A Guide to Cutting-Edge Tools and Tech Stacks
The open source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment Node.js will soon support TypeScript by default, without extra configuration. Node 23 will be able to run TypeScript files without any extra configuration. Express is an extremely commonly used web server application framework in Node.js.
Open Source in 2025: Strap In, Disruption Straight Ahead article takes a look for new tensions to arise in the New Year over licensing, the open source AI definition, security and compliance, and how to pay volunteer maintainers. For good news check out Top Open Source Projects to Watch in 2025 and 13 top open-source tools you must use for your next big project in 2025.
The Mobile Development Tech Stack for 2025 selection is important because the right tech stack can make or break your mobile app. The mobile development tech stack for 2025 is rich with opportunities.
Must-Know 2025 Developer’s Roadmap and Key Programming Trends article says that in the world of coding trends, one thing is clear: classic languages like Java, Python, and JavaScript are still important, but they’re being joined by new favorites such as Go and Rust. And when you ask “Is JavaScript or Python 2025?” the answer is rarely simple – and could be that you need both.
Here are some points:
Python’s Growth in Data Work and AI: Python continues to lead because of its easy-to-read style and the huge number of libraries available for tasks from data work to artificial intelligence. Tools like TensorFlow and PyTorch make it a must-have.
JavaScript and Its Ongoing Role in Building Website: JavaScript (and by extension, TypeScript) is the basic building block. JavaScript is still essential for web work, running both the parts you see on a site and the behind-the-scenes work, but many coders are now preferring TypeScript for business projects. Try building a small web app using React.
The Rise of Go and Rust: For those looking at future coding languages 2025, Go and Rust are getting a lot of attention.
Java, C++, and C#: The Reliable Favorites: Even in 2025, there’s no ignoring that languages like Java, C++, and C# are still important. Java continues to be a top choice for large business applications and Android app development, while C++ is key in systems work and game development.
There are several shifts that every aspiring coder should keep in mind:
Adding Artificial Intelligence to Coding: The future of coding is closely linked with AI
Building for the Cloud: With cloud computing becoming common, languages that handle many tasks at once and run fast (like Go and Rust) are more important than ever.
The Need for Full-Stack Skills: Coders today are expected to handle both the front part of websites and the back-end work. JavaScript, along with tools like Node.js and modern front-end libraries, is key.
Focus on Safety and Speed: With online security becoming a big issue, languages that help avoid mistakes are getting more attention. Rust’s features that prevent memory errors and Go’s straightforward style are good examples.
Keep Learning and Stay Flexible: One thing that never changes in tech is change itself. What is popular in 2024 might be different in 2025.
Here’s a simple table that sums up some facts in plain language:
| Language | 2025 Trend | Main Advantage | Resource Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python | Leads in data work and AI | Easy to read, lots of tools | GeeksforGeeks |
| JavaScript | Essential for building websites | Works everywhere on the web | Snappify |
| TypeScript | Becoming popular in large projects | Helps catch errors early | Fullstack Academy |
| Go | Growing quickly in cloud computing | Fast and handles many tasks at once | Nucamp |
| Rust | New favorite for safe, low-level coding | Prevents common memory mistakes | The Ceres Group |
| Java | Still important for big business and Android work | Runs on many types of systems | Wikipedia |
Best Dev Stacks to Learn in 2025lists the top development stacks for 2025 to be:
1. MERN Stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React, Node.js)
2. MEVN Stack (MongoDB, Express.js, Vue.js, Node.js)
3. JAMstack (JavaScript, APIs, Markup)
4. T3 Stack (Next.js, TypeScript, tRPC, Tailwind CSS, Prisma)
5. Flutter Stack (Flutter, Firebase)
6. PERN Stack (PostgreSQL, Express.js, React, Node.js)
7. Django Stack (Django, PostgreSQL, React/Angular)
8. DevOps Stack (Docker, Kubernetes, Jenkins, Terraform)
9. AI/ML Stack (Python, TensorFlow, PyTorch, FastAPI)
10. Blockchain Development Stack (Solidity, Ethereum, Hardhat)
11. Spring Boot + React Stack
10 hot programming trends — and 10 going cold
Hot: Repatriation
Not: Cloud bills
Hot: AI partners
Not: Human pair programming
Hot: Rust
Not: C/C++
Hot: Wasm
Not: Interpreters
Hot: CPUs
Not: GPUs
Hot: Zero-knowledge proofs
Not: Digital signatures
Hot: Trustworthy ledgers
Not: Turing-complete ledgers
Hot: GraphQL
Not: REST
Hot: Static site generators
Not: Single-page apps
Hot: Database configuration
Not: Software programming
What’s trending in Software-driven Automation (SDA) in 2025? Here are some predictions:
1. Virtual Safe Control – A new and novel concept introduced by CODESYS and SILista, making it possible to implement Functional Safety controller reaching SIL2 or even SIL3 level, using generic hardware with help of software virtualisation. This will significantly decrease cost of hardware and speed up development cycle.
2. Open platforms – This trend started already last year, and now we’re seeing more and more automation vendors coming this way. #ctrlXOS opened the game, and there are other vendors like Phoenix coming the same way with their PLCnext Virtualised.
3. Model-based Design (MBD) – An old concept but not yet fully utilised in development. Maybe because lack of well integrated toolchains in the past. But now we’re seeing more and more industrial players adopting the methodology in their product development.
4. AI, of course, but how? Naturally AI can assist in efficient software development and testing. Also some algorithm optimisation and condition monitoring with AI and ML has been seen.
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Tomi Engdahl says:
7 reasons low-code and no-code tools fail to deliver
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3958483/7-reasons-low-code-and-no-code-tools-fail-to-deliver.html
As more organizations adopt low-code and no-code platforms and tools, tech leaders must understand the risks and benefits involved.
The potential benefits of low-code and no-code development tools include faster application development, lower expenses, and more agility. The technology is not suited to every scenario, however, and in some cases, low- and no-code solutions could be a barrier to productivity.
Research firm Grand View Research predicts the global low-code development platform market will expand at a compound annual growth rate of about 23 percent from 2023 to 2030. The report attributes this growth to the increasing focus on digital transformation and automating business operations. It may also be driven by the demand for quick solutions and more streamlined business processes.
Tomi Engdahl says:
7 reasons low-code implementations fail
Losing depth and flexibility
Over-simplified solutions
Failure to scale
Unreliable LLMs
Security risks
Vendor lock-in
Underestimating the technology
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3958483/7-reasons-low-code-and-no-code-tools-fail-to-deliver.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://pixicstudio.medium.com/why-imposter-syndrome-is-part-of-every-developers-journey-c4bd485626aa
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.feldera.com/blog/cutting-down-rust-compile-times-from-30-to-2-minutes-with-one-thousand-crates
Tomi Engdahl says:
How AI will change software engineering
No one can agree how AI will change software engineering. Here’s how to prepare anyway.
https://leaddev.com/career-development/how-ai-will-change-software-engineering
Tomi Engdahl says:
AI-hallucinated code dependencies become new supply chain risk
https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ai-hallucinated-code-dependencies-become-new-supply-chain-risk/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.xfaang.com/blog/Natural-Language-Is-Now-the-Only-No-Code-Tool-That-Matters/slvrJ005SjSnDqnIIfeVX
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.businessinsider.com/vibe-coding-vc-technical-founders-skills-investors-2025-4
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.howtogeek.com/i-tried-using-vibe-coding-to-create-my-own-productivity-app/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/codewithshahan/10-hard-truths-every-dev-must-learn-in-2025-26io
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/abdulbasithh/cursor-ai-was-everyones-favourite-ai-ide-until-devs-turned-on-it-37d
Tomi Engdahl says:
GitHub CEO Thomas Dohmke to parents: Make your kid learn …
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/technology/tech-news/github-ceo-thomas-dohmke-to-parents-make-your-kid-learn-/articleshow/120339202.cms
Read more at:
http://m.timesofindia.com/articleshow/120339202.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/wasp/a-structured-workflow-for-vibe-coding-full-stack-apps-352l
Tomi Engdahl says:
AI isn’t ready to replace human coders for debugging, researchers say
Even when given access to tools, AI agents can’t reliably debug software.
https://arstechnica.com/ai/2025/04/researchers-find-ai-is-pretty-bad-at-debugging-but-theyre-working-on-it/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.thecampuscoders.com/blogs/web-development-in-2025
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/google/google-takes-on-cursor-with-firebase-studio-its-ai-builder-for-vibe-coding/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Kodus – An open source AI code review engine (AST and LLW, less noise)
https://dev.to/kodus/kodus-an-open-source-ai-code-review-engine-ast-and-llw-less-noise-3726
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoq.com/news/2025/04/fastapi-mcp/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/copilotkit/30-mcp-ideas-with-complete-source-code-d8e
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.phoronix.com/news/Arch-Linux-Going-Valkey
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.xda-developers.com/services-disabled-improve-windows-performance/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.itewiki.fi/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.xda-developers.com/replaced-all-productivity-tools-with-obsidian-for-a-month-here-is-how-it-went/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Google, AWS say it’s too hard for customers to use Linux to swerve Azure
Re-writing applications takes years, is expensive, in-house expertise needed
https://www.theregister.com/2025/04/17/swapping_linux_for_microsoft_is_hard/
When moving to the cloud, companies with significant investments in Microsoft infrastructure wares simply can’t afford to rewrite everything for Linux, so they end up migrating to Azure to dodge the markups Redmond charges for running its server software in competitors’ clouds.
Or so say both Amazon and Google in their latest submissions to the Competition and Markets Authority’s investigation into the health of the UK cloud market. The upshot, they claim, is that customers face the devil’s choice of migrating to Azure, or paying many times more to run their Windows and SQL Server-based apps on AWS or Google’s cloud platform.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2025/04/16/porting-cobol-code-and-the-trouble-with-ditching-domain-specific-languages/
Tomi Engdahl says:
From Frustration to Feature: The Open Source Magic
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opensource
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watercooler
When was the last time you felt that “How is this not a thing yet?” sensation?
You know, the one where you’re looking for a simple solution to a simple problem, but somehow it doesn’t exist. This feeling of frustration has been the genesis of countless open source projects, and recently, it reminded me why I fell in love with the open source community in the first place.
https://dev.to/phalkmin/from-frustration-to-feature-the-open-source-magic-1e1b
Tomi Engdahl says:
Math-Phobic Coders, Rejoice: Python Does the Hard Work
Unlock the power of Python’s built-in math module to handle complex calculations across industries without needing to be a math genius yourself.
https://thenewstack.io/math-phobic-coders-rejoice-python-does-the-hard-work/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Developers Beware: Slopsquatting & Vibe Coding Can Increase Risk of AI-Powered Attacks
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/news-slopsquatting-vide-coding-ai-cybersecurity-risk/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.howtogeek.com/my-partner-tried-linux-for-a-week/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.howtogeek.com/5-popular-linux-distros-and-who-theyre-meant-for/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://news.itsfoss.com/systemd-particle-os/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2025/04/07/writing-c-for-curl/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.xda-developers.com/duplicati-free-open-source-backup-tool/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/shubhamtiwari909/interactive-elements-without-js-56cc
Tomi Engdahl says:
7 Code Editors You Can Use for Vibe Coding on Linux
Want to try vibe coding? Here are the best editors I recommend using on Linux.
https://itsfoss.com/vibe-coding-editors/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.xda-developers.com/tried-multiple-firewall-solutions-keep-coming-back-to-this-one/
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Last Solo Programmers
A programmer now faces the decision of how much to craft by hand or delegate to an AI code assistant.
https://cacm.acm.org/blogcacm/the-last-solo-programmers/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://gin-gonic.com/en/
Gin Web Framework
The fastest full-featured web framework for Go. Crystal clear.
Tomi Engdahl says:
AI coding mandates are driving developers to the brink
Under pressure to embrace AI, developers are growing frustrated by misguided mandates and are left to clean up any collateral damage inflicted on their codebase.
https://leaddev.com/culture/ai-coding-mandates-are-driving-developers-to-the-brink
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoq.com/news/2025/04/meta-diff-authoring-time/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Encourage the AI coding skeptics, curb the enthusiasts, says software exec at dev talk
https://devclass.com/2025/04/09/encourage-the-ai-coding-skeptics-curb-the-enthusiasts-says-software-exec-at-dev-talk/
One of those most pressing questions for developers right now is the future of coding. “The Anthropic CEO says that in three to six months, AI will be writing 90 percent of the code software developers were in charge of,” Birgitta Böckeler told attendees at her talk on AI Coding State of Play, to which attendees responded with nervous laughter.
The QCon developer conference is under way in London in the UK this week, and there is a distinct AI flavor to the content. Böckeler, global lead for AI-assisted software delivery at the Thoughtworks development company, told the crowd they should create a culture where both experimentation and AI skepticism gets rewarded.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://devclass.com/2025/04/08/vs-code-extension-marketplace-wars-cursor-users-hit-roadblocks/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blog.cloudflare.com/full-stack-development-on-cloudflare-workers/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/what-is-vibe-coding-and-why-are-people-catching-the-trend/article69389044.ece
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoq.com/news/2025/04/kafka-4-kraft-architecture/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/teamcamp/implementing-the-pomodoro-technique-in-software-development-case-studies-and-best-practices-4hj9
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/professor12/understanding-the-complexity-of-web-development-frontend-56p9
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3956455/dspy-an-open-source-framework-for-llm-powered-applications.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://laravel-news.com/nativephp-v1
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://venturebeat.com/ai/deepcoder-delivers-top-coding-performance-in-efficient-14b-open-model/